scholarly journals Morphology and Morphogenesis of A New Soil Ciliate, Holostichides Songi Nov. Spec. with Notes on the Phylogeny of Holostichides (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Jingbao Li ◽  
Yurui Wang ◽  
Chen Shao
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Soil Ciliate

Abstract Background: Hypotrichia are a group with the most complex morphology and morphogenesis within the ciliated protists. The classification of the genus Holostichides is poorly understood particularly due to the lack of molecular data. Hence, the systematic relationship between this genus and other taxa in the subclass Hypotrichia remains unresolved. In this paper, the morphology and morphogenesis of Holostichides songi nov. spec. were studied, in addition, genomic DNA was extracted in order to sequence the small subunit rDNA. The main aims of this study were to document morphogenesis in H. songi nov. spec. and investigate the systematics of Holostichides based on morphology, morphogenetic, and molecular data.Results: A new bakuellid ciliate, Holostichides songi nov. spec. isolated from China, is investigated in terms of its morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogenesis. It is characterized by size in vivo 150–180 µm × 45–60 µm; 27–46 macronuclear nodules; cortical granules dark, spherical, about 0.5 µm across, clustered in groups and then arranged longitudinally; three frontal cirri with one to four smaller cirri below the middle one, one buccal cirrus, 9–15 frontoterminal cirri, and midventral complex composed of five to eight cirral pairs and two long midventral rows. The main events during binary fission are as follows: (1) in the proter, the undulating membrane anlage is formed from both the dedifferentiation of old undulating membranes and the basal bodies developing de novo, and the posterior part of the parental adoral zone of membranelles is renewed by new structure formed from the oral primordium; (2) in the opisthe, the oral primordium is formed intrakinetally; (3) Besides the second frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage II produces the extra one to four cirri. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data suggest a close relationship between Holostichides songi nov. spec. and its congeners, indicating that the genus Holostichides is monophyletic.Conclusions: The new bakuellid ciliate, Holostichides songi nov. spec. was studied using standard methods. In addition, the monophyly of the genus Holostichides is well supported in the phylogenetic tree.

scholarly journals New Contributions to the Diversity of Hypotrichous Ciliates: Description of a New Genus and Two New Species (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyang Ma ◽  
Tengyue Zhang ◽  
Weibo Song ◽  
Chen Shao
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Cortical Granules

Ciliated protists (ciliates) are extremely diverse and play important ecological roles in almost all kinds of habitats. In this study, two new hypotrichs, Wilbertophrya sinica n. g. and n. sp. and Bakuella xianensis n. sp., from China are investigated. Wilbertophrya n. g. can be separated from related genera mainly by the combination of lacking a buccal cirrus, pretransverse cirri, and caudal cirri, while possessing frontoterminal cirri. Analyses based on morphological and molecular data confirm the validity of the species, W. sinica n. sp., which is characterized as follows: body 50–115 μm × 15–35 μm in vivo; midventral complex comprises four or five cirral pairs only and terminates above mid-body; three frontal, two frontoterminal cirri, and two to four transverse cirri; about 15 macronuclear nodules; colorless cortical granules sparsely distributed. Another new species, B. xianensis n. sp., was isolated from a freshwater wetland and is defined as follows: body 115–150 μm × 40–65 μm in vivo; about 70 macronuclear nodules; dark-brownish cortical granules in groups; midventral complex comprises 8–12 cirral pairs forming a row that terminates posteriorly in mid-body region and two or three short midventral rows that are continuous with the row of midventral pairs; three frontal, four to six frontoterminal, and three to five fine transverse cirri; three bipolar dorsal kineties. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence data suggest that the new genus Wilbertophrya n. g. belongs to an isolated clade, which might represent an undescribed taxon at the family level, whereas B. xianensis n. sp. groups with several congeners and members of other related genera are within the core urostylids.

Morphology, morphogenesis and small-subunit rRNA gene sequence of the novel brackish-water ciliate Strongylidium orientale sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 1155-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xumiao Chen ◽  
Miao Miao ◽  
Honggang Ma ◽  
Chen Shao ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene

A novel stichotrich ciliate, Strongylidium orientale sp. nov., was discovered from a mangrove river in Hong Kong, southern China, and its morphology was investigated through observations in vivo and after protargol impregnation. Cells are 80–120×35–50 µm in vivo and fusiform in shape, with rounded anterior and tapered posterior ends. It is characterized by its brackish habitat and by the presence of two types of cortical granules arranged irregularly throughout the cortex. Morphogenetic events of cell division and physiological reorganization are described. The main ontogenetic features were: (i) only the posterior portion of the parental adoral zone of membranelles was renewed by dedifferentiation of the old structures; (ii) the oral primordium in the opisthe occurred apokinetally; (iii) the left and right ventral rows originated intrakinetally and the final left ventral row was spliced from two cirri from the frontoventral cirral anlage, a short cirral row from the anlage for the right ventral row and a long cirral row which was formed from the whole anlage of the left ventral row; (iv) the marginal rows developed intrakinetally; (v) the dorsal kineties replicated entirely de novo and did not fragment; and (vi) the two macronuclear nodules fused into a mass and then divided. Based on small-subunit rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analyses showed a close relationship with its congener Strongylidium pseudocrassum and with the genus Pseudouroleptus.

scholarly journals Morphological and phylogenetic studies on three members of the genus Pseudochilodonopsis (Ciliophora, Cyrtophoria) isolated from brackish waters in China, including a novel species, Pseudochilodonopsis quadrivacuolata sp. nov.

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 4323-4334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhishuai Qu ◽  
Hongbo Pan ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid ◽  
Xiaozhong Hu ◽  
Shan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene Sequence

Three cyrtophorian ciliates isolated from brackish biotopes in China, Pseudochilodonopsis quadrivacuolata sp. nov., Pseudochilodonopsis fluviatilis Foissner, 1988 and Pseudochilodonopsis mutabilis Foissner, 1981, were investigated using living observation and protargol-staining methods. P. quadrivacuolata sp. nov. can be characterized as follows: cell size 50–70 × 30–40 μm in vivo; body oval with posterior end rounded; four tetragonally positioned contractile vacuoles; 12–15 nematodesmal rods; five right and six left somatic kineties; terminal fragment positioned apically on dorsal side, consisting of 11–14 basal bodies; four or five fragments in preoral kinety. P. fluviatilis and P. mutabilis were generally consistent with previous descriptions. In addition, a brief revision and a key to Pseudochilodonopsis are presented. The small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was also sequenced to support the identification of these species. Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data indicate that the genera Pseudochilodonopsis and Chilodonella are closely related and both are well outlined; that is, all known congeners for which SSU rRNA gene sequence data are available group together, forming the core part of the family Chilodonellidae.

scholarly journals Morphology, Ontogeny and Molecular Phylogeny of a New Urostylid Ciliate, Bakuella (Pseudobakuella) Guangdongica n. sp. (Protista, Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) from Southern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Jingbao Li ◽  
Yurui Wang ◽  
Saleh A. Al-Farraj ◽  
Chen Shao
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Lack Of Information

Abstract Background: Spirotrich ciliates are one of the most diverse groupsin the phylum Ciliophora and are widely distributed in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial biotopes. Many nominal species are, however, poorly known and their systematic positions remain uncertain due to the lack of information concerning their infraciliature, morphogenesis, and gene sequences. In this paper, the morphology and morphogenesis of Bakuella (Pseudobakuella) guangdongica n. sp. were studied, in addition, genomic DNA was extracted in order to sequence the small subunit rDNA. Results: Bakuella (Pseudobakuella) guangdongica n. sp. is characterized by 150–225 µm in vivo; 35–42 adoral membranelles; three to five buccal, two frontoterminal and eight to 13 transverse + pretransverse cirri; midventral complex comprised of 10–20 midventral pairs and two midventral rows extending to transverse cirri; posterior part of marginal rows slightly overlapped; colorless cortical granules about 1 μm across, arranged in small groups; soil habitat. Its main ontogenetic features are: (1) in the proter, the parental adoral zone of membranelles is completely renewed by new structures; (2) in the opisthe, the oral primordium originates apokinetally, some old midventral cirri join the formation of frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen; (3) the anlagen for marginal rows and dorsal kineties develop intrakinetally; and (4) the numerous macronuclear nodules fuse into a single mass before dividing. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSU rDNA sequence suggests the non-monophyly of the genus Bakuella. Conclusions: The morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of the new hypotrichous ciliate, Bakuella (Pseudobakuella) guangdongica n. sp. were studied, the phylogenetic analyses show that the Bakuella is polyphyletic in the SSU rDNA.

scholarly journals Reconsideration of the ‘well-known’ hypotrichous ciliate Pleurotricha curdsi (Shi et al., 2002) Gupta et al., 2003 (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida), with notes on its morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 3216-3225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoteng Lu ◽  
Chen Shao ◽  
Yuhe Yu ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
Jie Huang
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data

The oxytrichid species Pleurotricha curdsi (Shi et al., 2002) Gupta et al., 2003, isolated from a tributary of the Yangtze River in the Mudong district of Chongqing, southern China, was reinvestigated with emphasis on its morphology, morphogenesis and small-subunit (SSU) rDNA-based phylogeny. Compared with three previously described populations, the Mudong population of P. curdsi is characterized by its large body size, 170–295 × 65–110 μm in vivo, and by having a variable number of right marginal rows, either two or three. Likewise, the number of right marginal rows anlagen (RMA) is also variable, i.e. usually two, but sometimes several small extra anlagen that give rise to the formation of the third row, are present to the left of the RMAs. We posit that the Mudong population is an intermediate form between the three previously described populations. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSU rDNA sequence data show that all populations of P. curdsi cluster with the type species of the genus, Pleurotricha lanceolata, in a clade nested within the Oxytrichidae.

Morphological studies and molecular data on a new marine ciliate, Apokeronopsis sinica n. sp. (Ciliophora: Urostylida), from the South China Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEIWEI LIU ◽  
JIQIU LI ◽  
SHAN GAO ◽  
CHEN SHAO ◽  
JUN GONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Marine Ciliate ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The morphology of a new marine urostylid ciliate, Apokeronopsis sinica n. sp., collected from the Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, was investigated. Additionally, the SSrRNA gene was sequenced in order to make a comparison at molecular level. Based on both morphological and molecular data, descriptions and comparisons with its congeners are provided. Apokeronopsis sinica is characterized by: body size about 150–200 × 50–65 µm in vivo; two kinds of cortical granules; about 20 cirri in frontal area which form the non-typical bicorona; 2 frontoterminal, ca. 4 buccal and 10 transverse cirri; midventral complex consists of 21–32 pairs of cirri; on average 35 right and 30 left marginal cirri; about 50 membranelles; invariably 3 dorsal kineties. A key to the identification of the known Apokeronopsis species was suggested. The small subunit rRNA gene sequence differences between Apokeronopsis sinica and its congeners range from 1.64% to 3.72%.

scholarly journals Morphology, Morphogenesis, and Molecular Phylogeny of a New Freshwater Ciliate, Quadristicha subtropica n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Shao ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
Jingyi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Freshwater Pond ◽  
Small Subunit Ribosomal Dna

The morphology and the regulation of cortical pattern associated with the cell size, division, and phylogenetic position of a new hypotrichous ciliate, Quadristicha subtropica n. sp. collected from a freshwater pond in southern China, were investigated. Quadristicha subtropica n. sp. is characterized as follows: size in vivo 60–115 μm × 25–45 μm; 19–21 adoral membranelles; buccal cirrus near anterior end of endoral and paroral; cirrus IV/3 at about level of buccal vertex; right marginal row begins ahead of buccal vertex; 11–16 right and 12–19 left marginal cirri; and dorsal cilia about 5 μm long. The basic morphogenetic process in Q. subtropica n. sp. is consistent with that of the type species, Quadristicha setigera. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data reveal that the systematic position of Q. subtropica n. sp. is rather unstable with low support values across the tree and the genus Quadristicha is not monophyletic.

Lollipopaia minuta from Thailand, a new genus and species of the Diaporthales (Ascomycetes, Fungi) based on morphological and molecular data

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Inderbitzin ◽  
Mary L Berbee
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Tropical Mycology ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

In this paper, we describe the new genus and species Lollipopaia minuta from a tropical rain forest in Thailand. The ascomata were long beaked and seated on a pseudoparenchymatous stroma that was erumpent through the bark of a decaying branch. Mature ascomata were readily formed under laboratory conditions. Lollipopaia minuta had ascomatal walls forming a textura intricata in surface view and deliquescent paraphyses. The asci floated freely at maturity and had a nonstaining apical ring. These characters are found in the Diaporthales. However, the habit of the stroma combined with the filiform ascospores distinguished L. minuta from all known genera of the Diaporthales. Thus, a close relationship to taxa outside the Diaporthales was considered. Lollipopaia minuta was similar to Ophioceras or Pseudohalonectria in shape of the ascomata, asci, and ascospores. However, phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences confirmed the placement of L. minuta within the Diaporthales with 100% bootstrap support. A closest relative within the Diaporthales was not determined.Key words: Magnaporthaceae, microfungi, taxonomy, tropical mycology.

Morphology and morphogenesis of a soil ciliate, Rigidohymena candens (Kahl, 1932) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotricha, Oxytrichidae), with notes on its molecular phylogeny based on small-subunit rDNA sequence data

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1912-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xumiao Chen ◽  
Ying Yan ◽  
Xiaozhong Hu ◽  
Mingzhuang Zhu ◽  
Honggang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Small Subunit Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
Soil Ciliate

The morphology and morphogenesis of the stylonychine hypotrich Rigidohymena candens (Kahl, 1932) Berger, 2011, isolated from garden soil in Qingdao, China, were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation methods. The Qingdao isolate possesses all diagnostic morphological characters of R. candens. The main events during binary fission are as follows: (i) the proter retains the parental adoral zone of membranelles entirely, whereas the old undulating membranes dedifferentiate into an anlage that gives rise to the leftmost frontal cirrus and the new undulating membranes of the proter; (ii) five streaks of fronto-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen are segmented in the pattern 3 : 3 : 3 : 4 : 4 from left to right, which form two frontal, four frontoventral, one buccal, five ventral and five transverse cirri, respectively; (iii) dorsal morphogenesis is in the typical Oxytricha pattern; (iv) three caudal cirri are formed, one at the posterior end of each of dorsal kineties 1, 2 and 4; and (v) the postoral ventral cirrus V/3 is not involved in primordia formation. The morphological and morphogenetic observations and phylogenetic analyses based on the small-subunit rDNA sequence data support the validity of Rigidohymena Berger, 2011 and its systematic position in the subfamily Stylonychinae.

scholarly journals Cell-division pattern and phylogenetic analyses of a new ciliate genus Parasincirra n. g. (Protista, Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), with a report of a new soil species, P. sinica n. sp. from northwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyang Ma ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Tengyue Zhang ◽  
Chen Shao ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
The Family

Abstract Background Ciliated protists, a huge assemblage of unicellular eukaryotes, are extremely diverse and play important ecological roles in most habitats where there is sufficient moisture for their survivals. Even though there is a growing recognition that these organisms are associated with many ecological or environmental processes, their biodiversity is poorly understood and many biotopes (e.g. soils in desert areas of Asia) remain largely unknown. Here we document an undescribed form found in sludge soil in a halt-desert inland of China. Investigations of its morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny indicate that it represents a new genus and new species, Parasincirra sinica n. g., n. sp. Results The new, monotypic genus Parasincirra n. g. is defined by having three frontal cirri, an amphisiellid median cirral row about the same length as the adoral zone, one short frontoventral cirral row, cirrus III/2 and transverse cirri present, buccal and caudal cirri absent, one right and one left marginal row and three dorsal kineties. The main morphogenetic features of the new taxon are: (1) frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen II to VI are formed in a primary mode; (2) the amphisiellid median cirral row is formed by anlagen V and VI, while the frontoventral row is generated from anlage IV; (3) cirral streaks IV to VI generate one transverse cirrus each; (4) frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage II generates one or two cirri, although the posterior one (when formed) will be absorbed in late stages, that is, no buccal cirrus is formed; (5) the posterior part of the parental adoral zone of membranelles is renewed; (6) dorsal morphogenesis follows a typical Gonostomum-pattern; and (7) the macronuclear nodules fuse to form a single mass. The investigation of its molecular phylogeny inferred from Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence data, failed to reveal its exact systematic position, although species of related genera are generally assigned to the family Amphisiellidae Jankowski, 1979. Morphological and morphogenetic differences between the new taxon and Uroleptoides Wenzel, 1953, Parabistichella Jiang et al., 2013, and other amphisiellids clearly support the validity of Parasincirra as a new genus. The monophyly of the family Amphisiellidae is rejected by the AU test in this study. Conclusions The critical character of the family Amphisiellidae, i.e., the amphisiellid median cirral row, might result from convergent evolution in different taxa. Amphisiellidae are not monophyletic.

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