scholarly journals Hair Trace Elements in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Mikulewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Chojnacka
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract (1) Background: The aim of this work was to systematically review the literature on the relation between the levels of elements in hair (toxic elements and trace elements) on the occurrence of autism spectrum disorder. (2) Methods: Search strategy and study selection: Original articles were included if they met the including criteria that report the trace element levels in hair. The following databases were screened: Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar (from 2000.01.01 to 2020.11.11). The main search terms used were “hair element analysis and trace elements and autism”. (3) Results: The papers available describe results of studies undertaken with the use of different methodology: diversified size of experimental groups, different sampling and analytical techniques. Therefore direct comparison of the results is not informative. (4) Conclusions: It was found that pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder was associated with the exposure to toxic elements (e.g. Hg and Pb) which act as neurotoxicants. Also, the relation between some microelements seem to be significant, in particular the ratio Zn/Cu. Higher level of zinc and level levels of copper play the protectory role.

Hair toxic and essential trace elements in children with autism spectrum disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Skalny ◽  
Natalia V. Simashkova ◽  
Tatiana P. Klyushnik ◽  
Andrei R. Grabeklis ◽  
Geir Bjørklund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Essential Trace Elements

Plasma concentrations of the trace elements copper, zinc and selenium in Brazilian children with autism spectrum disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Fabiana Saldanha Tschinkel ◽  
Geir Bjørklund ◽  
Lourdes Zélia Zanoni Conón ◽  
Salvatore Chirumbolo ◽  
Valter Aragão Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Brazilian Children

scholarly journals Is verbal reference impaired in autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 239694151876316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Malkin ◽  
Kirsten Abbot-Smith ◽  
David Williams
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Referential Communication ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Search Terms

Background and aims Pragmatic language is a key difficulty in autism spectrum disorder. One such pragmatic skill is verbal reference, which allows the current entity of shared interest between speakers to be identified and thus enables fluid conversation. The aim of this review was to determine the extent to which studies have found that verbal reference is impaired in autism spectrum disorder. We organise the review in terms of the methodology used and the modality (production versus comprehension) in which proficiency with verbal reference was assessed. Evidence for the potential cognitive underpinnings of these skills is also reviewed. Main contribution and methods To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of verbal reference in autism spectrum disorder. PsychINFO and Web of Science were systematically screened using the combination of search terms outlined in this paper. Twenty-four studies met our inclusion criteria. Twenty-two of these examined production, whereby the methodology ranged from elicited conversation through to elicited narrative, the ‘director’ task and other referential communication paradigms. Three studies examined reference interpretation. (One study investigated both production and appropriacy judgement). Four studies examined the relationship between appropriate usage of verbal reference and formal language (lexico-syntactic ability). Two studies investigated whether reference production related to Theory of Mind or Executive Functioning. Conclusion and implications Across a range of elicited production tasks, the predominant finding was that children and adults with autism spectrum disorder demonstrate a deficit in the production of appropriate verbal reference in comparison not only to typically developing groups, but also to groups with Developmental Language Disorder or Down syndrome. In contrast, the studies of reference interpretation which compared performance to typical control groups all found no between-group differences in this regard. To understand this cross-modality discrepancy, we need studies with the same sample of individuals, whereby the task requirements for comprehension and production are as closely matched as possible. The field also requires the development of experimental manipulations which allow us to pinpoint precisely if and how each comprehension and/or production task requires mentalising and/or various components of executive functioning. Only through such detailed and controlled experimental work would it be possible to determine the precise location of impairments in verbal reference in autism spectrum disorder. A better understanding of this would contribute to the development of interventions.

Status of essential elements in autism spectrum disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 783-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amene Saghazadeh ◽  
Narges Ahangari ◽  
Kasra Hendi ◽  
Fatemeh Saleh ◽  
Nima Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Hair Zinc ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that imposes heavy financial burden on governments and families of affected children. It is considered a multifactorial condition, where trace elements are among environmental factors that may contribute to ASD. Meanwhile, the between-study variance is high. The present systematic review was designed to investigate the difference in trace element measures between patients with ASD and control subjects. Meta-analyses showed that the hair concentrations of chromium (p=0.024), cobalt (p=0.012), iodine (p=0.000), iron (p=0.017), and magnesium (p=0.007) in ASD patients were significantly lower than those of control subjects, while there were higher magnesium levels in the hair of ASD patients compared to that of controls (p=0.010). Patients with ASD had higher blood levels of copper (p=0.000) and lower levels of zinc compared to controls (p=0.021). Further urinary iodine levels in patients with ASD were decreased in comparison with controls (p=0.026). Sensitivity analyses showed that ASD patients in non-Asian but not in Asian countries had lower hair concentrations of chromium compared to controls. Also, such analyses indicated that ASD patients in Asian countries had lower hair zinc concentrations, whereas ASD patients in non-Asian countries had higher hair zinc concentrations in comparison with control subjects. This study found significant differences in the content of trace elements between patients with ASD compared to controls. The findings help highlighting the role of trace elements as environmental factors in the etiology of ASD.

scholarly journals Association between catatonia and levels of hair and serum trace elements and minerals in autism spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Tinkov ◽  
Margarita G. Skalnaya ◽  
Natalia V. Simashkova ◽  
Tatiana P. Klyushnik ◽  
Anastasia A. Skalnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Serum Trace Elements

scholarly journals Assessment of Urinary Lead (Pb) and Essential Trace Elements in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Case-Control Study Among Preschool Children in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahrol Abd Wahil ◽  
Mohd Hasni Ja’afar ◽  
Zaleha Md Isa
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lower Urinary

AbstractLead (Pb) is a heavy metal which is abundant in the environment and known to cause neurotoxicity in children even at minute concentration. However, the trace elements calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) are essential to children due to its protective effect on neurodevelopment. The primary objective of this study was to assess the role of Pb and trace elements in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among preschool children. A total of 81 ASD children and 74 typically developed (TD) children aged between 3 and 6 years participated in the study. Self-administered online questionnaires were completed by the parents. A first-morning urine sample was collected in a sterile polyethene urine container and assayed for Pb, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Comparisons between groups revealed that the urinary Pb, Mg, Zn and Fe levels in ASD children were significantly lower than TD children. The odds of ASD reduced significantly by 5.0% and 23.0% with an increment of every 1.0 μg/dL urinary Zn and Fe, respectively. Post interaction analysis showed that the odds of ASD reduced significantly by 11.0% and 0.1% with an increment of every 1.0 μg/dL urinary Zn and Pb, respectively. A significantly lower urinary Pb level in ASD children than TD children may be due to their poor detoxifying mechanism. Also, the significantly lower urinary Zn and Fe levels in ASD children may augment the neurotoxic effect of Pb.

Development of Neural Structure and Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Implications for Learning Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1783-1797
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Coburn ◽  
Diane L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
And Function

Purpose Neurodevelopmental processes that begin during gestation and continue throughout childhood typically support language development. Understanding these processes can help us to understand the disruptions to language that occur in neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method For this tutorial, we conducted a focused literature review on typical postnatal brain development and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography, and electroencephalography studies of the neurodevelopmental differences that occur in ASD. We then integrated this knowledge with the literature on evidence-based speech-language intervention practices for autistic children. Results In ASD, structural differences include altered patterns of cortical growth and myelination. Functional differences occur at all brain levels, from lateralization of cortical functions to the rhythmic activations of single neurons. Neuronal oscillations, in particular, could help explain disrupted language development by elucidating the timing differences that contribute to altered functional connectivity, complex information processing, and speech parsing. Findings related to implicit statistical learning, explicit task learning, multisensory integration, and reinforcement in ASD are also discussed. Conclusions Consideration of the neural differences in autistic children provides additional scientific support for current recommended language intervention practices. Recommendations consistent with these neurological findings include the use of short, simple utterances; repetition of syntactic structures using varied vocabulary; pause time; visual supports; and individualized sensory modifications.

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