scholarly journals Spatial variation of life-history traits in the freshwater snail Bulinus truncatus, the intermediate host of human and cattle schistosomiasis, in relation to field application of niclosamide in northern and central Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrille K. Konan ◽  
Yves-Nathan T. Tian-Bi ◽  
Nana R. Diakité ◽  
Mamadou Ouattara ◽  
Jean T. Coulibaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Control of intermediate host snails using molluscicides for the control and/or elimination of schistosomiasis is strategy in the line with WHO recommendations. Niclosamide is the main chemical molluscicide recognized by WHO. However, the extent of the application of molluscicide outside the immediate killing of the snail such as the impact on the evolution of life-history traits; in relation to recolonization of treated sites is less or not known. This study aimed to characterize the spatial variation of life-history traits in Bulinus truncatus populations in north and central Côte d’Ivoire, in relation to niclosamide spraying in the field.From 2016 to 2018, we conducted a trial to control the intermediate host snails for interrupting seasonal transmission urinary schistosomiasis in northern and central Côte d’Ivoire, using niclosamide. The molluscicide was sprayed three times per year in habitats harboring the freshwater snail B. truncatus. Snails were collected before niclosamide application and 2-3 months after the sites were treated, and also from some untreated sites. Families from six natural populations of snails were monitored for several life-history traits, including growth, fecundity and survival, under laboratory conditions, over one generation (G1).Results: Survival rate varied among populations with the highest rates observed in northern populations. No significant difference was detected between populations before and after treatment, for this trait. Numbers of eggs and eggs per capsule at first reproduction, fecundity and growth were significantly lower in treated than untreated groups. Similar finding was observed for populations of before and after treatment. Egg production also varied across populations with the highest values found in northern populations. Within treated group, a significant difference for survival rate was detected between northern and central populations. Almost all parameters of reproduction and growth varied significantly, except for the number of egg capsules.Conclusions: Our study shows a spatial variation of life-history traits in B. truncatus snails. Lower values of these traits were observed in populations from recolonized sites after treatment with niclosamide. This trend was much more perceptible in populations from central Côte d’Ivoire. Investigations should be carried out over several generations of snails in order to clarify the impact of niclosamide on their life-history traits.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritive Quality of Maize (Zea mays L.) Produced and Stocked from Rural Conditions in Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Kouamé Désiré ◽  
Biego Henri Marius ◽  
Niamketchi Gilles Léonce ◽  
Konan Ysidor ◽  
Sidibé Daouda
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food for millions of people in Côte d’Ivoire. Due                         to its high productivity and low cost of calorie it is preferred crop for food security of the                      country. Thus, this study was conducted to assess nutritive quality of maize produced and               stocked in five purposively selected regions of Côte d’Ivoire which represents five agroecological settings. Study Design: A total of 1500 samples of maize as grains, epis and spathes were collected at rate of 500 samples by region (Gbêkê, Poro, Hambol, Indénié-Djuablin and Gontougo) and sent to the laboratory in order to analyse their nutritional quality. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out during March 2016 to January 2017. The collected sample were carried out at the laboratory unit of Food Sciences and Biochemistry of the Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan. Methodology: Proximate analyses were carried out using standard methods AOAC (2000). Results: The results show significant difference from the biochemical compositions of maize type and region. Mean value intervals were as follow: dry matter (85.83 – 91.42%), ash (1.19 - 2%), proteins (7.99 - 9.32), lipids (3.21 - 4.47), carbohydrates (71.80 - 77.94), starches (62.30 - 68.44%), fibers (5.03 - 5.83%), total sugars (2,13 - 2.99%), reducing sugars (0.33 - 0.66%), free fat acidity (1.86- 4.50%), peroxide value (1.34 - 3.07 meq O2/kg), iodine value (100.93 - 130.56 g I2/100 g), unsaponifiable (0.89 - 1.54%) and energy values (357.88 - 374.39 kcal). Conclusion: A significant variability from one region to another can be noticed at level of maize quality regardless the type of maize. The nutritive quality of maize seems to be tied to postharvest treatments (drying), type of storage (epis, grains and spathes) and structure of storage.

scholarly journals Dynamique spatio-temporelle de la pourriture brune des cabosses de cacaoyer due à phytophthora sp. dans le département d’Aboisso (Cote d’Ivoire)

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 14842-14852
Author(s):  
POHE Jean ◽  
MIAN Jacques Dutron ◽  
OKOU Staelle Florence Famisso
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spatio Temporal

RESUME Objectif : Cette étude a été menée pour évaluer le niveau de la pourriture brune, de suivre son évolution dans les plantations, au niveau des différentes parties du cacaoyer et de préciser l’emplacement des lésions sur les différentes cabosses infectées dans les cacaoyères dans le Département d’Aboisso Sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire. Méthodologie et résultats : Cinq plantations ont été choisies avec dans chacune vingt plants mis en observation et sur lesquels trois parties ont été délimitées : le bas, le milieu et les branches. Sur chaque cabosse infectée la lésion est soit, proximale, latérale ou distale. Le dispositif est donc en blocs de Fischer avec un arrangement factoriel, 2 facteurs (localisation des cabosses dans l’arbre et la position des lésions sur les cabosse) avec chacun 3 niveaux soit, 9 traitements avec 5 répétions. L’analyse des taux des affections à Phytophthora donne une différence hautement significative d’une part entre les localisations des cabosses dans l’arbre et d’autre part, entre les positions des lésions sur les cabosses. Aussi, la position des lésions sur les cabosses diffère-t-elle selon la localisation de celles-ci dans l’arbre (p-value < 1%). Conclusion : La pourriture brune sévit de façon endémique dans le département d’Aboisso. Les cabosses sur le tronc, notamment celles qui sont vers le bas, s’avèrent les plus vulnérables. Les lésions distales sont préférentiellement situées sur les cabosses vers le bas du tronc, alors que les proximales sont en grand nombre sur le milieu du tronc et les branches. Les Phytophthora étant des organismes telluriques, l’importance de leurs attaques sur les cabosses et sur les parties de celles-ci proches du sol, source d’inoculum primaire s’avérerait inévitable. Application actuelle et potentielle des résultats : A partir de ces résultats, il convient de recommander d’éviter l’abandon de la protection avec des fongicides appropriés de la cacaoyère de cette localité comme ont tendance à le faire certains planteurs. Aussi, les applications de fongicides, surtout ceux de contact, par atomisation ne doivent-ils pas être dirigées seulement dans les branches mais également sur le tronc et surtout vers le bas des pieds des arbres. Mots clés : pourriture brune, dynamique, cacaoyer, Aboisso, Côte d’Ivoire ABSTRACT Spatio-temporal dynamics of the brown rot of cocoa pots due to phytophthora sp. in the department of Aboisso (Cote d'Ivoire) Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the level of brown rot, monitor its evolution in plantations, at the level of different parts of the cocoa tree and to specify the location of the lesions on the different pods infected in the cocoa farms in the Department. of Aboisso South-east of Ivory Coast. Methodology and results: Five plantations were selected, each of which had twenty plants under observation and on which three parts were delineated: the bottom, the middle and the branches. On each infected pod the lesion is proximal, lateral or distal. The device is therefore in Fischer blocks with a factorial arrangement, 2 factors (location of the pods in the tree and the position of the lesions on the pod) with each 3 levels, i.e. 9 treatments with 5 repetitions. The analysis of the Phytophthora disease rates gives a highly significant difference between the location of the pods in the tree and between the positions of the lesions on the pods. Also, the position of the lesions on the pods differs according to the location of these in the tree (p-value <1%). Conclusion: Brown rot is endemic in the Aboisso department. Pods on the trunk, especially those that are down, are the most vulnerable. The distal lesions are preferentially located on the pods down the trunk, while the proximal ones are in large numbers on the middle of the trunk and branches. Phytophthora being telluric organisms, the importance of their attacks on pods and parts of them that are close to the soil, a source of primary inoculum, would be inevitable. Current and Potential Application of Results: From these results, it is advisable to avoid abandoning the protection with appropriate fungicides of the cocoa farm in this locality, as some planters tend to do. Also, the applications of fungicides, especially those of contact, by atomization should not be directed only in the branches but also on the trunk and especially down the feet of the trees. Keywords: brown rot, dynamics, cocoa, Aboisso, Ivory Coast

Pteroteinon laufella.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Cock
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Writing about Zophopetes cerymica (which they considered more common) and P. laufella combined, Mariau and Morin (1974) state that attacks can be on palms of all ages, including young palms recently planted out. At this age, defoliation of the plants delays their subsequent development. Outbreaks on older trees are rarer, and the damage often less important; these attacks are generally localized at the edge of plantations. Mariau et al. (1981) add that the highest fronds are the most often damaged. Herder et al. (1994) refer to regular outbreaks of P. laufella on oil palm in southern Côte d'Ivoire. There are no more substantive reports on the impact of the feeding damage by these hesperiids.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of the testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 2 gene and risk of asthenozoospermia in Côte d'Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Konan G. S. N'zi ◽  
Jules E. H. Ayekoue ◽  
Yapi G. Yaye ◽  
Marie F. N'guessan ◽  
Ako A. B. Ako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Frequent Mutations

Background: The testis-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (TSSK2) is an indispensable protein responsible for the mobility of spermatozoa expressed specifically in the germ cells during spermatogenesis and present in the mature spermatozoa. Its gene mutation could constitute a risk of infertility. The aim of this study is to investigate the polymorphism of this TSSK2 gene in men with asthenozoospermia.Methods: The ejaculates were obtained from patients attending the reproductive biology unit of Institut Pasteur of Côte d’Ivoire for their spermiological evaluations. The semen analyses are performed with the automatic sperm analyzer SQA-Vision. 30 sperms, including 20 asthenozoosperms and 10 normosperms, were selected from their spermiological results and the spermatozoa DNA was extracted by the phenol/chloroform method. Direct Sequencing of the spermatozoa DNA fragments was done using the Sanger method. The frequencies of mutation were analysis with the Fisher and Mann-Whitney tests.   Results: It was revealed 17 mutations in 22 ejaculates. The frequent mutations are c.839C>T (T280M), c.816G>C (L372L), c.1026G>A (R342R), c.785A>C (H262P) and c.80A>G (K27R) with respectively frequencies of 50.0%, 26.67%, 16.67%, 13.33% and 10.0%. The analysis of these mutations indicated a significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of mutations between normosperms and asthenozoosperms (p-value = 0.01).Conclusions: This study shows that mutations in the TSSK2 gene are more common in asthenozoosperm ejaculates than normosperm ejaculates. This fact suggests the probable association of mutations in the TSSK2 gene with asthenozoospermia.

An assessment of the impact of artisanal and commercial gold mining on mercury and methylmercury levels in the environment and fish in Cote d'Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 1158-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Mason ◽  
Zofia Baumann ◽  
Gunnar Hansen ◽  
Koffi Marcellin Yao ◽  
Mariame Coulibaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Distribution, Pathogenicity, and Interactions of Two Strains of Rice yellow mottle virus in Forested and Savanna Zones of West Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N'Guessan ◽  
A. Pinel ◽  
A. A. Sy ◽  
A. Ghesquière ◽  
D. Fargette
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Rice Yellow Mottle Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
The West ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Yellow Mottle ◽  
The Impact

In Côte d'Ivoire, the S2 strain of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) predominated in the forested zones, including the “rice belt” to the west, in each of the cropping systems where rice was grown. The S1 strain occurred more frequently in the northern Guinean savanna, and only S1 isolates were found further north in the Sahelo-Soudanian zones. In mixed infection, S2 dominated over S1 both in viral capsid and RNA contents under temperature regimes encompassing those observed in savanna and forested zones of Côte d'Ivoire. There was no evidence of interactions in virus accumulation between the West African strains S1 or S2 with the more distantly related East African strain S4. Field trials emphasized the impact of RYMV, which induced yield losses of 40 to 60% in several widely grown cultivars of Oryza sativa indica and O. sativa japonica. We report the high resistance of the O. indica cv. Gigante under field conditions which was apparent with all the S1 and S2 isolates tested. Responses to RYMV infection of several cultivars were isolate dependent. With most differential cultivars, responses were not strain specific, with the exception of the O. japonica cv. Idsa6, in which the S2 isolates always induced higher yield losses than the S1 isolates.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids and Physicochemical Compositions of Dried and Roasted Blighia sapida Arils Oils (Ackee Apple) from Côte d’Ivoire

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Armelle Moya Felarry Hoba ◽  
Yolande Dogoré Digbeu ◽  
Siaka Binaté ◽  
Edmond Ahipo Dué ◽  
Lucien Patrice Kouamé
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blighia Sapida

In this work, comparative study of physicochemical properties and fatty acids of dried arils (DA) oil and those roasted (RA), of Blighia sapida from Côte d’Ivoire have been done using usual methods. The results showed that the crude fat obtained were 59.08± 0.02 g/100 g for dried arils (DA) and 60.51 ± 0.12 g/100 g for roasted arils (RA) respectively. Physicochemical properties of these oils were equal approximately, except level of saponification (241.19 mg KOH/g (DA) against 216.8 mg KOH/g (RA)); acid value (7 mg KOH/g (DA) and 6.28 mg KOH/g (RA)) and ester acid 234.19 mg KOH/g (DA) against 210.65 mg KOH/g (RA) where variances analysis showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05). On the other hand, refractive index, pH, moisture value, relative density and Free fatty acid were respectively; 1.465 (DA) and 1.475 (RA); 5.625 (DA) and 5.8 (RA); 1.757 (DA) and 1.9 (RA); 0.093 (DA) and 0.103 (RA), 3.52 mg KOH/g (DA) and 3.03 mg KOH/g (RA). The color of both oils was yellow. Fatty acid profile of these arils oils revealed that values of DA and RA were equal approximately (variances analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p<0.05)). These arils oils contained high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, 64.10 % (DA) and 65.17 % (RA), especially linolenic acid 20.02 mg/100 g (DA) and 22.18 mg/100 g (RA); linoleic acid 15.37 mg/100 g (DA) and 16.83 mg/100 g (RA) and Oleic acid 12.76 mg/100 g (DA) and 13.21 mg/100 g(RA). The saturated fatty Acids, accounted for 35.90% (DA) and 34.83% (RA) were constituted by palmitic acid with 18.02 mg/100 g (DA) and 18.11(RA) which were higher values. The values of stearic acid were 7.1 mg/100 g (DA) and 7.9 mg/100 g (RA) and 1.85 mg/100 g (AD) and 1.9 mg/100 g (RA) mg/100 g for myristic acid respectively. These results showed that the arils oils of Blighia sapida fruit from Côte d’Ivoire have highly nutritive fat content because rich in essentials fatty acids. These oils may be suitable for soap making and edible (margarine). The oils extracts exhibited good physicochemical properties and could be useful as edible oils and for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Analyse Qualitative Et Quantitative Des Alcaloïdes Pyrrolizidiniques Chez Quelques Asteraceae, Boraginaceae Et Leguminosae Utilisées En Médecine Traditionnelle En Côte d’Ivoire

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Kandé Brahima ◽  
Koné Mamidou Witabouna
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Trace Amount ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heliotropium Indicum

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are toxic for human and livestock. Several outbreaks in human intoxications were reported worldwide. This study aimed at assessing the presence and quantifying the PAs in some Asteraceae, Boraginaceae and Leguminosae used in traditional medicine in Côte d'Ivoire. TLC detection with Ehrlich reagent (method of Mattocks) and spectrophotometric dosage were used to analyze 21 plants species. All the studied plants showed at least trace amount of PAs except Caesalpinia bonduc, Parkia filicoidea and Pilostigma thonningii. The contents obtained ranged between 0.261 and 1.518 mg/ml. However, for the majority of the studied plant species, there was a significant difference between aqueous and methanol extracts. The richest species were Heliotropium indicum, Tridax procumbens and Vernonia colorata. The presence of PAs in the studied plants is an indication of people exposure to probable toxicity. This raises the need for an evaluation of the risk related to the consumption of such medicinal plants in Côte d'Ivoire.

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