scholarly journals An Electrical Stimulation Method to Control Deep Muscle Contraction using Surface Electrodes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Ohara ◽  
Shoichi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Reference Frequency ◽  
Control Muscle ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Stimulation Method ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Being Moved ◽  
Electrical Muscle

Abstract Conventional EMS technology cannot stimulate deep muscles to induce muscle contraction using surface electrodes. Several treatments use electrical stimulation for various neurological conditions, including stroke and spinal cord injury. One such treatment is functional electrical stimulation (FES), a form of rehabilitation in which electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is provided while the muscles are being moved. Here, we show whether two interfering electrical stimulation pulses could stimulate the deep muscles of the forearm to control muscle contraction. The results showed that the strongest torques were generated across the subjects when the reference frequency was mid-frequency (4,000 Hz) and the beat frequencies were low (20 Hz, 40 Hz, 80 Hz, 160 Hz and 320 Hz). This study is the first counterexample to demonstrate that it is possible to control muscle contraction in the deep muscles of the forearm using surface electrodes, which was previously thought to be impossible.

scholarly journals Two years of Functional Electrical Stimulation by large surface electrodes for denervated muscles improve skin epidermis in SCI

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Albertin ◽  
Helmut Kern ◽  
Christian Hofer ◽  
Diego Guidolin ◽  
Andrea Porzionato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Our previous studies have shown that severely atrophic Quadriceps muscles of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients suffering with complete conus and cauda equina lesions, and thus with permanent denervation-induced atrophy and degeneration of muscle fibers, were almost completely rescued to normal size after two years of home-based Functional Electrical Stimulation (h-bFES). Since we used large surface electrodes to stimulate the thigh muscles, we wanted to know if the skin was affected by long-term treatment. Here we report preliminary data of morphometry of skin biopsies harvested from legs of 3 SCI patients before and after two years of h-bFES to determine the total area of epidermis in transverse skin sections. By this approach we support our recently published results obtained randomly measuring skin thickness in the same biopsies after H-E stain. The skin biopsies data of three subjects, taken together, present indeed a statistically significant 30% increase in the area of the epidermis after two years of h-bFES. In conclusion, we confirm a long term positive modulation of electrostimulated epidermis, that correlates with the impressive improvements of the FES-induced muscle strength and bulk, and of the size of the muscle fibers after 2-years of h-bFES.

scholarly journals Functional Electrical Stimulation for Physiotherapy Management of Neurological Conditions: An Evidence Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
Dhruva J. Kanojiya ◽  
Karishma Jagad
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Muscle Groups

Functional Electrical Stimulation is the electrical stimulation of motor neurons such that muscle groups are stimulated to contract & create a moment about a joint. In recent years, FES is relatively used as a new therapeutic tool in rehabilitation program of different neurological conditions. Although FES has been used for long time for treating foot drop, there are many studies which supports the beneficiary effect to improve upper and lower extremity’s function, spasticity, subluxation, respiration, balance, gait training, activities of daily living, quality of life. Multiple databases were searched for relevant articles. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of FES in different neurological condition and to collect the existing literature dealing with FES in a single article to analyze the result & to finally reach the overall conclusion. Keywords: FES, Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinsonism, etc.

scholarly journals Functional electrical stimulation with surface electrodes

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadej Bajd ◽  
Marincek Crt ◽  
Marko Munih
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulator

The review investigates the objective evidences of benefits derived from surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) of lower and upper extremities for people after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. FES can offer noticeable benefits in walking ability. It can be efficiently combined with treadmill and body weight support. Voluntary muscle strength and endurance gain can be achieved through FES assisted gait training together with increased gait velocity in absence of electrical stimulator. Cyclic FES, FES augmented by biofeedback, and FES used in various daily activities can result in substantial improvements of the voluntary control of upper extremities.

scholarly journals Assisted Grasping in Individuals with Tetraplegia: Improving Control through Residual Muscle Contraction and Movement

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Fonseca ◽  
Wafa Tigra ◽  
Benjamin Navarro ◽  
David Guiraud ◽  
Charles Fattal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Robotic Hand ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Contralateral Hand ◽  
Electrical Stimulator

Individuals who sustained a spinal cord injury often lose important motor skills, and cannot perform basic daily living activities. Several assistive technologies, including robotic assistance and functional electrical stimulation, have been developed to restore lost functions. However, designing reliable interfaces to control assistive devices for individuals with C4–C8 complete tetraplegia remains challenging. Although with limited grasping ability, they can often control upper arm movements via residual muscle contraction. In this article, we explore the feasibility of drawing upon these residual functions to pilot two devices, a robotic hand and an electrical stimulator. We studied two modalities, supra-lesional electromyography (EMG), and upper arm inertial sensors (IMU). We interpreted the muscle activity or arm movements of subjects with tetraplegia attempting to control the opening/closing of a robotic hand, and the extension/flexion of their own contralateral hand muscles activated by electrical stimulation. Two groups were recruited: eight subjects issued EMG-based commands; nine other subjects issued IMU-based commands. For each participant, we selected at least two muscles or gestures detectable by our algorithms. Despite little training, all participants could control the robot’s gestures or electrical stimulation of their own arm via muscle contraction or limb motion.

scholarly journals The role of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation and regeneration after spinal cord injury

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Karamian ◽  
Nicholas Siegel ◽  
Blake Nourie ◽  
Mijail D. Serruya ◽  
Robert F. Heary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractElectrical stimulation is used to elicit muscle contraction and can be utilized for neurorehabilitation following spinal cord injury when paired with voluntary motor training. This technology is now an important therapeutic intervention that results in improvement in motor function in patients with spinal cord injuries. The purpose of this review is to summarize the various forms of electrical stimulation technology that exist and their applications. Furthermore, this paper addresses the potential future of the technology.

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Electrical Stimulation-Induced Leg Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sutton ◽  
A. J. Thomas ◽  
G. M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Leg Muscle

Abstract:Electrical stimulation-induced leg muscle contractions provide a useful model for examining the role of leg muscle neural afferents during low-intensity exercise in persons with spinal cord-injury and their able-bodied cohorts. Eight persons with paraplegia (SCI) and 8 non-disabled subjects (CONTROL) performed passive knee flexion/extension (PAS), electrical stimulation-induced knee flexion/extension (ES) and voluntary knee flexion/extension (VOL) on an isokinetic dynamometer. In CONTROLS, exercise heart rate was significantly increased during ES (94 ± 6 bpm) and VOL (85 ± 4 bpm) over PAS (69 ± 4 bpm), but no changes were observed in SCI individuals. Stroke volume was significantly augmented in SCI during ES (59 ± 5 ml) compared to PAS (46 ± 4 ml). The results of this study suggest that, in able-bodied humans, Group III and IV leg muscle afferents contribute to increased cardiac output during exercise primarily via augmented heart rate. In contrast, SCI achieve raised cardiac output during ES leg exercise via increased venous return in the absence of any change in heart rate.

scholarly journals Exoskeletons, Rehabilitation and Bodily Capacities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357034X2110256
Author(s):  
Denisa Butnaru
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Motility impairments resulting from spinal cord injuries and cerebrovascular accidents are increasingly prevalent in society, leading to the growing development of rehabilitative robotic technologies, among them exoskeletons. This article outlines how bodies with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury and stroke engage in processes of re-appropriation while using exoskeletons and some of the challenges they face. The main task of exoskeletons in rehabilitative environments is either to rehabilitate or ameliorate anatomic functions of impaired bodies. In these complex processes, they also play a crucial role in recasting specific corporeal phenomenologies. For the accomplishment of these forms of corporeal re-appropriation, the role of experts is crucial. This article explores how categories such as bodily resistance, techno-inter-corporeal co-production of bodies and machines, as well as body work mark the landscape of these contemporary forms of impaired corporeality. While defending corporeal extension rather than incorporation, I argue against the figure of the ‘cyborg’ and posit the idea of ‘residual subjectivity’.

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