scholarly journals Cost Analysis and Rational Use of Anti Glaucoma Therapy in A Tertiary Hospital in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES NII KWADE OFEI-PALM ◽  
NAA Naamuah Tagoe ◽  
DANIEL NII AMOO ANKRAH ◽  
Dong Jatoe ◽  
Angela Agyare
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Expensive Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Glaucoma Therapy

Abstract IntroductionGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. In Ghana, 19.4% of all blindness recorded is due to glaucoma. Reducing intraocular pressure medically (using eye drops) is the evidence-based therapeutic optionObjectives To determine the rational use and undertake cost analysis of anti-glaucoma drugs among patients attending clinic at the Lions International Eye Centre, Korle bu Teaching Hospital (LIEC).MethodsIn this cross sectional study, we reviewed all prescriptions presented to the pharmacy unit from 01/12/015 to 31/03/2016. The dispensed drops were classified and all anti-glaucoma drugs were identified. This was followed by cost analysis.ResultsA total of 588 prescriptions were captured, 27.3% (161/588) contained an anti-glaucoma medication. The mean number of anti-glaucoma medications was1.71 of which 52.7% was prescribed to females.Prostaglandin analogues were the most prescribed (37% (102/276)), followed by beta blockers (25.4% (70/276)), carbonic anhydrase group of medicines (16.3% (45/276)), combined beta blockers (11.2% (31/276)), alpha agonists (8.7% (24/276)) and miotics (1.4% (4/276)). The median (IQR) average cost of anti-glaucoma therapy per prescription per month was GHC 65.00 (GHC38.5-GHC140). Azopt (Brimonidine) was the most expensive with daily treatment cost of GHC 5.8 (about US$ 1.45), whilst the least expensive drug with a daily treatment cost of GHC 0.14 (about US$ 0.035) was timolol eye drops. ConclusionsProstaglandins analogues remain the most preferred treatment for managing glaucoma at the Korle-Bu Eye Centre in Ghana but are also the most costly. This may adversely affect treatment among the poor since prostaglandins are currently not reimbursed.

scholarly journals Stroke Treatment Cost Analysis for Consideration on Health Cost Determination Using INA- CBGs at Jogja Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Ingenida Hadning ◽  
Zullies Ikawati ◽  
Tri Murti Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Cost Determination

Indonesian Case Based Groups (INA-CBGs) implementation on hospital financing for stroke patient using Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Jamkesmas) at 3rd class hospitalization requires therapy plan management and cost analysis because stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and need high treatment cost. It is purposed to skimp the hospital expenditure and avoid deficit suffering. The study objectives was to determine the suitability cost between real stroke treatment cost and health financing based on INA-CBGs, and to determine the highest cost component on stroke treatment at Jogja hospital. This cross sectional observational study used retrospective sampling method. The subjects were taken from all stroke patient population using Jamkesmas insurance at Jogja Hospital, were hospitalized between January 2011-April 2012 and met the inclusion criteria. The subject was then classified based on INA-CBGs. Patient’s length of stay and costs (direct medical and direct non-medical costs) were defined as study variable. Data was analysed using descriptive analysis and Mann Whitney test. Throuh this study we conclude the average rate of real stroke treatment cost at Jogja Hospital was higher insignificantly than INA-CBGs based cost and the highest treatment cost was on the medicine and medical equipment.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis and Rational Use of Anti-Glaucoma Therapy in a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 619-627
Author(s):  
Charles Nii Kwade Ofei-Palm ◽  
Naa Naamuah Tagoe ◽  
Dong Jatoe ◽  
Angela Agyare ◽  
Daniel Ankrah
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Glaucoma Therapy

Stroke Treatment Cost Analysis for Consideration on Health Cost Determination Using INA- CBGs at Jogja Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Ingenida Hadning ◽  
Zullies Ikawati ◽  
Tri Murti Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Cost Determination

Indonesian Case Based Groups (INA-CBGs) implementation on hospital financing for stroke patient using Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Jamkesmas) at 3rd class hospitalization requires therapy plan management and cost analysis because stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and need high treatment cost. It is purposed to skimp the hospital expenditure and avoid deficit suffering. The study objectives was to determine the suitability cost between real stroke treatment cost and health financing based on INA-CBGs, and to determine the highest cost component on stroke treatment at Jogja hospital. This cross sectional observational study used retrospective sampling method. The subjects were taken from all stroke patient population using Jamkesmas insurance at Jogja Hospital, were hospitalized between January 2011-April 2012 and met the inclusion criteria. The subject was then classified based on INA-CBGs. Patient’s length of stay and costs (direct medical and direct non-medical costs) were defined as study variable. Data was analysed using descriptive analysis and Mann Whitney test. Throuh this study we conclude the average rate of real stroke treatment cost at Jogja Hospital was higher insignificantly than INA-CBGs based cost and the highest treatment cost was on the medicine and medical equipment.

ECONOMIC BUDERN AND TREATMENT COST OF FALLS, BURNS, AND TRAFFIC INJURIES IN CHILDREN

2017 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Thuan Huynh ◽  
Minh Tam Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Child Injury ◽  
Total Treatment Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Total Treatment ◽  
Fatal Injuries

Introduction: Child injury is a significant burden for community health care in Vietnam. Besides the fatal injuries, millions of children need hospital care for non-fatal injuries. Investigation on treatment cost and economic burden of the most common non-fatal injuries such as falls, burns, and traffic injuries is very necessary. Objectives: (1) Describe the patterns of falls, burns, and traffic injuries among children admitted with injuries to the Quang Nam Pediatric Hospital; (2) Analyze the treatment cost for falls, burns, and traffic injuries of these patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 424 pediatric patients under 16 year old admitted with falls, burns, and traffic injuries to the Quang Nam Pediatric Hospital from 01/6/2014 to 31/3/2015. Results: Most of participants admitted to the hospital for falls (66%), traffic injuries (22,4%). Mild injuries was dominated, burns and traffic injuries were more serious in almost cases and the average of PTS index was 9.4 points. Average total treatment cost was 1,259,200 VN dong, direct cost accounted for 68.4% of total treatment cost. Treatment costs of burns and traffic injuries were higher than that of falls. Key words: burden of disease, treatment cost, injury, children

scholarly journals Neuroenhancement in French and Romanian University Students, Motivations and Associated Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3880
Author(s):  
Irina Brumboiu ◽  
Alessandro Porrovecchio ◽  
Thierry Peze ◽  
Remy Hurdiel ◽  
Irina Cazacu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Students Attitudes

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the use of neuroenhancers, the motivations and factors associated with their use in French and Romanian university students. Students from two universities in France (Rouen and Opal Coast University) and one in Romania (Cluj-Napoca) were asked to complete a self-administered anonymous questionnaire, either online or on paper, about the use of three different categories of substance: Prescription drugs (methylphenidate, modafinil, and beta-blockers), drugs of abuse (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamines), and soft enhancers (coffee, vitamins, caffeine tablets, and energy drinks). In total, 1110 students were included: The users were 2.2% for prescription drugs, 4.3% for drugs of abuse, and 55.0% for soft enhancers. Students used neuroenhancement to stay awake for study (69.3%), to improve concentration (55.5%), to decrease stress (40.9%), and to improve memory (39.6%). Neuroenhancement was considered to meet expectations by 74.4% of users. The factors associated with the use of drugs of abuse were frequent binge drinking (Adjusted Odds Ratio—AOR: 6.49 [95% CI: 2.53–16.6]), smoking (AOR: 5.50 [95% CI: 2.98–10.14]), having a student job (AOR: 2.42 [95% CI 1.13–5.17]), and being male (AOR: 2.23 [95% CI:1.21–4.11]). No significant associations with eating disorders were detected for any of the three categories of substances. University students reported neuroenhancement with prescription drugs, drugs of abuse, and mainly soft enhancers. These substances were used mainly to increase the waking hours. Educational programs in universities seem to be required in order to increase student awareness of the problems caused by neuroenhancements, and to decrease the associated risks by changing students’ attitudes and beliefs.

scholarly journals Dry eye disease among Glaucoma patients on topical hypotensive medications, in a tertiary hospital, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miraf Sahlu ◽  
Abeba T. Giorgis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corneal Staining

Abstract Background Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease; causing various ocular symptoms with potential damage to the ocular surface. Applying hypotensive eye drops are presumed to initiate or exacerbate existing dry eye disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of signs and symptoms and severity of dry eye disease among glaucoma patients on topical hypotensive medications and controls. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study, involving 320 glaucoma patients and controls. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) symptoms score and Schirmer, tear breakup time and corneal staining tests were used to assess dry eye disease. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 software; p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Among the 160 study glaucoma patients, the mean duration of topical hypotensive medication use was 5.2 ± 5.21 years (range, 4 months - 32 years). Mild to severe level of OSDI score was found in 122 (76%) glaucoma patients and in 137 (86%) controls (p = 0.033). Mild to sever abnormal clinical tests in the glaucoma patients and control, respectively, were 106 (66%) vs 80 (50%) corneal staining (p = 0.045), 79 (49%) vs 72 (45%) TBUT (p = 0.021), and 91 (57%) vs 83 (52%) Schirmer test (p = 0.242). Test results at the level of sever: 2 (1%) vs 0 (0%) corneal staining, 50 (31%) vs 39 (24%) TBUT and 65 (41%) vs 60 (38%) Schirmer test in the glaucoma patents and controls, respectively. Corneal staining and TBUT had correlation with the number of drugs (p = 0.004 and 0.031, respectively), and more relationship of the two tests with total number of drops applied per day (p = 0.01 and p <  0.001, respectively). Patients on pilocarpine and timolol had more corneal staining and lower TBUT [(p = 0.011 and p <  0.001) and (p = 0.04 and 0.012), respectively]. Conclusions The study has identified glaucoma patients to be more affected by dry eye disease than non-glaucoma patients, and presence of significantly lower TBUT and higher corneal staining in the glaucoma patients on multidrops and multidose per day. We recommend consideration of evaluation and management of DED for glaucoma patients on multidrops and multidose hypotensive medications.

A Survey of Neonatal Nurses on Mydriatic Regimens Used in Neonatal Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye Examinations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kremer ◽  
David Reith ◽  
Natalie J. Medlicott ◽  
Mary J. Sime ◽  
Liza Edmonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Adult Dose

Objective This study was aimed to determine mydriatic regimen(s) used in neonatal units in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) and Australia and to estimate the frequency of adverse drug events following mydriatic administration in preterm neonates. Study Design A cross-sectional survey was sent to neonatal nursing staff listed in the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network contact list. Participants were asked to state what mydriatic regimen they use, and to estimate the frequency of adverse drug events when eye drops were administered for retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations (ROPEE). Results Thirteen different mydriatic regimens were identified; phenylephrine 2.5% and cyclopentolate 0.5% (1 standard drop of each) was the most commonly used regimen. Two of the regimens exceeded adult doses and five regimens included a mydriatic that is equivalent to an adult dose. Following mydriatic instillation, the three most common adverse effects were apnea, tachycardia, and periorbital pallor. Conclusion Low-concentration single-microdrop regimens are currently in use and resulting in successful ROPEE, yet doses exceeding adult doses are in use throughout Aotearoa NZ and Australian units. We know from this dataset that neonates are experiencing unwanted and potentially preventable, adverse effects associated with mydriatics, and every effort should be made to minimize this risk. Key Points

scholarly journals A ten-year report of microbial keratitis in pediatric population under five years in a tertiary eye center

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Soleimani ◽  
Seyed Ali Tabatabaei ◽  
S. Saeed Mohammadi ◽  
Niloufar Valipour ◽  
Arash Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Microbial Keratitis ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Glue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Corneal Scraping

Abstract Purpose To report characteristics of microbial keratitis in pediatric patients under five years. Methods Patients with infectious keratitis under the age of 5 years were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study for ten years. All patients were admitted and corneal scraping was performed in 81 children. Fortified empiric antibiotic eye drops including cefazolin (50 mg/cc) and amikacin (20 mg/cc) were started and the antibiotic regimen was continued or changed according to culture results. In the case of fungal keratitis, topical voriconazole (10 mg/cc) or natamycin (50 mg/cc) and topical chloramphenicol (5 mg/cc) were started. A tectonic procedure was done when corneal thinning or perforation was present. Results Ninety-Three Patients between 1 to 60 months with a mean age of 33 ± 18 months old with corneal ulcer were included in the study. The most common risk factor was trauma (40.9%) followed by contact lens use (8.6%). Cultures were negative for microbial growth in 28 (30.1%) patients. The most common pathogens were S. epidermidis (10.8%) and P. aeruginosa (10.8%). Fluoroquinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin; 93.8% sensitivity) were the most potent antibiotic against bacterial pathogens. Forty-one patients underwent tectonic procedures, which the most common ones were cyanoacrylate glue 18.3% followed by keratoplasty 16.1%. Conclusion This study emphasizes the role of trauma as the primary cause and S. epidermidis as the most frequent microorganism in pediatric keratitis; according to antibiogram results and poor cooperation of patients under five years, monotherapy with fluoroquinolones could be a good regimen in small non-central lesions without thinning.

scholarly journals Babies born after ART treatment cost more than non-ART babies: a cost analysis of inpatient birth-admission costs of singleton and multiple gestation pregnancies

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 3108-3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Chambers ◽  
M. G. Chapman ◽  
N. Grayson ◽  
M. Shanahan ◽  
E. A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Multiple Gestation

Elderly patients with cognitive impairments on an ambulance care

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Tatiana Andreevna Bogdanova ◽  
Anna V. Turusheva ◽  
Elena V. Frolova ◽  
Dmitriy L. Logunov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Cognition

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is one of the most common geriatric syndromes that occur in the elderly. Dementia is a severe cognitive disorder that results in the professional, social, and functional impairment and gradual loss of independence. However, in most cases, the stage of dementia is preceded by a long period of non-dementia cognitive impairment. In this regard, one of the priorities of public health is to identify potentially reversible forms of dementia and cognitive impairment in the early stages. AIM: To assess demographic characteristics, co-morbidities and factors that are associated with cognitive impairment in adults aged 65 years and over and to determine the prevalence of cognitive disorders in aging population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: cross-sectional study included all patients aged 65 years and older who attended the ambulance care from 24.10.2019 to 15.12.2019 in Saint Petersburg. Measurements: the Montreal cognitive assessment test, the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Data collection included a full medical history, blood pressure measurement, a medication review and blood tests (complete blood count, lipids, hormones, glucose, ALT, AST and creatinine). RESULTS: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment was 62.9 % (95 % CI 56-70), severe cognitive impairment 8.2 %. We detected that hypertension, stroke, sleep disorders, subjective memory complaints and symptoms of depression were identified as factors associated with CI after adjustment for covariates. Hypertension and depression were related with cognitive impairment (p 0.05). Also patients with depression scored worse in global cognition and attention function (p 0.05). Patients with diabetes had association with a decrease in abstraction function (p = 0.02). Low hemoglobin levels were related with poor global cognition and memory impairment (p 0.01). Beta-blocker use was significantly associated with poor global cognition and memory impairment (p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We found that elders have a high prevalence of cognitive disorders. We also demonstrated association between co-morbidities and factors as hypertension, anemia, diabetes, depression and administration of beta-blockers with poor cognitive performance in the elderly.

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