scholarly journals Biocementation Mediated By Stimulated Ureolytic Microbes From Brahmaputra Riverbank For Mitigation of Soil Erosion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Aishwarya Dubey ◽  
K Ravi ◽  
Abhijit Mukherjee ◽  
Lingaraj Sahoo ◽  
Abiala Moses Akindele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Sporosarcina Pasteurii ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Needle Penetration ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Enriched Cultures ◽  
Needle Penetration Index

Abstract Riverbank erosion is a global problem with significant socio-economic impacts. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has recently emerged as a promising technology for improving the mechanical properties of soils. The presented study investigates the potential of native calcifying bacterial communities of the Brahmaputra riverbank for the first time via biostimulation and explores its effect on the mitigation of soil erosion. The ureolytic and calcium carbonate cementation ability of the enriched cultures were investigated with reference to the standard calcifying culture of Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC 11859). 16S rRNA analysis revealed Firmicutes to be the most predominant calcifying class with Sporosarcina pasteurii and Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis as the prevalent strains. The morphological and mineralogical characterization of carbonate crystals confirmed the calcite precipitation potential of these communities. The erosion resistance of soil treated with native calcifying communities was examined via needle penetration and lab-scale flume erosion test. We found a substantial reduction in soil erosion in the biocemented sample with calcite content of 7.3% and needle penetration index of 16 N/mm. We report cementation potential of biostimulated ureolytic cultures for a cost-competitive and environmentally-conscious alternative to current erosion mitigation practices.

scholarly journals Biocementation mediated by native microbes from Brahmaputra riverbank for mitigation of soil erodibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Aishwarya Dubey ◽  
K. Ravi ◽  
Abhijit Mukherjee ◽  
Lingaraj Sahoo ◽  
Moses Akindele Abiala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Sporosarcina Pasteurii ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Needle Penetration ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Enriched Cultures ◽  
Needle Penetration Index

AbstractRiverbank erosion is a global problem with significant socio-economic impacts. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has recently emerged as a promising technology for improving the mechanical properties of soils. The present study investigates the potential of selectively enriched native calcifying bacterial community and its supplementation into the riverbank soil of the Brahmaputra river for reducing the erodibility of the soil. The ureolytic and calcium carbonate cementation abilities of the enriched cultures were investigated with reference to the standard calcifying culture of Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC 11859). 16S rRNA analysis revealed Firmicutes to be the most predominant calcifying class with Sporosarcina pasteurii and Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis as the prevalent strains. The morphological and mineralogical characterization of carbonate crystals confirmed the calcite precipitation potential of these communities. The erodibility of soil treated with native calcifying communities was examined via needle penetration and lab-scale hydraulic flume test. We found a substantial reduction in soil erosion in the biocemented sample with a calcite content of 7.3% and needle penetration index of 16 N/mm. We report the cementation potential of biostimulated ureolytic cultures for minimum intervention to riparian biodiversity for an environmentally conscious alternative to current erosion mitigation practices.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Management on Erosion in Mountain Vineyards (N-W Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1991
Author(s):  
Silvia Stanchi ◽  
Odoardo Zecca ◽  
Csilla Hudek ◽  
Emanuele Pintaldi ◽  
Davide Viglietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Ecosystem Services ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Management Approaches

We studied the effects of three soil management approaches (permanent grassing, chemical weeding, and buffer strips), and the additional impact of tractor passage on soil erosion in a sloping vineyard located in the inner part of Aosta Valley (N-W Italian Alps). The vineyard rows were equipped with a sediment collection system with channels and barrel tanks. A total of 12 events with sediment production were observed across 6 years, and the collected sediments were weighted and analyzed. Average erosion rates ranged from negligible (mainly in grassed rows) to 1.1 t ha−1 per event (after weeding). The most erosive event occurred in July 2015, with a total rainfall of 32.2 mm, of which 20.1 were recorded in 1 h. Despite the limited number of erosive events observed, and the low measured erosion rates, permanent grassing reduced soil erosion considerably with respect to weeding; buffering had a comparable effect to grassing. The tractor passage, independent of the soil management approaches adopted, visibly accelerated the erosion process. The collected sediments were highly enriched in organic C, total N, and fine size fractions, indicating a potential loss of fertility over time. Despite the measured erosion rates being low over the experiment’s duration, more severe events are well documented in the recent past, and the number of intense storms is likely to increase due to climate change. Thus, the potential effects of erosion in the medium and long term need to be limited to a minimum rate of soil loss. Our experiment helped to compare soil losses by erosion under different soil management practices, including permanent grassing, i.e., a nature-based erosion mitigation measure. The results of the research can provide useful indications for planners and practitioners in similar regions, for sustainable, cross-sectoral soil management, and the enhancement of soil ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Use of Air-Based Photogrammetry for Soil Erosion Assessment

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Marx L. N. Silva ◽  
Bernardo M. Cândido ◽  
John N. Quinton ◽  
Michael R. James
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Soil Erosion Assessment

Water erosion affects all types of soils around the world at different intensities. However, in the tropics, water-based processes are the most important of the erosion processes and have received much attention in the last decades. Understanding and quantifying the processes involved in each type of water erosion (sheet, rill and gully erosion) is key to developing and managing soil conservation and erosion mitigation strategies. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry for soil erosion assessment, as well as to address some gaps in our understanding of the evolution of erosive processes. For the first time, we used a UAV-SfM technique to evaluate the relative contribution of different types of erosion (sheet, rill and gully sidewall) in gully development. This was possible due to the millimetric level of precision of the point clouds produced, which allowed us to evaluate the contribution of laminar erosion as a new component to gullies studies. As a result, it was possible to quantify sediment volumes stored in the channels and lost from the gully system, as well as to determine the main sediment sources. The UAV-SfM proved to be effective for detailed gully monitoring, with the results suggesting that the main source of sediments in the gully was mass movement, followed by rills and sheet erosion. Our findings support the use of UAV-based photogrammetry as a sufficiently precise tool for detecting soil surface change, which can be used to assess water erosion in its various forms. In addition, UAV-SfM has proven to be a very useful technique for monitoring soil erosion over time, especially in hard-to-reach areas.

Corn (Zea mays L.) Stalk Geotextile Net for Soil Erosion Mitigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
Cristina S. Decano ◽  
◽  
Vitaliana U. Malamug ◽  
Melissa E. Agulto ◽  
Helen F. Gavino
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Erosion Mitigation

scholarly journals The effect of natural infrastructure on water erosion mitigation in the Andes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerle Vanacker ◽  
Armando Molina ◽  
Miluska Rosas-Barturen ◽  
Vivien Bonnesoeur ◽  
Francisco Román-Dañobeytia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Loss Rates

Abstract. Soil erosion by water is affecting natural and anthropogenic environments through its impacts on water quality and availability, loss of soil nutrients, flood risk, sedimentation in rivers and streams, and damage to civil infrastructure. Sustainable management aims to avoid, reduce and reverse soil erosion and can provide multiple benefits for the environment, population, and livelihoods. We conducted a systematic review of 121 case studies from the Andes to answer the following questions: (1) Which erosion indicators allow us to assess the effectiveness of natural infrastructure? (2) What is the overall impact of working with natural infrastructure on on-site and off-site erosion mitigation? and (3) Which locations and types of studies are needed to fill critical gaps in knowledge and research? Three major categories of natural infrastructure were considered: protective vegetation, soil and water conservation measures, and adaptation measures that regulate the flow and transport of water. From the suite of physical, chemical and biological indicators commonly used in soil erosion research, two indicators were particularly relevant: soil organic carbon (SOC) of topsoil, and soil loss rates at the plot scale. In areas with protective vegetation and/or soil and water conservation measures, the SOC of topsoil is –on average– 1.3 to 2.8 times higher than in areas under traditional agriculture. Soil loss rates in areas with natural infrastructure were reported to be 38 % to 54 % lower than rates measured in untreated croplands. Further research is needed to evaluate whether the reported effectiveness holds during extreme events related to, for example, El Niño–Southern Oscillation.

scholarly journals Application of cellulosic fiber in soil erosion mitigation: Prospect and challenges

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 4474-4522
Author(s):  
M. I. Syakir ◽  
Yazan Al Manasir ◽  
Nurin Syahindah Syasya Nor Ashikin ◽  
Shaiful Yusuff ◽  
Mark Zuknik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Adhesive Interactions

The agricultural industry is one of the main economic contributors in developing countries, especially in tropical regions. Extensive land clearing has led to severe erosion within the watersheds, which increases the vulnerability of water catchments to natural disasters, such as floods. Cellulosic fibers, such as jute, sisal, kenaf, hemp, and coir, are gaining increasing worldwide attention for their potential application in controlling soil erosion, principally due to their remarkable biodegradable and physical properties. Nonetheless, the research on biocomposites in controlling soil erosion is limited compared to the natural fibers. This is perhaps due to poor availability and high cost of biodegradable polymers compared to natural fibers, which are abundant and inexpensive. Poor adhesive interactions between the matrix and natural fibers due to the hydrophilic characteristic of the fibers is another major drawback that limits the development of biocomposites for controlling soil erosion.

Does culture affect soil erosion? Empirical evidence from Europe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wuepper
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Control Function Approach ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract I investigate whether cultural differences explain why some European regions are more effective in mitigating soil erosion than others. Specifically, I consider environmental preferences and beliefs as well as time preferences. For causal identification, I use a control function approach. The estimates suggest that a 1 standard deviation increase in pro-environmental culture increases erosion mitigation by 2–9 percentage points. This has important implications for research and policy making, which I discuss.

Natural infrastructure interventions and their effect on soil erosion mitigation in the Andes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Molina ◽  
Veerle Vanacker ◽  
Miluska Rosas-Barturen ◽  
Boris Ochoa-Tocachi ◽  
Vivien Bonnesoeur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Andes Region ◽  
Soil And Water

<p>The Andes region is prone to soil erosion because of its steep topographic relief, high spatio-temporal variability in precipitation and heterogeneity in lithological strength. Soil erosion by water is affecting natural and anthropogenic environments through its impacts on water quality and availability, loss of soil nutrients, flood risk, sedimentation in rivers and streams, and damage to civil infrastructure. Sustainable land and water management, referred here as natural infrastructure interventions, aims to avoid, reduce and reverse soil erosion and can provide multiple benefits for the environment, population and livelihoods. In this study, we present a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature involving more than 120 local case-studies from the Andes. Three major categories of natural infrastructure interventions were considered: protective vegetation, soil and water conservation measures, and adaptation measures that regulate the flow and transport of water. The analysis was designed to answer the following research questions: (1) Which soil erosion indicators allow us to assess the effectiveness of natural infrastructure interventions across the Andean range? (2) What is the overall impact of implementing natural infrastructure interventions for on-site and off-site erosion mitigation?</p><p>The systematic review shows that the effectiveness of protective vegetation on soil erosion mitigation is the most commonly studied characteristic, accounting for more than half of the empirical studies. From the suite of physical, chemical and biological indicators that were commonly used in soil erosion research, our review identified two indicators to be particularly suitable for the analyses of the effectiveness of natural infrastructure interventions: soil organic carbon (SOC) of the topsoil, and soil loss rates at plot scale. The implementation of soil and water conservation measures in areas under traditional agriculture had positive effects on SOC (1.28 to 1.29 times higher SOC than in agricultural land). Soil loss rates were 54% lower when implementing SWC than on cropland. When implementing SWC in rangeland, the data indicated an increase in soil loss rate by 1.54 times. Untreated degraded land is reported to have significantly higher soil loss and specific sediment yield compared to cropland.</p><p>The results of this systematic review allows to assess the overall effectiveness of commonly used natural infrastructure interventions, which can guide policy and decision making in the Andes. Similarly, the review identified critical gaps in knowledge that must be attended by more comprehensive research to consider the high spatiotemporal variability of the Andes region.</p>

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