scholarly journals Diverse recruitment to a globally structured atmospheric microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Archer ◽  
Kevin Lee ◽  
Tancredi Caruso ◽  
Marcus Leung ◽  
Xinzhao Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Ecosystem Connectivity ◽  
Fungal Assemblages ◽  
Survival In Air ◽  
Stochastic Assembly ◽  
Globally Distributed

Abstract Atmospheric transport is critical to dispersal of microorganisms between habitats and this underpins resilience in terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally. A key unresolved question is whether microorganisms assemble to form a taxonomically distinct, geographically variable, and functionally adapted atmospheric microbiome. Here we characterised globalscale patterns of microbial taxonomic and functional diversity in air within and above the atmospheric boundary layer and in underlying soils. Bacterial and fungal assemblages in air were taxonomically structured and deviated significantly from purely stochastic assembly. Patterns differed with location and reflected underlying surface cover and environmental filtering. Source-tracking indicated a complex recruitment process involving local soils plus globally distributed inputs from drylands and the phyllosphere. Assemblages displayed stressresponse and metabolic traits relevant to survival in air, and taxonomic and functional diversity were correlated with macroclimate and atmospheric variables. Our findings highlight complexity in the atmospheric microbiome that is key to understanding regional and global ecosystem connectivity.

scholarly journals Diverse recruitment to a taxonomically structured global atmospheric microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Archer ◽  
Kevin Lee ◽  
Tancredi Caruso ◽  
Marcus Leung ◽  
Xinzhao Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Ecosystem Connectivity ◽  
Fungal Assemblages ◽  
Survival In Air ◽  
Stochastic Assembly ◽  
Globally Distributed

Abstract Atmospheric transport is critical to dispersal of microorganisms between habitats and this underpins resilience in terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally. A key unresolved question is whether microorganisms assemble to form a taxonomically distinct, geographically variable, and functionally adapted atmospheric microbiota. Here we characterised inter-continental patterns of microbial taxonomic and functional diversity in air within and above the atmospheric boundary layer and in underlying soils for 596 globally sourced samples. Bacterial and fungal assemblages in air were taxonomically structured and deviated significantly from purely stochastic assembly. Patterns differed with location and reflected underlying surface cover and environmental filtering. Source-tracking indicated a complex recruitment process involving local soils plus globally distributed inputs from drylands and the phyllosphere. Assemblages displayed stress-response and metabolic traits relevant to survival in air, and taxonomic and functional diversity were correlated with macroclimate and atmospheric variables. Our findings highlight complexity in the atmospheric microbiota that is key to understanding regional and global ecosystem connectivity.

scholarly journals Diverse recruitment to a globally structured atmospheric microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Archer ◽  
Kevin Lee ◽  
Tancredi Caruso ◽  
Marcus Leung ◽  
Xinzhao Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Ecosystem Connectivity ◽  
Survival In Air ◽  
Stochastic Assembly ◽  
Analytical Frameworks ◽  
Globally Distributed

Abstract Atmospheric transport is critical to dispersal of microorganisms between habitats and this underpins resilience in terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally 1,2. Conventional dogma that this is a neutral process involving ubiquitous distribution in air has been challenged by recent advances 3–5. However, the lack of standardized methods and analytical frameworks have impeded synthesis and global perspective. A key unresolved question is whether microorganisms assemble to form a taxonomically distinct, geographically variable and functionally adapted atmospheric microbiome. Here we characterized global-scale patterns of microbial taxonomic and functional diversity in air within and above the atmospheric boundary layer and in underlying soils. Bacterial and fungal assemblages in air were taxonomically structured and deviated significantly from purely stochastic assembly processes. Fungi dominated above tropical, temperate and continental biomes whilst bacteria did so above oceans and drylands. At high altitudes bacterial diversity declined but fungal diversity was greatest. Source-tracking indicated a complex recruitment process involving local soils plus globally distributed inputs from drylands and the phyllosphere. Assemblages displayed stress-response and metabolic traits relevant to survival in air, and taxonomic and functional diversity were correlated with macroclimate and atmospheric variables. Our findings highlight a structured global atmospheric microbiome that is central to understanding regional and global ecosystem connectivity.

scholarly journals Dung Beetles along a Tropical Altitudinal Gradient: Environmental Filtering on Taxonomic and Functional Diversity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e0157442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio Alencar Nunes ◽  
Rodrigo Fagundes Braga ◽  
José Eugênio Cortes Figueira ◽  
Frederico de Siqueira Neves ◽  
G. Wilson Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Dung Beetles

The effect of environmental filtering on variation in functional diversity along a tropical elevational gradient

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ding ◽  
Runguo Zang ◽  
Xinghui Lu ◽  
Jihong Huang ◽  
Yue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Elevational Gradient

scholarly journals Robust host source tracking building on the divergent and non-stochastic assembly of gut microbiome in wild and farmed large yellow croaker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Ze-Zhou Jing ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Yuan-Rong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Large Yellow Croaker ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Wild Stock ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Stochastic Assembly

Abstract BackgroundRevealing the potential divergence of gut microbiome between farmed and wild fishes, and its underlying mechanism are informative to improve its mariculture, as well as establish the molecular marker of host source tracking, which is an alternative to the yet-to-be-established host genetic marker. A candidate for testing the feasibility is the large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea , which is carnivorous and ranking the top maricultural fish in China with depleted wild resource and frequently farmed individuals escaping and fry releasing for wild stock enhancement. ResultsThe rectums of wild (n=212) and farmed (n=79) individuals from multiple batches were collected for the profiling of gut bacterial communities. The farmed individuals had a higher alpha diversity and lower bacterial loading than the wild individuals. The gut microbiota of the two sources exhibited divergence and high inter-batch variation, featured by the dominance of Psychrobacter spp. in the wild group. Predicted function of gut microbiome and representative isolates suggested that diet could be a key factor for the divergence, which was linked to the high ratio and diverse source of carbohydrate in formulated feed and low pH of rectum contents in farmed fishes. The non-stochastic distribution patterns of the core gut microbiota of the wild and farmed individuals indicated the feasibility of microbiota-based host source tracking through machine learning algorithm. Random forest classifier building on the divergence and non-stochastic assembly of gut microbiome was robust in host source tracking for individuals from all batches including a newly introduced batch. ConclusionsOur study revealed the divergence of the gut microbiota between wild and farmed croakers and suggested that diet change is an underlying key factor for the divergence. As the first time, we verified that with less biased datasets and non-stochastic pattern, gut microbiota can be robustly applied to the tracking of host source even in carnivorous fish.

scholarly journals Do forest over- and understory respond to the same environmental variables when viewed at the taxonomic and trait level?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Helsen ◽  
Yeng-Chen Shen ◽  
Tsung-Yi Lin ◽  
Chien-Fan Chen ◽  
Chu-Mei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Soil Variation

While the relative importance of climate filtering is known to be higher for woody species assemblages than herbaceous assemblage, it remains largely unexplored whether this pattern is also reflected between the woody overstory and herbaceous understory of forests. While climatic variation will be more buffered by the tree layer, the understory might also respond more to small-scale soil variation, next to experiencing additional environmental filtering due to the overstory's effects on light and litter quality. For (sub)tropical forests, the understory often contains a high proportion of fern and lycophyte species, for which environmental filtering is even less well understood. We explored the proportional importance of climate proxies and soil variation on the species, functional trait and (functional) diversity patterns of both the forest overstory and fern and lycophyte understory along an elevational gradient from 850 to 2100 m a.s.l. in northern Taiwan. We selected nine functional traits expected to respond to soil nutrient or climatic stress for this study and furthermore verified whether they were positively related across vegetation layers, as expected when driven by similar environmental drivers. We found that climate was a proportionally more important predictor than soil for the species composition of both vegetation layers and trait composition of the understory. The stronger than expected proportional effect of climate for the understory was likely due to fern and lycophytes' higher vulnerability to drought, while the high importance of soil for the overstory seemed driven by deciduous species. The environmental drivers affected different response traits in both vegetation layers, however, which together with additional overstory effects on understory traits, resulted in a strong disconnection of community-level trait values across layers. Interestingly, species and functional diversity patterns could be almost exclusively explained by climate effects for both vegetational layers, with the exception of understory species richness. This study illustrates that environmental filtering can differentially affect species, trait and diversity patterns and can be highly divergent for forest overstory and understory vegetation, and should consequently not be extrapolated across vegetation layers or between composition and diversity patterns.

scholarly journals Functional Diversity in Ferns Is Driven by Species Richness Rather Than by Environmental Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Aros-Mualin ◽  
Sarah Noben ◽  
Dirk N. Karger ◽  
César I. Carvajal-Hernández ◽  
Laura Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Acquisition Strategies ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices

Functional traits determine how species interact with their abiotic and biotic environment. In turn, functional diversity describes how assemblages of species as a whole are adapted to their environment, which also determines how they might react to changing conditions. To fully understand functional diversity, it is fundamental to (a) disentangle the influences of environmental filtering and species richness from each other, (b) assess if the trait space saturates at high levels of species richness, and (c) understand how changes in species numbers affect the relative importance of the trait niche expansion and packing. In the present study, we determined functional diversity of fern assemblages by describing morphological traits related to resource acquisition along four tropical elevational transects with different environmental conditions and species richness. We used several functional diversity indices and their standardized effect size to consider different aspects of functional diversity. We contrasted these aspects of functional diversity with climate data and species richness using linear models and linear mixed models. Our results show that functional morphological trait diversity was primarily driven by species richness and only marginally by environmental conditions. Moreover, increasing species richness contributed progressively to packing of the morphological niche space, while at the same time decreasing morphological expansion until a saturation point was reached. Overall, our findings suggest that the density of co-occurring species is the fundamental driving force of morphological niche structure, and environmental conditions have only an indirect influence on fern resource acquisition strategies.

scholarly journals Environmental filtering limits functional diversity during succession in a seasonally wet tropical secondary forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Craven ◽  
Jefferson S. Hall ◽  
Graeme P. Berlyn ◽  
Mark S. Ashton ◽  
Michiel van Breugel
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Tropical Secondary Forest

scholarly journals Informing trait-based ecology by assessing remotely sensed functional diversity across a broad tropical temperature gradient

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. eaaw8114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Durán ◽  
Roberta E. Martin ◽  
Sandra Díaz ◽  
Brian S. Maitner ◽  
Yadvinder Malhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Scale Dependency ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Foliar Traits

Spatially continuous data on functional diversity will improve our ability to predict global change impacts on ecosystem properties. We applied methods that combine imaging spectroscopy and foliar traits to estimate remotely sensed functional diversity in tropical forests across an Amazon-to-Andes elevation gradient (215 to 3537 m). We evaluated the scale dependency of community assembly processes and examined whether tropical forest productivity could be predicted by remotely sensed functional diversity. Functional richness of the community decreased with increasing elevation. Scale-dependent signals of trait convergence, consistent with environmental filtering, play an important role in explaining the range of trait variation within each site and along elevation. Single- and multitrait remotely sensed measures of functional diversity were important predictors of variation in rates of net and gross primary productivity. Our findings highlight the potential of remotely sensed functional diversity to inform trait-based ecology and trait diversity-ecosystem function linkages in hyperdiverse tropical forests.

scholarly journals Trait-based community assembly of epiphytic diatoms in saline astatic ponds: a test of the stress-dominance hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Ács ◽  
Angéla Földi ◽  
Csaba Ferenc Vad ◽  
Zsuzsa Trábert ◽  
Keve Tihamér Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Limiting Similarity ◽  
Epiphytic Diatoms ◽  
Assembly Rule ◽  
Trait Convergence ◽  
Diatom Communities

Abstract The stress dominance hypothesis (SDH) postulates that strong environmental gradients drive trait convergence in communities over limiting similarity. Previous studies, conducted mostly with terrestrial plant communities, found controversial evidence for this prediction. We provide here the first test for SDH for epiphytic diatoms. We studied community assembly in diatom communities of astatic ponds. These water bodies serve as a good model system for testing SDH because they exhibit stress gradients of various environmental factors. Functional diversity of diatom communities was assessed based on four traits: (1) combined trait reflecting the trade-off between stress tolerance and competitive dominance, (2) cell size, (3) oxygen requirement and (4) N-uptake strategy. According to our results, salinity, pH and the width of the macrophyte belt appeared as significant predictors of the trait convergence/divergence patterns presumably acting through influencing the availability of carbon dioxide and turbidity. Lower trait diversity was found in turbid, more saline and more alkaline ponds and functional diversity was higher in transparent, less saline and less alkaline ponds. Overall, our results supported the stress dominance hypothesis. In habitats representing increased environmental stress, environmental filtering was the most important community assembly rule, while limiting similarity became dominant under more favourable conditions.

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