A Novel Technology for Processing Urban Waste Compost as a Fast-Releasing Nitrogen Source to Improve Soil Properties and Broccoli and Lettuce Production

Abstract Purpose: This study evaluated nitrogen (N) mineralization dynamics in three soils after the addition of heat-treated urban waste amendments or urban waste compost (UWC). The effects of UWC and urea on soil properties and broccoli and lettuce production were compared. Methods: The first N mineralization experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement (4 × 3), as a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates. Four UWC doses: 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0 mg dm-3 were applied to three soils: sandy Ustoxic Quartzipsamment (QS), intermediate-texture red Ultisol (US), and clayey red Oxisol (OS), during eight incubation periods (0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days). In the second experiment, the effects of UWC and urea fertilizer on soil properties were compared. The growth of broccoli and lettuce plants was evaluated (experiments 3 and 4). The treatments (Experiments 2–4) followed a factorial arrangement (4 × 2; RCBD; three replicates), using OS soil. Four N doses (as for experiment 1) were combined with two N sources (UWC and urea). Results: The processed UWC application proportionally increased the N mineralization rate by 72% in QS, 54% in US, and 66% in OS. Furthermore, UWC application enhanced soil properties (pH and nutrient availability), compared with urea fertilizer, and improved N uptake, resulting in higher fresh biomass production in broccoli and lettuce plants (50.0 and 37.5 mg dm-3, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that heat-treated UWC is an economical, viable, and efficient fertilizer to improve soil properties and short-cycle vegetable crop productivity.

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Effect of Seed Distribution and Population on Maize (Zea maysL.) Grain Yield

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2014/125258 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bee Khim Chim ◽

Peter Omara ◽

Natasha Macnack ◽

Jeremiah Mullock ◽

Sulochana Dhital ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Seed Distribution ◽

Treatment Structure ◽

Number Of Seeds

Maize planting is normally accomplished by hand in the developing world where two or more seeds are placed per hill with a heterogeneous plant spacing and density. To understand the interaction between seed distribution and distance between hills, experiments were established in 2012 and 2013 at Lake Carl Blackwell (LCB) and Efaw Agronomy Research Stations, near Stillwater, OK. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications and 9 treatments and a factorial treatment structure of 1, 2, and 3 seeds per hill using interrow spacing of 0.16, 0.32, and 0.48 m. Data for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), grain yield, and grain N uptake were collected. Results showed that, on average, NDVI and IPAR increased with number of seeds per hill and decreased with increasing plant spacing. In three of four site-years, planting 1 or 2 seeds per hill, 0.16 m apart, increased grain yield and N uptake. Over sites, planting 1 seed, every 0.16 m, increased yields by an average of 1.15 Mg ha−1(range: 0.33 to 2.46 Mg ha−1) when compared to the farmer practice of placing 2 to 3 seeds per hill, every 0.48 m.

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Pengaruh Fungi Indigenous Toleran Zn terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Jagung di Media Tailing Steril

Jurnal Agro ◽

10.15575/157 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ratna Santi ◽

Benny Joy ◽

Regina Hindersah ◽

Dedi Nusyamsi

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Mine Tailings ◽

Block Design ◽

Microbial Populations ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Zn Concentration ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Fungal Inoculation

Keberadaan logam Zn dalam jumlah tertentu di tailing pasca tambang akan berdampak pada rendahnya populasi mikroba tanah dan menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman. Aplikasi pemanfaatan fungi indigenus dari lahan tercemar merupakan salah satu usaha dalam memperbaiki sifat tanah untuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inokulasi fungi dan toksisitas Zn terhadap pertumbuhan jagung pada fase VE-V9 di media tailing steril. Fungi diisolasi dari tailing lahan pasca penambangan timah di Sungailiat Bangka. Tiga isolat dari 15 isolat dipilih untuk pengujian pengaruh inokulasi fungi terhadap pertumbuhan jagung. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok(RAK) dua faktor dengan perlakuan jenis fungi dan konsentrasi Zn. Isolat yang digunakan toleran terhadap Zn pada konsentrasi 0-25 ppm dan mampu menghasilkan fitohormon. Hasil percobaan di rumah kaca menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi fungi nyata memperbaiki pertumbuhan jagung, dibandingkan tanpa inokulan. Serapan tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh isolat R 7J1, namun pertumbuhan jagung terbaik didapatkan dari inokulasi isolat B 2J1. The existence of Zn metal in a certain amount in the post tin mine tailings will result in low soil microbial populations and inhibit plant growth. Application of indigenous fungi utilization on contaminated land is one effort to improve soil properties for plant growth.This study aimed to determine the effect of inoculation of fungi and toxicity of zinc on the growth of corn in the phase of VE-V9 in sterile tailings medium. Fungi were isolated from post tin mining tailings tin lands in Bangka Sungailiat. Three isolates from 15 isolates were selected to test the effect of fungal inoculation on the growth of corn. Experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors with fungi and Zn concentration treatments.Tolerant isolates used were at a concentration of 0-25 ppm Zn and capable to produce phytohormones. Result of experiment in greenhouse showed that fungal inoculation substantially improved the growth of maize, compared with no inoculant.The highest uptake was shown by isolates of R 7J1, but the best corn growth inoculation isolates obtained from B 2J1.

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Increasing crop productivity in coastal areas by proper management of potassium fertilizers

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v26i2.25965 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 115-121

Author(s):

MG Kibria ◽

MF Haque ◽

MS Islam ◽

MA Hoque

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Land Preparation ◽

Efficient Management ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Muriate Of Potash

The field experiment was conducted to investigate the alleviation of the adverse effects of soil salinity in rice by efficient management of potassium fertilizers in coastal saline areas.The salt-sensitive (BRRI dhan28) and salt-tolerant (Binadhan-10) rice cultivars were used as test crops. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were thirteen treatment combinations viz. T0 (no K from MoP or SoP), T1 (K100 from MoP at final land preparation), T2 (K150 from MoP at final land preparation), T3 (K200 from MoP at final land preparation), T4 (K100 from MoP in two splits), T5 (K150 from MoP in two splits), T6 (K200 from MoP in two splits), T7 (K100 from SoP at final land preparation), T8 (K150 from SoP at final land preparation), T9 (K200 from SoP at final land preparation), T10 (K100 from SoP in two splits), T11 (K150 from SoP in two splits) and T12 (K200 from SoP in two splits). Muriate of potash (MoP) and sulphate of potash (SoP) were applied in two splits and during land preparation as per treatments. Binadhan-10 (salt-tolerant) rice producedhigher grain and straw yields than salt-sensitive (BRRI dhan28) one under saline conditions. Furthermore, application of potassium fertilizers resulted in significant increases growth, and grain and straw yields of both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars under saline conditions. The nutrient (NPS) uptake and K+/Na+ ratio increased in both rice cultivars by application of potassium fertilizers under saline conditions. The higher amount of yield as well as nutrient uptake of both rice cultivars was observed when SoP was applied either in land preparation or two split doses. The K+/Na+ ratio was found to be higher in T9 and T12 treatments in salt-sensitive cultivar whereas T2 and T3 treatments showed higher K+/Na+ ratio in grain and straw of salt-tolerant rice cultivar, respectively. Therefore, the present study suggests that rice productioncould be improved in saline areas through application of higher doses of potassium fertilizers particularly split application of sulphate of potash.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 115-121, 2015

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Increasing Cropping Intensity and Crop Productivity of Four Crops Based Mustard-Boro-T. Aus-T. Aman Cropping Pattern

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v24i1.55551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 109-117

Author(s):

A Barman ◽

S Shome ◽

MR Khatun ◽

MM Masud ◽

S Akther

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Cropping System ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Marginal Benefit ◽

Cropping Intensity ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Benefit Cost

A field trial on soil test based (STB) fertilizer doses was conducted during the year of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in Jashore region (AEZ-11) to find out the most suitable fertilizer doses for four crop based cropping pattern considering the agronomic feasibility and economic return of the system. The experiment consisted of eight different treatments viz. T1: 100% NPKSZnB (STB), T2: T1 + 25% N, T3: T1 + 25% NP, T4: T1 + 25% NK, T5:T1 + 25% PK, T6:T1 + 25% NPK, T7: 75% of T1, T8: Native fertility. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was followed. Data revealed that seed yield of mustard was remarkably influenced by fertilizer treatments while grain yield of other components of the cropping system was not affected significantly by the treatments except control or native fertility. It was observed that 25% more NPK over 100% STB dose provided the highest yield of all the component crops. The highest rice equivalent yield (3.34 t ha-1) was recorded from T6 and the lowest (1.88 t ha-1) from T8 treatment. Maximum gross return (Tk. 420000/ha) and marginal benefit cost ratio (4.08) were also obtained from T6 treatment. So, 25% NPK+ 100% STB dose of fertilizer could be followed for productive and remunerative rice based cropping system Mustard-Boro-T. Aus-T.Aman in AEZ-11. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 109-117

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Effects of Different Rates of Poultry Manure and Split Applications of Urea Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties, Growth, and Yield of Maize

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2020/4610515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Aruna Olasekan Adekiya ◽

Oluwaseyi Iyabo Ogunboye ◽

Babatunde Sunday Ewulo ◽

Adeniyi Olayanju

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Urea Fertilizer ◽

Initial Application ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

N Demand

During integrated nutrient management involving poultry manure (PM) and urea fertilizer (UF) for maize (Zea mays L.), it is necessary to investigate the best time to apply UF that will optimize soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. Hence, studies were carried out to investigate the effect of different rates of PM and single and split applications (SA) of UF on soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. The treatment involved three levels of PM (0.0, 4.0, and 8.0 t·ha−1) and four sets of periods of UF: (i) 0 kg N ha-1 (control), (ii) 120 kg N ha-1 applied at planting (AP), (iii) two SA of 120 kg N ha−1 (90 kg N ha-1 applied AP + 30 kg N ha-1 at thirty days after planting (DAP)), and (iv) three SA of 120 kg N ha-1 (60 kg N ha-1 applied AP + 30 kg N ha-1 thirty DAP + 30 kg N ha-1 at tasseling). The 12 treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. PM and UF alone and integrating UF with PM improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize compared with the control. SA of UF three times (60 + 30 + 30) had the most improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. Results also showed that maize yielded higher under UF integrated with PM compared with their sole forms. Application of 60 + 30+30 with 8 t ha−1PM (60 + 30+30 + 8 t ha−1PM) or with 4 t ha−1PM treatments showed the highest growth and yield of maize, but due to the bulkiness, handling challenges, and cost of PM, 60 + 30+30 + 4 t ha−1PM is recommended. Therefore, for better growth and yield of maize, after the initial application of PM, UF application should be split-applied in accordance with plant growth and the pattern of uptake to avoid losses by leaching and therefore ensured that N level in the soil is high at the critical stage of N demand.

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Interaction between thidiazuron and Azospirillum brasilense on yield characteristics and productivity of rice

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n4p244-249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 244-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernando de S. Buzo ◽

Lucas M. Garé ◽

Orivaldo Arf ◽

José R. Portugal ◽

Flavia C. Meirelles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Individual Effects ◽

Upland Rice Cultivar

ABSTRACT In rice, the use of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense has shown to be very useful for the crop, being able to increase the final productivity of the same or reduce the need for nitrogen in topdressing. It has recently been noted that there are other regulators that perform other functions, such as thidiazuron (TDZ), a cytokinin-like substance that has been shown to significantly increase upland rice productivity. Thus, the present work aimed to verify the effect of the interaction between the foliar application of A. brasilense and thidiazuron doses applied at the occasion of the tillering of the plants on the productive aspects and crop productivity. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural years of 2015/16 and 2016/17, at the UNESP Teaching, Research and Extension Farm belonging to the Engineering Faculty of Ilha Solteira - UNESP, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates. The treatments were the combination of the presence or absence of A. brasilense foliar application with doses of TDZ (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g ha-1) applied to upland rice cultivar BRS Esmeralda. Based on the results obtained for plant height, number of panicles per square meter, total number of grains and fertility of spikelets, mass of 100 grains and grain yield, it was concluded that, in the two agricultural years observed, there were no interaction and individual effects of the foliar application of the bacteria, and of the TDZ doses used at the time of tillering in the BRS Esmeralda cultivar.

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PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BLEWAH (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis L.) PADA TINGKAT PENJARANGAN BUAH DAN DOSIS PUPUK NPK BERBEDA

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.31186/jipi.23.2.72-77 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

Lusiana Septiriyani ◽

Mohammad Chozin ◽

Yulian Yulian

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Cucumis Melo ◽

Block Design ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Fruit Thinning ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Experimental Plots

[PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF CANTALOUPE AT DIFFERENT RATES OF FRUIT THINNING AND NPK FERTILIZER APPLICATION]. Productivity and fruit quality of cantaloupe depend on the availability of nutrients and the number of fruits maintained. The aim of this study was to compare the productivity and fruit quality of cantaloupe at different rates of fruit thinning and NPK fertilizer application. The research was conducted in August-October 2020 on street Kapuas V, Lingkar Barat Village, Gading Cempaka District, Bengkulu city. A field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications for alloting two factorial treatments structure, namely rates of fruit thinning (no fruit thinning, thinned to one fruit /plant, thinned to two fruits/plant, and thinned to three fruits/plant) and rates of NPK fertilizer application (400, 600, and 800 kg/ha) on rhe experimental plots. The results showed that fruit thinnings resulted no increament in crop productivity, but the fruit quality was improved as fewer number of fruits were retained on each plant. The NPK fertilizer at 400, 600, and 800 kg/ha were not able to increase the productivity of cantaloupe and the quality of the produced fruit when the application were made only at planting and 23 days after planting.

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Response of sweetpotato to the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in marginal upland

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr4011.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Berta Ratilla ◽

Jay-Ar Bagarinao ◽

Othello Capuno

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Root Yield ◽

Combined Application ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Control Root ◽

Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Marginal uplands are characterized by low soil fertility and crop productivity. To alleviate the problem, organic amendments combined with inorganic fertilizer were tested to assess their effects on the growth and yield performance of sweetpotato; determine the option treatment combination; and assess the soil physicochemical properties. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely: T0 = (0-0-0); T1 = 1 t ha-1 Evans + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2 = 1 t ha-1 Wellgrow + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3 = 15 t ha-1 chicken dung alone; T4 = 10 t ha-1 chicken dung + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5 = 15 t ha-1 Vermicast alone; and T6 = 10 t ha-1 Vermicast + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of 10 t ha-1 of either chicken dung or vermicast plus 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 in Inopacan, Leyte produced higher total root yield over the control. Root yield during the second cropping greatly increased to 16.19 t ha-1 which is almost 3 times higher than the first crop when 15 t ha-1 chicken dung alone (T3) was used. In Sta. Rita, Samar, most of the growth, yield, and yield parameters of sweetpotato were not affected by the treatments. Moreover, only a slight improvement in soil properties was noted.

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Effect of Integrated Farmyard Manure and NP Fertilizers Use on Hybrid Maize Yield and Soil Properties in Western Ethiopia

Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.18034/mjmbr.v7i1.489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 49-58

Author(s):

Bekele Gemechu

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Block Design ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

The Mean ◽

Hybrid Maize ◽

Western Ethiopia

A study was carried out to assess the effect of integrated Farmyard Manure (FYM) and inorganic NP fertilizers use on yield and soil properties in Bako-Tibe district of Oromia, western Ethiopia. Five treatments (i.e., 110 kg N ha-1 + 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 (T1), 12 ton FYM ha-1 (T2) , 55 kg N ha-1 + 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1(T3), 27.5kg N ha-1 + 11.5 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1(T4) and the control (T5)) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications using five farmers’ fields. Yield and yield related parameters were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.0. Economic analysis was performed to compare treatments advantages. The treatment with half the recommended NP (55 kg N ha-1 + 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1) showed superior plant growth performance as compared to other treatments. Pure use of inorganic NP resulted in high Na, K, Ca and P composition of grain while pure FYM use resulted in high content of Mg and Ca composition. The level of P in grain decreased with the increasing of FYM. Soil fertility parameters considered showed no significance difference (P: 0.05) among the treatments. The mean difference values indicated that use of pure inorganic fertilizer increased soil PH, exchangeable Na, and available S. Use of pure farmyard manure resulted in an increase in the soil exchangeable Na, K, Mg, total Nitrogen, and available K and S. The use of half of the recommended inorganic fertilizer and FYM can enhance soil fertility in addition to yield improvement.

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Effect of Foliar Application of Banana Pseudostem Sap on Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.79.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

W.S.L.V. Fernando ◽

Brintha Karunarathna

Keyword(s):

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Crop Production ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Pod Length

Improved soil fertility is a requirement for enhanced crop production. Combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers improve crop productivity while reduce environmental degradation. An experiment was carried out at Eastern University, Sri Lanka to study the effect of Foliar Application of Banana Pseudostem Sap on Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in sandy regosol. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design having five treatments viz; recommended inorganic fertilizer N, P, K as basal and N as topdressing (T1), N, P, 1⁄2 K as basal with recommended N as topdressing and foliar spray of 1% , 3%, 5% and 7% banana pseudostem sap solution (T2-T5) at 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th week after planting. The results revealed that significant difference (P<0.05) were noted on number of pods per plant at 1st and 2nd picking. Higher number of pods per plant, maximum pod length and girth were in T2 while low in T1. Sun dried weights of pods and number of seeds per pod were significantly (P<0.05) varied at each picking. Further, cowpea yield at each picking were higher in T2 compared to tested treatments. The present study suggested that, among the tested treatments N, P, 1⁄2 K as basal with recommended N as topdressing and foliar spray of 1% Pseudostem sap solution at 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th WAP would be the most suitable for cowpea production in sandy regosol.

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