ANALISIS SESAR-SESAR MAJOR SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA DENGAN TEKNIK GRAVITI DEKONVOLUSI EULER 3D

The application of biotechnology in upland rice improvement programs depends on the availability of efficient regeneration protocols. Although protocols for shoot regeneration of upland rice are available, none has been reported for pigmented cultivars. This study reports on a protocol for callus induction and regeneration of Tadong, a pigmented upland rice cultivar from Sabah. For callus induction, immature embryos were cultured on media containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) at various concentrations (0 – 2.5 mg/L) and on different types of media (MS; MSB5; N6B5; N6). To induce shoot regeneration, callus explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) at various concentrations (0 – 3.0 mg/L) and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 1.0 mg/L. To induce shoot development, callus explants were pre-treated with Thidiazuron (TDZ) at various concentrations (0-1.0 mg/l) and exposed to different desiccation periods (0 – 72 hours). 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic at 2.5 mg/L and N6B5 medium resulted in the highest percentages of explant forming callus which were 60.3 ± 17.0 % and 58.7 ± 9.8 % respectively. The regeneration media failed to induce shoot on callus explants, instead, green spots were formed on the surface of the callus. The green spots were stimulated to develop into shoots when the callus explants were pre-treated with 0.5 mg/L TDZ or exposed to partial desiccation for 24 h, the percentages of explant forming shoot were 35.7 ± 4.8 % and 47.7 ± 6.8 % respectively. Shoots developed into complete plants on hormone-free MS medium and acclimatized.

Response of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to different shade levels in sandy soil

The study aimed to determine the response of upland rice under different shade levels. The experiment was conducted in Srigading village, Sanden District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta from July 2016 to March 2017. The experimental design applied was the split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was the shade level consists of three levels i.e. 0%, 25% and 50%. The sub plot was the upland rice cultivar consists of three levels i.e. ‘Inpago 8’, ‘Situ Patenggang’, and ‘Batutegi’. The results showed that some variables observed changes due to shade that are make increased the plant height and leaf area. The maximum number of tillers and the number of productive tillers in the 50% shade treatment decreased, as well as the total plant dry weight and the productivity. Other observation such as root/shoot ratio, panicle length, percentage of filled grain per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle and 1000-grains weight upland rice showed no significant difference.

Interaction between thidiazuron and Azospirillum brasilense on yield characteristics and productivity of rice

ABSTRACT In rice, the use of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense has shown to be very useful for the crop, being able to increase the final productivity of the same or reduce the need for nitrogen in topdressing. It has recently been noted that there are other regulators that perform other functions, such as thidiazuron (TDZ), a cytokinin-like substance that has been shown to significantly increase upland rice productivity. Thus, the present work aimed to verify the effect of the interaction between the foliar application of A. brasilense and thidiazuron doses applied at the occasion of the tillering of the plants on the productive aspects and crop productivity. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural years of 2015/16 and 2016/17, at the UNESP Teaching, Research and Extension Farm belonging to the Engineering Faculty of Ilha Solteira - UNESP, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates. The treatments were the combination of the presence or absence of A. brasilense foliar application with doses of TDZ (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g ha-1) applied to upland rice cultivar BRS Esmeralda. Based on the results obtained for plant height, number of panicles per square meter, total number of grains and fertility of spikelets, mass of 100 grains and grain yield, it was concluded that, in the two agricultural years observed, there were no interaction and individual effects of the foliar application of the bacteria, and of the TDZ doses used at the time of tillering in the BRS Esmeralda cultivar.

The Effect of Organic Fertilizer in the Increasing of Local Upland Rice Production on Marginal Land in North Buton Indonesia

ABSTRACT: Demand for rice as a source of food in Indonesia continues to increase in line with the growth of population, while the capacity to produce paddy rice increasingly limited. One of the efforts is to develop upland rice by utilizing the dry land with organic fertilizer application. The research was conducted in North Buton using split plot design. The main plot was the treatment of manure dosage consisting of 4 levels of treatment and the second factor of local upland rice cultivars as a subplot consisting of 22 cultivars. Production characters were observed and assessments are panicle length, grain number, number of grain content, wet grain weight, dried grain weight, grain weight per culm, and grain yield (t ha-1). The results showed that the yield potency of local upland rice cultivar in North Buton ranged from 3.11- 4.97 t ha-1 and the treatment of organic fertilizer can increase the yield components of upland rice.