scholarly journals Simulating Regional Cassava Yield Gap in Nigeria

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Srivast ◽  
Thomas Gaiser ◽  
Akinola Shola Akinwumiju ◽  
Wenzhi Zeng ◽  
Andrej Ceglar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Short Rainy Season ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Climate Parameter ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract Cassava production is essential for food security in Sub-Saharan Africa and serves as a major calorie- intake source in Nigeria. Here we use a crop model, LINTUL5, embedded into a modeling framework SIMPLACE to estimate potential cassava yield gaps (Yg) in 30 states of Nigeria. Our study of climate parameter influence on the variability of current and potential yields and Yg shows that cumulative radiation and precipitation were the most significant factors associated with cassava yield variability (p = 0.01). The cumulative Yg mean was estimated as 18202 kg∙ha-1, with a maximum of 31207 kg ha-1 in Kano state. Across the states, nutrient limitation accounts for 55.3% of the total cassava yield gap, while the remaining 44.7% is attributed to water limitation. The highest untapped water-limited yields were estimated in States, such as Bauchi, Gombe, and Sokoto, characterized by the short rainy season. Conclusively, the current cassava yield levels can be increased by a factor of five through soil fertility enhancement and with irrigation, particularly in semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Improvement in Cassava Yield per Area by Fertilizer Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Okoth Omondi ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Smart Technologies

Cassava is a source of carbohydrates to more than 200 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa, even though its production is 6–8 t ha−1, which is below the highest world production of 36.4 t ha−1 in India. To address this yield gap and increase cassava’s availability, affordability, and adequacy, intensive but sustainable production is important. Additionally, being an emerging raw material in the animal feeds, pharmaceutical, beer industries etc., only increases its demand, however the current production levels cannot effectively sustain this. Therefore, this paper reviews: improvement in cassava yields per area under fertigation and banding of fertilizers, a common practice among many farmers; the advantage of fertilizer application on starch of the storage roots, which is the fundamental ingredient in most industries using cassava as a raw material; and the climate smart technologies for intensive sustainable cassava production. In the end, this review enhances knowledge about fertilizer application to cassava, both banding and fertigation, and expounds on effective intensive sustainable climate-smart production strategies.

scholarly journals Estimating and Decomposing Groundnut Gender Yield Gap: Evidence from Rural Farming Households in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8923
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Muricho ◽  
Jourdain Lokossou ◽  
Hippolyte Affognon ◽  
Benjamin Ahmed ◽  
Haile Desmae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Esr Model ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Farming Households

Poverty among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa has been associated with low agricultural productivity emanating from gender yield gaps among other factors. Using data collected from smallholder groundnut producers in Nigeria, we analyzed the gender yield gap by applying the exogenous switching regression (ESR) model and Oaxaca–Blinder (OB) decomposition framework. Results from the two complementary approaches showed a significant gender yield gap in favor of male headed households (MHHs). The main and significant source of the gap was differences in resources/endowments. We found that involving female headed households (FHHs) in prerequisite yield augmenting activities like technology validation trials, testing, and demonstrations is critical in closing the existing yield gap.

scholarly journals Closing maize yield gaps in sub-Saharan Africa will boost soil N2O emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Leitner ◽  
David E Pelster ◽  
Christian Werner ◽  
Lutz Merbold ◽  
Elizabeth M Baggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yield ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cassava Processing in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Implications for Expanding Cassava Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Izu Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Poor Soil

Cassava makes an important contribution to improving food security and rural incomes in sub-Saharan Africa, as it is tolerant of drought and poor soil and its cultivation does not require much labour. However, the fresh roots are bulky and perishable and need to be processed before they can be marketed; processing also removes the cyanogens which make many varieties poisonous in their raw form. Cassava roots are turned into granules, flours, pastes and chips, with a wide range of flavours and appearances for different areas and markets. Many different processing techniques are used, some of which make intensive use of fuelwood while others require a plentiful water supply. These requirements, as well as the need for a good transport and marketing infrastructure, limit the expansion of cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa, but technical solutions are being found.

Beyond fertilizer for closing yield gaps in sub-Saharan Africa

Nature Food ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André F. Van Rooyen ◽  
Henning Bjornlund ◽  
Jamie Pittock
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Prospects for sustainable intensification of soybean production in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
Deepayan Debnath ◽  
◽  
Suresh Babu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Soy Meal ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

There is a significant soybean yield gap in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Sustainable intensification of the agricultural sector to reduce such a yield gap is important. Increasing soybean productivity can meet the growing demand for food and feed when complemented with higher soy meal demand by the local livestock industry. This study performs an ex-ante economic analysis to determine the effect of higher soybean production on trade and land use within SSA countries. We find that increasing soybean yield by 50% can increase the total returns from soybean production by 186 million LC (local currency) in Ethiopia and 36 billion LC in Nigeria. We show that soybean yield growth alone is enough to boost soy oil production, as the crushing of the beans produces 18% oil and 79% meal. While increasing productivity may lead to freeing land to produce high-valued cash crops, investors will be reluctant to invest in the crushing facilities in the absence of soy meal demand by the livestock industry. Therefore, policymakers need to establish collaboration between development organisations, private companies, farmers and researchers to achieve this transformation and thereby raise agricultural productivity.

scholarly journals Unravelling the variability and causes of smallholder maize yield gaps in Ethiopia

Food Security ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banchayehu Tessema Assefa ◽  
Jordan Chamberlin ◽  
Pytrik Reidsma ◽  
João Vasco Silva ◽  
Martin K. van Ittersum
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Maize Yields

AbstractEthiopia has achieved the second highest maize yield in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, farmers’ maize yields are still much lower than on-farm and on-station trial yields, and only ca. 20% of the estimated water-limited potential yield. This article provides a comprehensive national level analysis of the drivers of maize yields in Ethiopia, by decomposing yield gaps into efficiency, resource and technology components, and accounting for a broad set of detailed input and crop management choices. Stochastic frontier analysis was combined with concepts of production ecology to estimate and explain technically efficient yields, the efficiency yield gap and the resource yield gap. The technology yield gap was estimated based on water-limited potential yields from the Global Yield Gap Atlas. The relative magnitudes of the efficiency, resource and technology yield gaps differed across farming systems; they ranged from 15% (1.6 t/ha) to 21% (1.9 t/ha), 12% (1.3 t/ha) to 25% (2.3 t/ha) and 54% (4.8 t/ha) to 73% (7.8 t/ha), respectively. Factors that reduce the efficiency yield gap include: income from non-farm sources, value of productive assets, education and plot distance from home. The resource yield gap can be explained by sub-optimal input use, from a yield perspective. The technology yield gap comprised the largest share of the total yield gap, partly due to limited use of fertilizer and improved seeds. We conclude that targeted but integrated policy design and implementation is required to narrow the overall maize yield gap and improve food security.

Addressing the Yield Gap in Sub-Saharan Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Hillocks
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Spatial frameworks for robust estimation of yield gaps

Nature Food ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan I. Rattalino Edreira ◽  
José F. Andrade ◽  
Kenneth G. Cassman ◽  
Martin K. van Ittersum ◽  
Marloes P. van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Yield Gaps

AbstractFood security interventions and policies need reliable estimates of crop production and the scope to enhance production on existing cropland. Here we assess the performance of two widely used ‘top-down’ gridded frameworks (Global Agro-ecological Zones and Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project) versus an alternative ‘bottom-up’ approach (Global Yield Gap Atlas). The Global Yield Gap Atlas estimates extra production potential locally for a number of sites representing major breadbaskets and then upscales the results to larger spatial scales. We find that estimates from top-down frameworks are alarmingly unlikely, with estimated potential production being lower than current farm production at some locations. The consequences of using these coarse estimates to predict food security are illustrated by an example for sub-Saharan Africa, where using different approaches would lead to different prognoses about future cereal self-sufficiency. Our study shows that foresight about food security and associated agriculture research priority setting based on yield potential and yield gaps derived from top-down approaches are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and would benefit from incorporating estimates from bottom-up approaches.

scholarly journals Do Policy and Institutional Variables Play a More Significant Role in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment to Eastern Africa than They Do in Other Regions of Sub-Saharan Africa?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Na Hyeseon
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Institutional Variables ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries ◽  
Significant Factors

The paper aims to assess whether policy and institutional variables are significant factors in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to eastern Africa. The assessment is based on the determinants of FDI in a sample of 30 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries between 2005 and 2016. Employing panel data methodology, I investigate whether policy and institutional variables play a more significant role in attracting FDI to eastern Africa than they do in other SSA countries. The results indicate that these variables are more significant factors for attracting FDI to eastern Africa than they are for the other SSA regions. The paper concludes that eastern Africa’s current FDI promotion policies are working. In particular, ensuring a stable macroeconomic situation and a favorable profit tax rate as well as building good institutions have proven to be good tools for attracting FDI to eastern Africa.

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