Transcriptome and metabolite profiling reveals the effects of Funneliformis mosseae on the roots of continuously cropped soybeans

Abstract Background Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are the most widely distributed mycorrhizal fungi, which can form mycorrhizal symbionts with plant roots and enhance plant stress resistance by regulating host metabolic activities. In this paper, the RNA sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technologies were used to study the transcriptome and metabolite profiles of the roots of continuously cropped soybeans that were infected with F. mosseae and F. oxysporum. The objective was to explore the effects of F. mosseae treatment on soybean root rot infected with F. oxysporum. Results According to the transcriptome profiles, 24285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the expression of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate monooxygenase (CYP73A), cinnamyl-CoA reductase (CCR), chalcone isomerase (CHI) and coffee-coenzyme o-methyltransferase were upregulated after being infected with F. oxysporum; these changes were key to the induction of the soybean’s defence response. The metabolite results showed that daidzein and 7,4-dihydroxy, 6-methoxy isoflavone (glycine), which are involved in the isoflavone metabolic pathway, were upregulated after the roots were inoculated with F. mosseae. In addition, a substantial alteration in the abundance of amino acids, phenolic and terpene metabolites all led to the synthesis of defence compounds. An integrated analysis of the metabolic and transcriptomic data revealed that substantial alterations in the abundance of most of the intermediate metabolites and enzymes changed substantially under pathogen infection. These changes included the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway, which suggests that isoflavonoid biosynthesis plays an important role in the soybean root response. Conclusion The results showed that F. mosseae could alleviate the root rot caused by continuous cropping. The increased activity of some disease-resistant genes and disease-resistant metabolites may partly account for the ability of the plants to resist diseases. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism by which AMF alleviates soybean root rot, which is important in agriculture.

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Transcriptome and metabolite profiling reveals the effects of Funneliformis mosseae on the roots of continuously cropped soybeans

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-020-02647-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cheng-Cheng Lu ◽

Na Guo ◽

Chao Yang ◽

Hai-Bing Sun ◽

Bai-Yan Cai

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Soybean Root ◽

Disease Resistant ◽

Coa Reductase

Abstract Background Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are the most widely distributed mycorrhizal fungi, which can form mycorrhizal symbionts with plant roots and enhance plant stress resistance by regulating host metabolic activities. In this paper, the RNA sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technologies were used to study the transcriptome and metabolite profiles of the roots of continuously cropped soybeans that were infected with F. mosseae and F. oxysporum. The objective was to explore the effects of F. mosseae treatment on soybean root rot infected with F. oxysporum. Results According to the transcriptome profiles, 24,285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the expression of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate monooxygenase (CYP73A), cinnamyl-CoA reductase (CCR), chalcone isomerase (CHI) and coffee-coenzyme o-methyltransferase were upregulated after being infected with F. oxysporum; these changes were key to the induction of the soybean’s defence response. The metabolite results showed that daidzein and 7,4-dihydroxy, 6-methoxy isoflavone (glycine), which are involved in the isoflavone metabolic pathway, were upregulated after the roots were inoculated with F. mosseae. In addition, a substantial alteration in the abundance of amino acids, phenolic and terpene metabolites all led to the synthesis of defence compounds. An integrated analysis of the metabolic and transcriptomic data revealed that substantial alterations in the abundance of most of the intermediate metabolites and enzymes changed substantially under pathogen infection. These changes included the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway, which suggests that isoflavonoid biosynthesis plays an important role in the soybean root response. Conclusion The results showed that F. mosseae could alleviate the root rot caused by continuous cropping. The increased activity of some disease-resistant genes and disease-resistant metabolites may partly account for the ability of the plants to resist diseases. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism by which AMF alleviates soybean root rot, which is important in agriculture.

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Diversity of Rhizosphere Soil Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Various Soybean Cultivars under Different Continuous Cropping Regimes

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0072898 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e72898 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Weiguang Jie ◽

Xiaorui Liu ◽

Baiyan Cai

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Soybean Cultivars

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Causal Agents of Root Rot and the Effect of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Seedlings of Rhodiola rosea in Alberta, Canada

Plant Pathology Journal ◽

10.3923/ppj.2009.120.126 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 120-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.F. Hwang ◽

H.U. Ahmed ◽

K. Ampong-Nya ◽

S.E. Strelkov ◽

R.J. Howard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Rot ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Rhodiola Rosea ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular

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Induction of Osmoregulation and Modulation of Salt Stress inAcacia gerrardiiBenth. by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi andBacillus subtilis(BERA 71)

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/6294098 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Abeer Hashem ◽

E. F. Abd_Allah ◽

A. A. Alqarawi ◽

A. A. Al-Huqail ◽

M. A. Shah

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Acacia Gerrardii

The role of soil microbiota in plant stress management, though speculated a lot, is still far from being completely understood. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine synergistic impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium,Bacillus subtilis(BERA 71), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Claroideoglomus etunicatum;Rhizophagus intraradices; andFunneliformis mosseae) to induce acquired systemic resistance in Talh tree (Acacia gerrardiiBenth.) against adverse impact of salt stress. Compared to the control, the BERA 71 treatment significantly enhanced root colonization intensity by AMF, in both presence and absence of salt. We also found positive synergistic interaction betweenB.subtilisand AMFvis-a-visimprovement in the nutritional value in terms of increase in total lipids, phenols, and fiber content. The AMF and BERA 71 inoculated plants showed increased content of osmoprotectants such as glycine, betaine, and proline, though lipid peroxidation was reduced probably as a mechanism of salt tolerance. Furthermore, the application of bioinoculants to Talh tree turned out to be potentially beneficial in ameliorating the deleterious impact of salinity on plant metabolism, probably by modulating the osmoregulatory system (glycine betaine, proline, and phenols) and antioxidant enzymes system (SOD, CAT, POD, GR, APX, DHAR, MDAHR, and GSNOR).

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