scholarly journals A Novel Rat Model of Embolic Cerebral Ischemia Using a Microcatheter and Zirconia Ball Under Fluoroscopic Guidance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teppei Komatsu ◽  
Hiroki Ohta ◽  
Haruhiko Motegi ◽  
Junichi Hata ◽  
Koshiro Terawaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Zirconium Dioxide ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Left Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Fluoroscopic Guidance ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Mca Occlusion ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complications

Abstract Background and Purpose: The failure of neuroprotective treatment-related clinical trials may be partially caused by unestablished animal models. Existing animal models are less likely to provide occlusion confined to the middle cerebral artery (MCA), making transarterial intervention difficult. We aimed to develop a novel focal stroke model using a microcatheter and zirconium dioxide that is non-magnetic under fluoroscopic guidance, which can monitor MCA occlusion and can improve hemorrhagic complications. Methods: Using male Sprague Dawley rats (n=8), a microcatheter was navigated from the caudal ventral artery to the left internal carotid artery using digital subtraction angiography to establish local occlusion. Results: All rat cerebral angiographies were successful. No rats had hemorrhagic complications. Six (75%) rats underwent occlusion of the MCA bifurcation by zirconium dioxide. Accidentally, the left posterior cerebral artery was failure embolized in 2 rats (25%) via the posterior communicating artery. The median operating time was 8.5 min. Moreover, 2% 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining showed that the median infarct volume (mm3) was 280 (interquartile range; 267-333) 24 hours after the left MCA bifurcation occlusion. Conclusions: We present a novel rat model for focal stroke using a microcatheter and zirconium dioxide which does not affect the MRI. The model is predictable and reproducible, which is well confined within the territory supplied by the MCA. Fluoroscopy was able to identify which the MCA occlusion and model success while creating the model. It permitted exclusion of animals with complications from the experiment.

scholarly journals A novel model of ischemia in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion using a microcatheter and zirconia ball under fluoroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teppei Komatsu ◽  
Hiroki Ohta ◽  
Haruhiko Motegi ◽  
Junichi Hata ◽  
Koshiro Terawaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Zirconium Dioxide ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Left Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Mca Occlusion ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complications

AbstractThe failure of neuroprotective treatment-related clinical trials may be partially caused by unestablished animal models. Existing animal models are less likely to provide occlusion confined to the middle cerebral artery (MCA), making transarterial intervention difficult. We aimed to develop a novel focal stroke model using a microcatheter and zirconium dioxide that is non-magnetic under fluoroscopic guidance, which can monitor MCA occlusion and can improve hemorrhagic complications. Using male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10), a microcatheter was navigated from the caudal ventral artery to the left internal carotid artery using an X-ray fluoroscopy to establish local occlusion. All rat cerebral angiographies were successful. No rats had hemorrhagic complications. Eight (80%) rats underwent occlusion of the MCA bifurcation by zirconium dioxide. Accidentally, the left posterior cerebral artery was failure embolized in 2 rats (20%). The median operating time was 8 min. All rats of occlusion MCA revealed an incomplete hemiparesis on the right side with neurological deficit score ranging from 1 to 3 (median 1, interquartile range 1–3) at 24 h after the induction of ischemia. Moreover, 2% 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining showed that the median infarct volume (mm3) was 280 (interquartile range 267–333) 24 h after the left MCA bifurcation occlusion. We present a novel rat model for focal stroke using a microcatheter and zirconium dioxide which does not affect the MRI. The model is predictable which is well confined within the territory supplied by the MCA, and reproducibility of this model is 80%. Fluoroscopy was able to identify which the MCA occlusion and model success while creating the model. It permitted exclusion of animals with complications from the experiment.

Abstract P784: A Novel Rat Model of Embolic Cerebral Ischemia Using a Cell-Implantable Radiopaque Hydrogel Micro Fiber

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teppei Komatsu ◽  
Hiroki Ohta ◽  
Naoki Takakura ◽  
Tomomichi Kitagawa ◽  
Junichi Hata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Left Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Stroke Model ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
A Cell

Introduction: The failure of neuroprotective treatment-related clinical trials may be partially caused by unestablished animal models. We aimed to develop a novel focal stroke model using a cell-implantable radiopaque hydrogel micro fiber. The micro fiber is made of barium alginate hydrogel containing zirconia, and fabricated in a dual coaxial laminar flow microfluidic device. Methods: Using male Sprague Dawley rats (n=10), a catheter (ID 0.42mm, OD 0.55mm) was navigated from the caudal ventral artery to the left internal carotid artery using digital subtraction angiography. A radiopaque hydrogel micro fiber (0.4 mm in diameter, 1 mm in length) was advanced in the catheter by slow injection of heparinized physiological saline to establish local occlusion. 9.4-T MRI and 2% 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining were performed 24 hours after the creation of the stroke model. Results: The anterior cerebral artery-middle cerebral artery bifurcation was selectively embolized at all rats. The median operating time was 8.5 min (interquartile range; 6.25-12 min). The median infarct volume (mm 3 ) was 262 (interquartile range; 260-274) 24 hours after occlusion. Conclusions: We present a novel rat model for focal infarct only in the middle cerebral artery territory using a radiopaque hydrogel micro fiber. Furthermore, this model can be used for regeneration research of cerebral infarction because the hydrogel micro fiber can encapsulate stem cell.Figure Legends A: Puncture of the caudal ventral artery in a rat. B: Cerebral angiography of a rat. C: Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery-middle cerebral artery bifurcation by a radiopaque hydrogel fiber (arrowhead). D: MR angiography detected selective occlusion of left middle cerebral artery. E: T2-weighted image showed infarct only in the middle cerebral artery after 24 hours occlusion. A radiopaque fiber did not affect the 9.4-T MRI. F: Radiopaque hydrogel fiber encapsulated HeLa cells.

Reliability of behavioral tests in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghoon Yu ◽  
Jinkyoo Moon ◽  
Joonyoung Jang ◽  
Jee In Choi ◽  
Jooeun Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Satisfactory Level ◽  
Cylinder Test ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. To overcome impairment from stroke, translational research for developing new therapeutic technologies has been conducted and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rat is the representative model. Since recovery from neurological impairment in contralateral limbs caused by brain damage is the major goal of treatment, behavioral tests that assess the relevant function are used. To determine therapeutic effect, obtaining reliable results of behavioral assessment is a prerequisite. However, studies on the reliability of behavioral tests in the MCAo rat model and necessity of prior training have not yet been reported. In this study, the authors investigate relative and absolute inter-rater reliabilities of modified neurological severity score (mNSS), cylinder test, and grid-walking test before training and repeated training every week until the reliability of results reached a satisfactory level. The training included repeated learning of the scoring system and decreasing disagreements among the raters. For MCAo modeling, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 90 min of transient MCAo. Six raters conducted behavioral tests via observation of video-recording on sham-operated and MCAo model rats at 3 or 7 days after the intervention. An independent experimenter randomly numbered each video clip to blind the experiment. The results of reliabilities were unacceptable before training and improved to a satisfactory level after 6 weeks of training in all of the tests. In conclusion, mNSS, cylinder test, and grid-walking test on the MCAo rat model are reliable evaluation methods after conducting appropriate training.

scholarly journals Endovascular management of dissecting posterior cerebral artery aneurysm associated with persistent hypoglossal artery: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Murumkar ◽  
Sameer Peer ◽  
Jitender Saini ◽  
Hanumanthapura Ramalingaiah Arvinda
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Left Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Persistent Hypoglossal Artery ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Hypoglossal Artery ◽  
Guide Catheter ◽  
Cerebral Artery Aneurysm

Abstract Persistent embryological connections between the anterior and posterior circulations are rare entities. Persistent hypoglossal artery is the second most common persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis. As it is often associated with hypoplasia of vertebral arteries, it poses a challenge during endovascular interventions. We present a case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with occipital headache of four weeks’ duration. Magnetic Resonance Angiography showed hypoplastic vertebral arteries with a persistent hypoglossal artery arising from the cervical segment of the left internal carotid artery and supplying the entire posterior circulation, associated with a dissecting aneurysm of the right posterior cerebral artery. Endovascular parent vessel occlusion was performed for the dissecting posterior cerebral artery aneurysm by navigating the guide catheter, microwire, and microcatheter through the persistent hypoglossal artery because the vertebral arteries were hypoplastic. Post-intervention, the patient did not develop any neurological deficit and was discharged in a stable condition.

Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: Experience with Volume Expansion Therapy

Neurosurgery ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce I. Tranmer ◽  
Cordell E. Gross ◽  
Ted S. Keller ◽  
Glenn W. Kindt
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Mca Occlusion ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Five consecutive patients with acute neurological deficits after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion were given emergency treatment with colloidal volume expansion. In each case, the diagnosis was confirmed promptly by computed tomography and cerebral angiography. Aggressive volume expansion therapy was started 2 to 18 hours (mean, 11 hr) after the onset of the neurological deficit. The mean colloidal volume used was 920 ml/day for an average of 4 days. During volume expansion, the mean cardiac output increased 57% from 4.6 + 0.6 to 7.2 + 1.9 litres/min (P < 0.05). The mean hematocrit decreased 19% from 46 + 3% to 37 + 4% (P < 0.01). The mean arterial blood pressure remained stable, and the pulmonary artery wedge pressure was maintained at < 15 mm Hg. Three patients improved dramatically with volume expansion therapy and have returned to their previous life-styles. Two patients made partial recoveries and manage at home with nursing care. The three patients who improved dramatically were young (aged <34) and, when compared to the older patients, they had greater increases in cardiac output (67% vs. 19%). No major complications or deaths were attributed to the volume expansion therapy. We propose that intravascular volume expansion and its concomitant augmentation of the cardiovascular dynamics may be effective in the treatment of acute neurological deficits after acute MCA occlusion.

scholarly journals Cerebral Energy Metabolism Measured in vivo by 31P-NMR in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Cat—Relation to Severity of Stroke

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Komatsumoto ◽  
S. Nioka ◽  
J. H. Greenberg ◽  
K. Yoshizaki ◽  
V. H. Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Mca Occlusion ◽  
Occlusion Model

The energy metabolism of the brain has been measured in a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in the cat utilizing 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 31P-NMR spectra were serially obtained during 2 h of ischemia and a subsequent 4-h recovery period. The ratio of creatine phosphate (PCr) to inorganic phosphate (Pi) (PCr/Pi) showed a precipitous decrease in parallel with changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) amplitude in severe strokes during ischemia as well as during recirculation. Animals with mild strokes, as determined by EEG criteria, exhibited a much smaller decrease in PCr/Pi during ischemia. In the severe strokes, there was a splitting and significant shift of the Pi peak immediately after occlusion. In addition, the shifted Pi peak rapidly increased and remained elevated throughout the study. In the mild strokes, Pi also increased, but not as markedly. Intracellular pH determination by chemical shift of the Pi peak revealed a decrease from 7.1 to 6.2–6.3 during ischemia and the subsequent recovery period in the animals with severe strokes, whereas the pH in the animals with mild strokes did not show a significant change. A gradual decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to 57–79% of the control was exhibited in severely stroked animals during both the ischemia and the recovery period, whereas there was no change in ATP in the mild stroked animals. These results suggest that the dynamic process of pathophysiological changes in an MCA occlusion model in the cat leads to significant differences in cerebral metabolism between animals with mild and severe strokes.

scholarly journals ARL 17477, a Potent and Selective Neuronal NOS Inhibitor Decreases Infarct Volume after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng G. Zhang ◽  
David Reif ◽  
James Macdonald ◽  
Wen Xue Tang ◽  
Dietgard K. Kamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Mca Occlusion ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

We tested the effects of administration of a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, ARL 17477, on ischemic cell damage and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), in rats subjected to transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and 166 h of reperfusion (n = 48) and in rats without MCA occlusion (n = 25), respectively. Animals were administered ARL 17477 (i.v.): 10 mg/kg; 3 mg/kg; 1 mg/kg; N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) 10 mg/kg L-NA 1 mg/kg; and Vehicle. Administration of ARL 17477 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg reduced ischemic infarct volume by 53 (p < 0.05), 23, and 6.5%, respectively. L-NA 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg increased infarct volume by 2 and 15%, respectively (p > 0.05). Administration of ARL 17477 (10 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased rCBF by 27 ± 5.3 and 24 ± 14.08% and cortical NOS activity by 86 ± 14.9 and 91 ± 8.9% at 10 min or 3 h, respectively, and did not alter mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). L-NA (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced rCBF by 23 ± 9.8% and NOS activity by 81 ± 7% and significantly (p < 0.05) increased MABP. Treatment with 3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg ARL 17477 reduced rCBF by only 2.4 ± 4.5 and 0%, respectively, even when NOS activity was reduced by 63 ± 13.4 and 45 ± 15.7% at 3 h, respectively, (p < 0.05). The data demonstrate that ARL 17477 inhibits nNOS in the rat brain and causes a dose-dependent reduction in infarct volume after transient MCA occlusion.

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