scholarly journals Challenges in antibiotics prescription in pediatrics: A national survey among Lebanese pediatricians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amale ISSA ◽  
Nadine SALEH ◽  
Mira HLEYHE ◽  
Rouba Karen ZEIDAN ◽  
Sara ASSAF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
National Campaigns ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Antibiotics are the most prescribed drugs especially in pediatrics and for Upper Respiratory tract Infections (URI). Physicians are facing many challenges in their practice regarding antibiotics prescription. The aim of this study, the first of its kind in Lebanon, is to evaluate attitudes and practices of Lebanese pediatricians towards antibiotics prescription with a special focus on URI in order to identify challenges facing physicians. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 among pediatricians registered in the Orders of Physicians. A 63-item questionnaire in English was sent by e-mail or by message to the mobile phone of all pediatricians with subsequent reminders. Data was collected from May 1st through July 2nd 2018. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21.0. The analysis involved descriptive quantitative statistics (means and standard deviations, frequencies and percentages). Results From a total of 1213 physicians approached, 117 agreed to participate in the study giving a response rate of ~ 10%. A high proportion of Lebanese pediatricians replied correctly on avoiding antibiotics in cases of cough (86.3%), URI (74.4%), tympanic membrane dysfunction (64.1%) and prevention of secondary infection (63%). Eighty percent of physicians prescribed antibiotics for pharyngitis without requesting a throat culture. The majority of physicians admitted that antibiotic use is considerable in their community and that antibiotic resistance is a threat on the national and international level. Forty percent of pediatricians agreed and strongly agreed that giving advice to parents reduces their antibiotic demand. The same percentage disapproved that they might prescribe antibiotics in order to gain parents’ trust. Conclusion National campaigns are required to increase parents’ education and promote judicious antimicrobials use. Implementing national guidelines, ensuring continuing medical education for doctors and regulating over the counter sale of antibiotics are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Antibiotic Use in Family Medicine Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272098475
Author(s):  
Xavier Sánchez ◽  
Andrea Landázuri ◽  
Paulina Londo ◽  
Andrea Manzano ◽  
Andrés Moreno Roca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Continuous Medical Education ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background Inappropriate prescriptions of antibiotics lead to ineffective and unsafe treatments and worsening of diseases. Medical students may have deficiencies in their prescription skills and they may need further training in the use of antibiotics for their practice. Medical skills in prescribing antibiotics can be improved through continuous medical education. The aim of this study was to assess the current levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in antibiotic prescription in upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) among postgraduate family medicine students in Ecuador. Methods A cross-sectional study with an on-line survey, based on micro-curricular contents, to evaluate KAPs regarding antibiotic prescription in URTI among postgraduate family medicine students in 5 provinces of Ecuador. Results Two hundred and seventy-three physicians responded (94.1%). Most physicians treated between 1 and 5 URTI cases per day. The odds for inadequate knowledge and inappropriate practices in URTI among postgraduate family medicine students were 8.74 (95%CI, 4.94-15.46, P < .001) and 5.99, (IC95%, 2.66-13.50, P < .001) in physicians who were students of the first half of the study program. Conclusion The knowledge in URTI was limited among physicians. Nonetheless, they expressed a positive attitude toward not using antibiotics in URTI. A postgraduate program can significantly improve the knowledge and practices related to antibiotic prescriptions in URTI.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Prescription Practice on Antimicrobials Use Among Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110599
Author(s):  
Rixiang Xu ◽  
Tingyu Mu ◽  
Wang Jian ◽  
Caiming Xu ◽  
Jing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Practices ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Prescription Practice

Over-prescription of antimicrobials for patients is a major driver of bacterial resistance. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and prescription practices regarding antimicrobials among physicians in the Zhejiang province in China, and identify the determining factors. A total of 600 physicians in public county hospitals and township health institutions were surveyed cross-sectionally using a structured electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 580 physicians and the response rate was 96.67%. The mean score of 11 terms related to antimicrobial knowledge was 6.81, and an average of 32.1% of patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) were prescribed antimicrobials. Multivariate analysis indicated that young general practitioners with less training are more likely to contribute to more frequent antimicrobial prescriptions ( P < .05). In contrast, older physicians with more training are more willing to provide patients with the correct knowledge regarding antimicrobials and less likely to prescribe antimicrobials for URTIs. Correlation analysis showed that the level of physician's knowledge, attitude, and prescription practice is related ( P < .05). In conclusion, proper prescription of antimicrobials depends on adequate knowledge and regular training programs for physicians.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on prescription pattern of drugs in upper respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Divya Bade ◽  
Shivashankaramurthy K. G. ◽  
Kiran L. J. ◽  
Raghuprasada M. S. ◽  
Harishkumar V. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of hospital visits worldwide. Judicious use of antibiotics is challenging for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in developing countries like India. This leads to inappropriate use of antibiotics causing many dreaded conditions like antibacterial resistance among other things. Hence rational use of drugs, mainly antibacterial, is a priority to reduce the burden of treatment failure. The objective of this study is to study the prescribing patterns and rationality of drugs prescribed in the management of URTIs.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected from records of 300 outpatients clinically diagnosed as URTIs from SSIMS and RC Hospital, Davangere between January 2015 and June 2016. The prescribing patterns, approval status and listing of drugs in World Health Organization (WHO) essential medicines list/ National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) were analysed. The data was presented as percentages, mean and standard deviations.Results: A total of 300 cases were studied. Among these, acute pharyngitis (29%) and acute sinusitis (26%) are the most common infections. Of the 300 cases studied, 283 (94.3%) were prescribed antimicrobials. Of the total 740 medications prescribed, 393 (53.1%) were fixed-dose combinations (FDCs). A total of 724 medications (97.8%) were approved by Drugs Controller General of India and 248 (33.5%) by Food and Drug Administration. Only 5.8% of the prescribed drugs have been listed in WHO’s and NLEM. The most common class of antibacterials prescribed was Beta-lactams.Conclusions: Oral formulations were preferred over parenteral formulations and FDCs were preferred over single drug formulations. Beta-lactams comprised the major class of antibacterial prescribed.

scholarly journals Antibiotics stewardship in Ghana: a cross-sectional study of public knowledge, attitudes, and practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Jimah ◽  
Ama P. Fenny ◽  
Oladele Ogunseitan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a major contributing factor to global morbidity and mortality and is associated with inappropriate medication use. However, the level of antibiotic consumption and knowledge about antibiotic resistance in Ghana is inadequately quantified. Our study identifies strategies for improved stewardship of antibiotics to prevent the proliferation of resistant pathogens by assessing the level of antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and consumption behaviors by region, gender, age, and education in rural and urban Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 communities in the urban Greater Accra and rural Upper West regions of Ghana. A questionnaire survey was administered to 400 individuals aged 18 years and older in selected locations during September-October 2018 to gather data on individual knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate the association between demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors. Results Over 30% (125/400) had not received a doctor’s prescription during their last illness. Seventy percent (278/400) had taken at least one antibiotic in the year prior to the survey. The top five frequently used antibiotics were Amoxicillin , Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid , Ampicillin , Ciprofloxacin , and Metronidazole . Women and older adults had higher knowledge compared to their respective counterparts (p<0.01). Furthermore, prudent antibiotic use was significantly more prevalent in women than men (p<0.05). Although no regional differences were found in overall knowledge, compared to urban residents, individuals residing in rural settings exhibited higher knowledge about the ineffectiveness of antibiotics for viruses like the cold and HIV/AIDS (p<0.001). Two hundred and fifty-two (63%) respondents were unaware of antibiotic resistance. There was generally a low level of self-efficacy among participants regarding their role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics. Conclusion Antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and use varied significantly across demographics, suggesting a context-specific approach to developing effective community interventions.

scholarly journals Characteristics of prescriptions and costs for acute upper respiratory tract infections in Chinese outpatient pediatric patients: a nationwide cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wang ◽  
Lihua Liu ◽  
Jianchao Liu ◽  
Likun Miao ◽  
Qian Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract Background To understand the characteristics of prescriptions and costs in pediatric patients with acute upper respiratory infections (AURI) is important for the regulation of outpatient care and reimbursement policy. This study aims to provide evidence on these issues that was in short supply. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from National Engineering Laboratory of Application Technology in Medical Big Data. All outpatient pediatric patients aged 0–14 years with an uncomplicated AURI from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017 in 138 hospitals across the country were included. We reported characteristics of patients, the average number of medications prescribed per encounter, the categories of medication used and their percentages, the cost per visit and prescription costs of drugs. For these measurements, discrepancies among diverse groups of age, regions, insurance types, and AURI categories were compared. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Student-Newman-Keuls test were performed to identify differences among subgroups. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine the independent effects of those factors on the prescribing behavior. Results A total of 1,002,687 clinical records with 2,682,118 prescriptions were collected and analyzed. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.8. The most frequently prescribed medication was Chinese traditional patent medicines (CTPM) (36.5% of overall prescriptions) followed by antibiotics (18.1%). It showed a preference of CPTM over conventional medicines. The median cost per visit was 17.91 USD. The median drug cost per visit was 13.84 USD. The expenditures of antibiotics and CTPM per visit (6.05 USD and 5.87 USD) were among the three highest categories of drugs. The percentage of out-of-pocket patients reached 65.9%. Disparities were showed among subgroups of different ages, regions, and insurance types. Conclusions The high volume of CPTM usage is the typical feature in outpatient care of AURI pediatric patients in China. The rational and cost-effective use of CPTM and antibiotics still faces challenges. The reimbursement for child AURI cases needs to be enhanced.

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