scholarly journals Air sampling for detection of infectious laryngotracheitis  (ILT) in commercial poultry flocks.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Brown ◽  
Dilhani Premaratna ◽  
Yonatan Segal ◽  
Travis Beddoe
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Abstract Objective Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry, caused by gallid herpesvirus 1 (ILTV), which causes significant economic losses. Due to recent outbreaks of ILT in Australia, it has been proposed that ILT could be transmitted between poultry sheds by airborne transmission; however, there has never been direct detection of gallid herpesvirus 1 from air samples. We aimed to optimize a sampling system for the detection of airborne gallid herpesvirus 1 in poultry sheds.Results Poultry farms with a known clinical outbreaks of ILT were used as a test case for detection of airborne ILTV. Infected chickens were verified by detection of ILTV nucleic acid in feather shafts with all farms being positive. Using a liquid cyclonic impinging device, it was found that recovery and detection of airborne ILTV was possible in alkaline PEG buffer. Additional sampling was performed at different heights to determine the presence of ILTV in the air. In farm 3, all three air samples at both heights were positive for ILVT while at farm 2 only one sample at 45cm was positive. We envisaged in the future air sampling will be able to detect and track potential transmission of gallid herpesvirus 1 both inside and outside of the poultry shed.

scholarly journals Air sampling for detection of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in commercial poultry flocks.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Brown ◽  
Dilhani Premaratna ◽  
Yonatan Segal ◽  
Travis Beddoe
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Abstract Objective Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry, caused by gallid herpesvirus 1 (ILTV), which causes significant economic losses. Due to recent outbreaks of ILT in Australia, it has been proposed that ILT could be transmitted between poultry sheds by the wind; however, there has never been direct detection of gallid herpesvirus 1 from air samples. We aimed to optimize a sampling system for recovery and detection of airborne gallid herpesvirus 1 in poultry sheds. Results Poultry farms with a known clinical outbreaks of ILT were used as a test case for detection of airborne gallid herpesvirus 1. Using a liquid cyclonic impinging device, it was found that recovery and detection of airborne gallid herpesvirus 1 was possible in alkaline PEG buffer. Additional sampling was performed at different heights to determine the presence of ILTV in the air. In farm 3, all three air samples at both heights were positive for ILVT while at farm 2 only one sample at 45cm was positive. We envisaged in the future air sampling will be able to detect and track potential transmission of gallid herpesvirus 1 both inside and outside of the poultry shed.

scholarly journals Air sampling for detection of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in commercial poultry flocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Brown ◽  
Dilhani Premaratna ◽  
Yonatan Segal ◽  
Travis Beddoe
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Objective Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry, caused by gallid herpesvirus 1 (ILTV), which causes significant economic losses. Due to recent outbreaks of ILT in Australia, it has been proposed that ILT could be transmitted between poultry sheds by airborne transmission; however, there has never been direct detection of ILTV from air samples. We aimed to optimize a sampling system for the detection of airborne ILTV in poultry sheds. Results Poultry farms with a known outbreaks of ILT were used for detection of airborne ILTV. Infected chickens were verified by detection of ILTV nucleic acid in feather shafts with all farms being positive. Using a liquid cyclonic impinging device, it was found that recovery and detection of airborne ILTV was possible in alkaline PEG buffer. Additional sampling was performed at different heights to determine the presence of ILTV in the air. In farm 3, all three air samples at both heights were positive for ILTV while at farm 2 only one sample at 45 cm was positive. We envisaged in the future air sampling will be able to detect and track potential transmission of ILTV both inside and outside of the poultry shed.

scholarly journals Air sampling for detection of infectious laryngotracheitis  (ILT) in commercial poultry flocks.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Brown ◽  
Dilhani Premaratna ◽  
Yonatan Segal ◽  
Travis Beddoe
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract ObjectiveInfectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry, caused by gallid herpesvirus 1 (ILTV), which causes significant economic losses. Due to recent outbreaks of ILT in Australia, it has been proposed that ILT could be transmitted between poultry sheds by airborne transmission; however, there has never been direct detection of ILTV from air samples. We aimed to optimize a sampling system for the detection of airborne ILTV in poultry sheds.ResultsPoultry farms with a known outbreaks of ILT were used for detection of airborne ILTV. Infected chickens were verified by detection of ILTV nucleic acid in feather shafts with all farms being positive. Using a liquid cyclonic impinging device, it was found that recovery and detection of airborne ILTV was possible in alkaline PEG buffer. Additional sampling was performed at different heights to determine the presence of ILTV in the air. In farm 3, all three air samples at both heights were positive for ILTV while at farm 2 only one sample at 45cm was positive. We envisaged in the future air sampling will be able to detect and track potential transmission of ILTV both inside and outside of the poultry shed.

scholarly journals Outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis in large multi-age egg layer chicken flocks in Minas Gerais, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingred S. Preis ◽  
Juliana F.V. Braga ◽  
Rodrigo M. Couto ◽  
Bruno S.A.F. Brasil ◽  
Nelson R.S. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus ◽  
Ffpe Samples ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

A recent (November 2010) outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in a multi-age laying hen facility in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, is described. Previous ILT outbreak in laying hens was only notified in São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2002. In the outbreak described here, the affected population was approximately eight million hens, with flock sizes ranging from 100,000 to 2,900,000 chickens. The average mortality ranged from 1 to 6%, and morbidity was around 90% (most of the twenty seven farms of the area were positive for ILT virus). Three multi-age laying farms from one company were selected for this report. Clinical signs included prostration, dyspnea, conjunctivitis, occasional swelling of the paranasal sinuses and bloody mucous nasal discharge. Severely affected chickens presented with dyspnea, gasping and became cyanotic before death. At necropsy, these chickens had fibrinous exudate blocking the larynx and the lumen of cranial part of the trachea. In addition, conjunctivitis with intense hyperemia, edema and sinuses with caseous exudate were present. On histopathology, there were marked necrosis and desquamation of respiratory ephitelium and conjunctiva with numerous syncytial cells formation and fibrinous exudate. Moderate to marked non suppurative (especially lymphocytes and plasma cells) infiltration in the lamina propria also was observed. Sixteen out of 20 examined chickens, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the syncytial cells. The DNA extracted from larynx and trachea produced positive PCR results for ILT virus (ILTV) DNA using formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples. Amplicons from a small region of ICP4 gene were submitted to sequencing and showed 100% identity with ILTV EU104910.1 (USA strain), 99% with ILTV JN596963.1 (Australian strain) and 91% with ILTV JN580316.1 (Gallid herpesvirus 1 CEO vaccine strain) and JN580315.1 (Gallid herpesvirus 1 TCO vaccine strain).

scholarly journals Multilocus analysis of Gallid herpesvirus 1 in layer chickens in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hamzah Abdulkadhim Al-Saadi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Blotting Technique ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Chicken Sample

Background and Aim: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) causes a highly pathogenic respiratory disease that affects poultry. It is also known as Gallid herpesvirus 1. ILT prophylaxis measures often include using live attenuated vaccines. The live attenuated vaccine can, however, lead to the formation of new strains of ILTV as a result of vaccine reversion and recombination with field strains. Therefore, this study was performed to explore the multilocus variation of ILTV strains of field and vaccine origin. Samples were tested from two distinctive geographical areas in Iraq as little is known about the ILTV genetic diversity within these areas. Materials and Methods: The polymerase chain reaction method was utilized to generate sequencing templates of six highly polymorphic genes, including UL54, UL52, gB, ICP18.5, ICP4, and gJ in the layer chicken sample (n=15). The Western blotting technique was also employed to detect and estimate the native molecular weight of gE. Results: The results revealed an important degree of genetic relatedness between the field and vaccine strains across all genes. In addition, gE was found to be expressed natively at 49 kDa. Conclusion: The findings of this study may be used to improve the production process of the vaccine for more effective ILT prophylaxis and could further the understanding of epidemiologists and immunologists to better control ILT in the future.

Nucleotide sequence of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (gallid herpesvirus 1) ICP4 gene

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Johnson ◽  
Scott G. Tyack ◽  
Christopher Prideaux ◽  
Kritaya Kongsuwan ◽  
Michael Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Gallid Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus
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