Pollution, Ecological Risk and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Sediments from the Huafei River in the Eastern Suburbso Kaifeng, China

Abstract Rivers in urban environments are significant components of their ecosystems but remain under threat of pollution from unchecked discharges of industrial sewage and domestic wastewater. Such river pollution, particularly over the longer term involving heavy metals, is an issue of worldwide concern regarding risks to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, we investigate the long-term pollution characteristics of the Huafei River, an important urban river in Kaifeng, China. River sedimentary samples were analyzed, assessing the degree and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods; whilst Pearson’s correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses were used to identify the sources of pollution. The results show that heavy metal concentrations are significantly higher than their corresponding fluvo-aquic soil background values in China, and the geo-accumulation indexes indicate, that of the 8 heavy metals identified, Hg is most prevalent, followed in sequence by Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cr. The potential ecological risk index of the Huafei river is very high, with the potential ecological risk intensity highest in the midstream and downstream sections where it is recommended that pollution control is carried out, especially concerning Hg and Cd. Long-term sequence analysis indicates that Cu and Pb dropped sharply from 1998 to 2017, but rebounded in 2019, and that Zn shows a continuous decreasing trend. Four main sources for the heavy metal contaminants were identified: Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg derived mainly from industrial activities, traffic sources and natural sources; Cd originated mainly from industrial and agricultural activities; whilst As was mainly associated with industrial activities. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will provide theoretical references for the effective control and scientific management of heavy metal pollution in the Huafei River and its surrounding areas.

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Pollution, Ecological Risk and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Sediments From the Huafei River in the Eastern Suburbs of Kaifeng, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-368427/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bingyan Jin ◽

Jinling Wang ◽

Wei Lou ◽

Liren Wang ◽

Jinlong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

Industrial Activities ◽

Geo Accumulation

Abstract Rivers in urban environments are significant components of their ecosystems, but remain under threat of pollution from unchecked discharges of industrial sewage and domestic waste water. Such river pollution, particularly over the longer term involving heavy metals, is an issue of worldwide concern regarding risks to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, we investigate the long-term pollution characteristics of the Huafei River, an important urban river in Kaifeng, China. River sedimentary samples were analyzed, assessing the degree and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods; whilst Pearson’s correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses were used to identify the sources of pollution. The results show that heavy metal concentrations are significantly higher than their corresponding fluvo-aquic soil background values in China, and the geo-accumulation indexes indicate that of the 8 heavy metals identified, Hg is most prevalent, followed in sequence by Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cr. The potential ecological risk index of the Huafei river is extremely strong, with the potential ecological risk intensity highest in the midstream and downstream sections where it is recommended that pollution control is carried out, especially concerning Hg and Cd. Long-term sequence analysis indicates that Cu and Pb dropped sharply from 1998 to 2017, but rebounded in 2019, and that Zn shows a continuous decreasing trend. Four main sources for the heavy metal contaminants were identified: Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg derived mainly from industrial activities, traffic sources and natural sources; Cd originated mainly from industrial and agricultural activities; whilst As was mainly associated with industrial activities. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will provide theoretical references for the effective control and scientific management of heavy metal pollution in Huafei River and its surrounding areas.

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Characteristics and Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Soil Around Coal-fired Power Plant

10.21203/rs.3.rs-554137/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

yunhu hu ◽

mu you ◽

Guijian Liu ◽

zhongbing dong

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Power Plant ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

Heavy Pollution

Abstract The concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) in surface soils in the area surrounding a coal-fired power plant in China were measured, the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in different wind directions were analyzed, and the pollution degree of heavy metal in soil was evaluated. The soil around the power plant is generally polluted by heavy metals, and the degree of pollution is heavy pollution and moderate pollution. The potential ecological hazard of heavy metals in soil is moderate or slight. The values of Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index are different among different directions and different distances from the power plant. Cd, Hg and As are the mainly contributors for the potential ecological risk. The results revealed that wind direction is important for the distribution of heavy metal around coal-fired power plant. The study can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and management of soil heavy metal pollution around coal-fired power plant.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania

Water ◽

10.3390/w13131801 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 1801

Author(s):

Valentina Andreea Calmuc ◽

Madalina Calmuc ◽

Maxim Arseni ◽

Catalina Maria Topa ◽

Mihaela Timofti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Surface Sediments ◽

Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Danube River ◽

Pollution Indices

It is a well–known fact that heavy metal pollution in sediments causes serious problems not only in the Danube basin, but also in the large and small adjacent river streams. A suitable method for assessing the level of heavy metals and their toxicity in sediments is the calculation of pollution indices. The present research aims to assess heavy metal pollution in the Lower Danube surface sediments collected along the Danube course (between 180 and 60 km) up to the point where the Danube River flows into the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO, protected area). In addition, this monitored area is one of the largest European hydrographic basins. Five heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu) were analyzed in two different seasons, i.e., the autumn of 2018 and the spring of 2019, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP– MS) technique. Our assessment of heavy metal pollution revealed two correlated aspects: 1. a determination of the potential risks of heavy metals in sediments by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and 2. an evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments, using three specific pollution indices, namely, the Geo–Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (CF), and the Pollution Load Index (PLI). The results of this pioneering research activity in the region highlighted the presence of moderate metal (Ni and Cd) pollution and a low potential ecological risk for the aquatic environment.

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Application of Pollution Indices for Evaluation of Long-Term Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Lake Modrac in Bosnia and Hercegovina

Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON ◽

10.7251/qol1603066dj ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3-4) ◽

Author(s):

Nusreta Djonlagic

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Water Body ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Geo Accumulation

In this study the results of a 15-year long monitoring survey on heavy metals in water at Lake Modrac were assessed using pollution indices of heavy metals, such as Heavy metal pollution index HPI, Heavy metal evaluation index HEI and the Degree of contamination CD. The results of the survey on heavy metal pollution of sediment conducted in 2015 were used as input data for the following pollution indices: Concentration factor , Pollution load index PLI, Enrichment factor EF, Index of geo-accumulation Igeo, Ecological risk factor , Potential ecological risk index to the water-body, RI. The results showed a good correlation and the lake sediment was characterized as polluted. Enrichment factors and indices of geo-accumulation of heavy metals were indicated as very high enriched in the sediment, and have been identified as an anthropogenic source of pollution. Cumulative presence in the sediment is assessed through the pollution index, RI, and has been assessed as moderate ecological risk to the lake water-body. The application of pollution indices presents a valuable tool in assessing the long-term pollution status of Lake Modrac.

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Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16162861 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (16) ◽

pp. 2861 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiuling Li ◽

Henglun Shen ◽

Yongjun Zhao ◽

Weixing Cao ◽

Changwei Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Plant Species ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Concentrations

The Yi River, the second longest river in Shandong Province, China, flows through Linyi City and is fed by three tributary rivers, Beng River, Liuqing River, and Su River in the northeastern part of the city. In this study, we determined the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in water, sediment, and aquatic macrophyte samples collected from the junction of the four rivers and evaluated the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution. Most of the heavy metals in water were in low concentrations with the water quality index (WQI) below 1, suggesting low metal pollution. The sediments showed low heavy metal concentrations, suggesting a low ecological risk based on the potential ecological risk index (RI) and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The aquatic plant species Potamogeton crispus accumulated considerable amounts of heavy metals, which were closely related to the metal concentrations of the sediment. The plant species Salvinia natans also showed an excellent metal accumulation capability. Based on our results, the junction of the four rivers is only slightly polluted in terms of heavy metals, and the plant species P. crispus is a suitable bioindicator for sediment heavy metal pollution.

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Historical Evolution of Sources and Pollution Levels of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of the Shuanglong Reservoir, China

Water ◽

10.3390/w12071855 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1855 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zike Zhou ◽

Yongping Wang ◽

Haowei Teng ◽

Hao Yang ◽

Aiju Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Content ◽

Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk Index ◽

Pollution Levels

In this study, the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, and Pb) and Pb isotope in a sediment core from the Shuanglong reservoir, Southwestern China, were investigated. Based on the constant rate of supply (CRS) model, the age span of a 60 cm sediment sample was determined to range from the years 1944 to 2015. Combined with chronology and heavy metal content, the evolution of the sources and pollution levels of heavy metals showed a changing trend composed of various stages. The sources of heavy metals transitioned from natural origins in 1944–1964 to industrial origins in 1965–2004. The subsequent reduction in heavy metal content was mainly due to the vigorous implementation of environmental protection policies from 2005 to 2012. In recent years (2013–2015), the heavy metal content has increased due to frequent human activity. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and the coefficient of variation (CV) analysis indicated that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As were derived from natural processes, Pb mainly came from automobile manufacturing, and Hg was mainly from industrial sources. The values of the geo-accumulation index (Ig), single pollution index (Pi), and single potential ecological risk index (Er) showed that the contamination of Hg and Pb was slight to moderate. Moreover, the values of the potential ecological risk index (RI), pollution load index (PLI), and Nemerow index (PN) indicated that the Shuanglong reservoir is under low ecological risk.

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The Contamination Status of Heavy Metal in the Sediment of Beng River and the Protection for the Ecological Safety Engineering

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1809 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 1809-1812

Author(s):

Ji Cai Qiu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

River Sediment ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Sediment Pollution ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

Rubber Dam

To find out the heavy metal pollution condition from the Beng River sediment, we see the region from Beng River Rubber Dam to the Yimeng Road Bridge as research object.We monitored and surveyed on the three kinds of metal components (Cu, Zn, Cd) in the sediments from eight sectionsthe. With reference to the relevant domestic standards, we established sediment pollution evaluation criteria suitable for the region., We conducted the evaluation of ecological risk and pollution levels with the detection results by standard index of the potential ecological risk index and Nemerow France France. The results showed that: the heavy metals ecological risk index in Sediment from Beng River Rubber Dam to the Yimeng Road bridge section, Nemerow pollution index was 6.95, It was heavily polluted. This showed that the heavy metals in river sediment pollution was very serious.

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Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Water ◽

10.3390/w12061798 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1798

Author(s):

Lujie Shui ◽

Xiaojie Pan ◽

Xiaojuan Chen ◽

Fengyi Chang ◽

Duanji Wan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Three Gorges Reservoir ◽

Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Three Gorges ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

The Three Gorges

In order to understand the spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in the sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, surface sediment samples in six typical tributaries and estuaries were analyzed. The heavy metal content in sediment was detected by ICP-MS (PE Elan DRC Ⅱ, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) after digestion by mixed acid. The data were evaluated and analyzed using multiple methods, including the potential ecological risk index, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and cluster analysis. The results show that the tributary surface sediments were polluted by heavy metals to a certain extent. Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr have been enriched in sediments in recent years. The results of Igeo show that the pollution degree is as follows: Pb > Cu > Zn > Cr > Cd > Ni > As > Hg. According to the potential ecological risk index, the grades of Yunyang, Xiaojiang, and Xinjin are all medium risk, and Cd has the highest contribution rate. Combined with field investigation data, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis, we conclude that Cu, Zn, and Cr are likely to come from agricultural chemical fertilizers and industrial sewage, while Pb mainly comes from the discharge of ship fuel.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Sediment of the Main Tributaries of Dongting Lake, China

Water ◽

10.3390/w10081060 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1060 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jinying Xu ◽

Yuwei Chen ◽

Lilin Zheng ◽

Baogui Liu ◽

Jinfu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Dongting Lake ◽

Lake Area ◽

Xiangjiang River

Heavy metal pollution in sediment is one of the most serious problems in water bodies, including rivers, which can cause secondary pollution when environmental conditions change. In this study, surface sediment samples collected from the four main tributaries of Dongting Lake (i.e., Xiangjiang River (XR), Zishui River (ZR), Yuanjiang River (YR), and Lishui River (LR)) were analyzed for concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb. The spatial distribution, source, and potential ecological risk of these metals were determined. The results suggest a great spatial heterogeneity of heavy metals in the sediment of the studied rivers. Heavy metals had highest concentrations in the sediment of XR, especially midstream and downstream. A principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis indicated that Cd and As were mainly from industrial wastewater and mineral mining, Cr came from natural process and agricultural activities, and Zn and Cu potentially from both. Pb was originated from atmospheric deposition and river inflow transportation. According to the geo-accumulation index ( I g e o ), enrichment factor (EF), and risk index (RI) assessment, heavy metals pollution was highest in the sediment of XR, and Cd was the main pollutant in the sediment of XR, presenting considerable potential ecological risk. This may contribute to heavy metal pollution in Dongting Lake. This paper provides a reference for the aquatic environmental management of heavy metals in Dongting Lake area and its tributaries.

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Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil Alongside Highways and Their Relationship with Landscape

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11080800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 800

Author(s):

Cong Xu ◽

Jie Pu ◽

Bo Wen ◽

Min Xia

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Human Activities ◽

Agricultural Soil ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Ecological Risks ◽

Ecological Risk Index

The agricultural soil alongside highways has experienced multiple potential ecological risks from human activities. In this study, 100 soil samples near the highways were collected in Lishui District, Nanjing City. Using the single-factor pollution index, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, and the potential ecological risk index, the study investigated the heavy metal contents and distribution in roadside agricultural soil. PCA and a multiple regression model were applied to quantitatively analyze the spatial relationships between sampling soil heavy metal accumulation and the surrounding man-made landscape. The mean contents of Cu and Pb exceeded the background, while Cd, Cr, and Zn were lower than that. The potential ecological risk index exhibited a very low ecological hazard and only Cr in soils rarely showed moderate risk. Furthermore, quantitative analysis for the sources of contamination revealed that agricultural practices were the dominant contributors to the heavy metals, including Cd, Cu, and Zn, while road and heavy industrial practices contributed to Cr and Pb. The study provides sources of heavy metal pollution from human activities in roadside agricultural land and serves as a reference for ecological restoration.

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