Measuring the Impact of Preschools in Lower-Income Countries: Experimental Evidence from Côte d’Ivoire

Author(s):  
Bastien Michel
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Cock

Abstract Writing about Zophopetes cerymica (which they considered more common) and P. laufella combined, Mariau and Morin (1974) state that attacks can be on palms of all ages, including young palms recently planted out. At this age, defoliation of the plants delays their subsequent development. Outbreaks on older trees are rarer, and the damage often less important; these attacks are generally localized at the edge of plantations. Mariau et al. (1981) add that the highest fronds are the most often damaged. Herder et al. (1994) refer to regular outbreaks of P. laufella on oil palm in southern Côte d'Ivoire. There are no more substantive reports on the impact of the feeding damage by these hesperiids.


2019 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 1158-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Mason ◽  
Zofia Baumann ◽  
Gunnar Hansen ◽  
Koffi Marcellin Yao ◽  
Mariame Coulibaly ◽  
...  

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N'Guessan ◽  
A. Pinel ◽  
A. A. Sy ◽  
A. Ghesquière ◽  
D. Fargette

In Côte d'Ivoire, the S2 strain of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) predominated in the forested zones, including the “rice belt” to the west, in each of the cropping systems where rice was grown. The S1 strain occurred more frequently in the northern Guinean savanna, and only S1 isolates were found further north in the Sahelo-Soudanian zones. In mixed infection, S2 dominated over S1 both in viral capsid and RNA contents under temperature regimes encompassing those observed in savanna and forested zones of Côte d'Ivoire. There was no evidence of interactions in virus accumulation between the West African strains S1 or S2 with the more distantly related East African strain S4. Field trials emphasized the impact of RYMV, which induced yield losses of 40 to 60% in several widely grown cultivars of Oryza sativa indica and O. sativa japonica. We report the high resistance of the O. indica cv. Gigante under field conditions which was apparent with all the S1 and S2 isolates tested. Responses to RYMV infection of several cultivars were isolate dependent. With most differential cultivars, responses were not strain specific, with the exception of the O. japonica cv. Idsa6, in which the S2 isolates always induced higher yield losses than the S1 isolates.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. p141
Author(s):  
ASSAMOI Seraphim Desire

The inclusion of education in post-conflict reconstruction in a transitional justice process goes far beyond physical construction and educational facilities to become part of national educational planning and policy. The issue of education in post-conflict periods is at the level of the national education system in general and of educational policies and strategies in particular. In Côte d’Ivoire, as in other countries emerging from violent conflict, even if the issue of education can be identified in the structural and direct causes of the occurrence of conflicts, it must be recognized that the impact of these conflicts on education remains considerable at different levels. Thus, taking account of its consequences in post-conflict reconstruction in the context of transitional justice is of great interest both for its contribution to economic growth and for the promotion of fundamental human rights and social cohesion. A full involvement of education in the transitional justice process is a real potential for mutual reinforcement in the reconstruction process. Practical synergies between education and transitional justice call for closer collaboration between education and transitional justice actors.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouassi N’goran François ◽  
N’drin Beugré Anselme

The armed conflict that ravaged Côte d'Ivoire after the post-election crisis in november 2010 was sparked by several factors (land disputes, armed uprising of september 2002, tribal militias conquest of state power). In the regions of Guémon and Cavally that formed the epicenter of the war, intercommunal land disputes were instrumental in the outbreak of the war. These tensions between peasants have long caused confusion in the far west forest and contributed in part to the social division between indigenous and migrant communities. This qualitative study based on the phenomenological approach and firstly analyses the dynamics of these communal land disputes before the post-election crisis of 2010. Then, it situates the impact of these conflicts in the social division between communities.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (35) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Kouadio Kouassi Richard ◽  
Bakayoko Adama ◽  
N’guessan Kanga Anatole ◽  
Konan Djezou

Since thirty years, four Australian Acacias species are introduced and studied in Anguédédou Research station. The station research is located in evergreen forest in the south of Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of the introduction of these species, is to rehabilitate degraded grounds and fallow after growing. The study aims at appreciating the impact of Acacia species on floristic diversity and the regeneration of forest species. For collecting data, we use quadrat method (35 x 50 m and 6 x 6 m).This method permitted the inventory of 212 species on 1.05 ha. Among these species, 1.89 % are Ivorian endemic species and 11.32 % are endemic of West African flora. The flora under the different species of Acacia are relatively diversified and dense. The majority of plant inventoried under Acacia species have small diameters. The highest specific richness average per plots (36 m2) were noted in the 11 years old parcels of Acacia mangium (26.20±2.34) and 27 years old parcels of Acacia auriculaeformis (25.40±2.34) and Acacia crassicarpa (30.60±2.34). The mean values of diameters (dbh ≥ 2.5 cm) fluctuate from 2.94±0.56 cm for the 8 years old stands of Acacia mangium to 8.09±0.56 cm for the 27 years old settlements of Acacia crassicarpa. The results show that leguminous trees can be used for recolonization of the deforested areas in order to rebuild quickly their plant biodiversity.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Djessou Flore Marie Hélèna Epse Tra

The "new conflict" that emerged in the 90s, mainly in developing countries, is a major obstacle to improving health. Quantitative studies of the impact of armed conflict on maternal health indicators are still fragmentary and scarce. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the 2002 and the 2010 conflicts on maternal health in Côte d'Ivoire. In this study, we choose a particular type of health care service with assisted delivery in a health center. We use the parametric difference using the difference method to estimate our parameter of interest. Also, we use the propensity score technique and the standard error bootstrap technique to regulate some double difference hypotheses. In making our estimates, we use survey data including the MICS 2000 and 2006 and EDSCI 2012. Our results show that, globally, the crisis of 2002 had a negative effect on the use of assisted delivery in the CNO zone (Center North and West) (-0,708). The same is true for the post-election crisis (-0,514). On the other hand, in South and Abidjan zone, the 2002 crisis had no significant effect, while that of the 2010 crisis had a positive effect (+0,628). The conflicts of 2002 and 2010 therefore constituted a major impediment to access to maternal health care services for households living in CNO zone.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arsène Kouassi Kra ◽  
Géraldine Colin ◽  
Papa Moussa Diop ◽  
Arlette Simo Fotso ◽  
Nicolas Rouveau ◽  
...  

Background: The ATLAS program promotes and implements HIVST in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal. Priority groups include members of key populations—female sex workers (FSW), men having sex with men (MSM), and people who use drugs (PWUD)—and their partners and relatives. HIVST distribution activities, which began in mid-2019, were impacted in early 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This article, focusing only on outreach activities among key populations, analyzes quantitative, and qualitative program data collected during implementation to examine temporal trends in HIVST distribution and their evolution in the context of the COVID-19 health crisis. Specifically, we investigated the impact on, the adaptation of and the disruption of field activities.Results: In all three countries, the pre-COVID-19 period was marked by a gradual increase in HIVST distribution. The period corresponding to the initial emergency response (March-May 2020) witnessed an important disruption of activities: a total suspension in Senegal, a significant decline in Côte d'Ivoire, and a less pronounced decrease in Mali. Secondary distribution was also negatively impacted. Peer educators showed resilience and adapted by relocating from public to private areas, reducing group sizes, moving night activities to the daytime, increasing the use of social networks, integrating hygiene measures, and promoting assisted HIVST as an alternative to conventional rapid testing. From June 2020 onward, with the routine management of the COVID-19 pandemic, a catch-up phenomenon was observed with the resumption of activities in Senegal, the opening of new distribution sites, a rebound in the number of distributed HIVST kits, a resurgence in larger group activities, and a rebound in the average number of distributed HIVST kits per primary contact.Conclusions: Although imperfect, the program data provide useful information to describe changes in the implementation of HIVST outreach activities over time. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIVST distribution among key populations was visible in the monthly activity reports. Focus groups and individual interviews allowed us to document the adaptations made by peer educators, with variations across countries and populations. These adaptations demonstrate the resilience and learning capacities of peer educators and key populations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Innocent Koffi ◽  
H. Dibi N’Da ◽  
Kouakou G. C. Douffi ◽  
Koffi F. Kouamé ◽  
Brou E. Koffi

Like Côte d’Ivoire forest area, Abengourou department has not escaped anthropic pressure. The forest in this area was the scene of intense Cocoa farming activities. However, due to the weaknesses and constraints observed in the Cocoa sector, it has been seen that from years 1990 - 2000, most of the farmers have abandoned their Cocoa farms in favor of a gradual conversion in Rubber farming. In fact, this crop is considered to be a new booming income crop that tends to improve and guarantee the farmer’s life quality. This situation leads to an amalgam for the growing of Cocoa or Rubber. This study aims to determine the impact of Cocoa and Rubber farms on the farmer’s life quality in Abengourou (Côte d’Ivoire). Thus, field missions, documents analyze and directive surveys of farmers, cartographic and statistical processing have made it possible to establish correlations between Rubber tree or Cocoa farming and the farmer’s life quality. It follows from the correlations, that after analysis, the Rubber tree would have a positive influence on the farmer’s life quality than Cocoa. Moreover, Human Development Index (HDI) was measured respectively between the Cocoa and Rubber growers in the study area. The HDI of the Cocoa farmers is 0.455 and that of Rubber is estimated to 0.461. So, it is confirmed from these analyses that, in 2016, the growing of Rubber improves the farmer’s life quality more than that of Cocoa in the study area.


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