Simulating Regional Cassava Yield Gap in Nigeria

Cassava production is essential for food security in Sub-Saharan Africa and serves as a major calorie- intake source in Nigeria. Here we use a crop model, LINTUL5, embedded into a modeling framework SIMPLACE to estimate potential cassava yield gaps (Yg) in 30 states of Nigeria. Our study of climate parameter influence on the variability of current and potential yields and Yg shows that cumulative radiation and precipitation were the most significant factors associated with cassava yield variability (p = 0.01). The cumulative Yg mean was estimated as 18202 kg∙ha-1, with a maximum of 31207 kg ha-1 in Kano state. Across the states, nutrient limitation accounts for 55.3% of the total cassava yield gap, while the remaining 44.7% is attributed to water limitation. The highest untapped water-limited yields were estimated in States, such as Bauchi, Gombe, and Sokoto, characterized by the short rainy season. Conclusively, the current cassava yield levels can be increased by a factor of five through soil fertility enhancement and with irrigation, particularly in semi-arid regions.

Diurnal Extrema Timing—A New Climatological Parameter?

We address the following question: Are turning points of daily air temperature function a piece of relevant climatological information worth recording and analyzing? Diurnal Extrema Timing (DET) are daily occurrence times of air temperature minimum and maximum. Although unrecognized and unrecorded as a meteorological variable, the exact timing of daily temperature extrema plays a crucial role in the characterization of air temperature variability. In this study, we introduce the DET concept and assess the plausibility of this potential parameter in detecting temperature extrema timing changes. Conceptualization of the DET parameter has, for a primary goal, the supplementation of vital spatial information to the daily measurements of air temperature extrema. The elementary analysis of annual trends of daily DET examines the significance of this parameter in describing changes in the time domain of air temperature variability. The introduction of the new Climate Parameter Sensitivity Index (CPSI) for evaluating the susceptibility of climate parameters to climate change directs attention to the importance of the systematic acquisition of the timing of daily extrema in climate observations. The results of this study reveal the timing of daily air temperature maximum as the most vulnerable to climate change among temperature and timing extrema indices.

Monitoring and Analyzing of the Relationship between Climatic Elements and Skin Cancer in the Years 2012-2014

Introduction: The present study investigated one of these types of disease (skin cancer) and its relationship with climatic parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between climate change and skin cancer in Ardabil province. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted to investigate the effect of six climatic parameters (frost, sunny hours, minimum mean humidity, maximum absolute temperature, minimum absolute temperature, and mean temperature) on skin cancer in Ardabil province in a 3-year statistical period (2012-2014). The data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation relationship in SPSS version 24 software, also Minitab version 16 software was used for linear interpolation. Results: According to the findings, the highest correlation (more than 95%) of skin cancer in three cities of Parsabad, Khalkhal, and Ardabil with the climatic parameter was related to minimum absolute temperature. However, in Khalkhal station in three years of study, sunny hours had the highest correlation and the lowest correlation was related to glacial climate parameter in all four cities. It can be said that the factors of sunny hours and maximum temperature have an effect on the incidence of skin cancer, and the minimum absolute temperature increases the exacerbation of this type of disease. Conclusion: According to the results of statistical correlation and the effects of climatic parameters on skin cancer, it can be concluded that climate parameters are one of the effective factors in skin cancer.

INVERSING GLACIER ALBEDO IN HIGH MOUNTAIN ASIA BASED ON SENTINEL-3 SATELLITE DATA

Surface albedo, defined as the ratio of the upward to downward solar irradiance, is an important climate parameter in the surface energy budget. Among them, glacier albedo is the link between glaciers and the hydration process of climate and cold zones, and it is also an important factor restricting the development of distributed glacier energy-material balance model. Changes in the albedo of ice and snow can alter the energy balance of the entire geo-gas system and can also cause local and even global climate change. Glaciers in High Mountain Asia have experienced heterogeneous rates of loss since the 1970s. The positive feedback effect of ice and snow makes its albedo an important indicator of ice and snow surface mass balance. This study used partly Sentinel-3 level-1b data of High Mountain Asia in 2017, RGI (Randolph Glacier Inventory) 6.0 and SPP (Snow Properties Processor) developed by the ESA’s team to extract the region's mountain glacier albedo in SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) environment. At present, the products of the whole year of 2017 have been produced, with a time resolution of one month and a spatial resolution of 300 m.

Land Surface Temperature from GOES-East and GOES-West

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important climate parameter that controls the surface energy budget. For climate applications, information is needed at global scale with representation of the diurnal cycle. To achieve global coverage there is a need to merge about five independent geostationary satellites (GEO) that have different observing capabilities. An issue of practical importance is the merging of independent satellite observations in areas of overlap. An optimal approach in such areas could eliminate the need for redundant computations by differently viewing satellites. We use a previously developed approach to derive information on LST from GOES east (GOES-E), modify it for application to GOES west (GOES-W) and implement it simultaneously across areas of overlap at 5-km spatial resolution. We evaluate the GOES based LST against in-situ observations and an independent MODIS product for the period of 2004–2009. The methodology proposed minimizes differences between satellites in areas of overlap. The mean and median values of the differences in monthly mean LST retrieved from GOES-E and GOES-W at UTC 06 for July are 0.01° and 0.11° K, respectively. Similarly, at UTC 18 the respective mean and median value of the differences were 0.15° and 1.33° K. These findings can provide guidelines for potential users to decide whether the reported accuracy based on one satellite alone, meets their needs in area of overlap. Since the six year record of LST was produced at hourly time scale, the data are well suited to address scientific issues that require the representation of LST diurnal cycle or the diurnal temperature range (DTR).

Prediksi Curah Hujan Bulanan Di Wilayah Lombok Barat Menggunakan Principal Component Regression (PCR)

Rainfall is a significant climate parameter in various sectoral of human activities. Despite that, precise rainfall prediction is necessary. One factor which can affect the rainfall is Sea Surface Temperature. We used Sea Surface Temperature data in Indonesia limited by 14° LS - 10° LU and 90° BT - 142° BT to predict monthly rainfall in West Lombok. The method used in this study is Principal Component Regression. Regression is calculated using 1998-2013 data, with Principal Component Analysis result of Indonesian Sea Surface Temperature as the predictor. Validation using contingency table for 2014-2018 rainfall characteristic data in West Lombok showed that rainfall prediction is appropriate with the rainfall pattern observation data.

Odonata Diversity at Sumber Clangap and Sumber Mangli Puncu Village Sub District of Puncu District of Kediri

Sumber Clangap and Sumber Mangli are geographically located at the Mount Kelud steeps. Administratively located at Puncu Village, Puncu Sub-district and District of Kediri. They provided hab-itat for the flora than fauna especially Odonata that never been stud-ied before. We aimed to study Odonata diversity at Sumber Clangap and Sumber Mangli area. The method used in this study was natural snapshot experiment that conducted by Odonata monitoring. Micro-climate parameter including air temperature and humidity were not-ed. Odonata activity and behavior noted for analysis. Collected data were analyzed using Shannon-Wiener heterogeneity index. The results showed that there were 17 species from the whole location. There was Euphaea variegata, Vestalis luctuosa, Rhinocypha anisoptera, Peric-nemis stictica, Pseudagrion pruinosum, Coeliccia membranipes, Gy-nacantha subinterrupta, Idionyx montana, Paragomphus reinwardtii, Heliogomphus drescheri, Neurothemis fluctuans, Orthetrum glau-cum, Orthetrum pruinosum, Orthetrum sabina, Pantala flavescens, Trithemis festiva and Zygonyx ida. Based on the Shannon-Wiener heterogeneity index the value, Sumber Clangap had heterogeneity in-dex higher (H’=1,97) than Sumber Mangli (H’=1,39). Sumber Man-gli has a Java endemic species Paragomphus reinwardtii and Rhi-nocypha anisoptera that is spread only at Sumatera and East Java.

Mathematical Model of Aedes Outbreaks in Padang City Considering Climate Parameter

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PENENTUAN NILAI PREMI ASURANSI PERTANIAN BERBASIS INDEKS SUHU PERMUKAAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BURN ANALYSIS

Temperature is an important factor in the production of agricultural commodities. For this reason, goverments needs to protect farmers in order to continue their farming. Climate-based agricultural insurance is an alternative to climate-related risk management. Insurance premium is given when the temperature index lower than the pre determined trigger index. The purpose of this study is to determine the stages and assumptions in determining the value of agricultural insurance premiums based on surface temperature index on cocoa commodities using the method of burn analysis. The temperature index was determined using the burn analysis method with the temperature as the climate parameter. Trigger values ??are determined based on long run times. In this paper, the result is that when the temperature index lower than the determined trigger value, trigger payments as much as Rp.10.931.960,40 / Ha based on trigger index as many 26.145 ° C, so amount of premium payment equals Rp 215.776.