scholarly journals Application of Pollution Indices for Evaluation of Long-Term Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Lake Modrac in Bosnia and Hercegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusreta Djonlagic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Geo Accumulation

In this study the results of a 15-year long monitoring survey on heavy metals in water at Lake Modrac were assessed using pollution indices of heavy metals, such as Heavy metal pollution index HPI, Heavy metal evaluation index HEI and the Degree of contamination CD. The results of the survey on heavy metal pollution of sediment conducted in 2015 were used as input data for the following pollution indices: Concentration factor , Pollution load index PLI, Enrichment factor EF, Index of geo-accumulation Igeo, Ecological risk factor , Potential ecological risk index to the water-body, RI. The results showed a good correlation and the lake sediment was characterized as polluted. Enrichment factors and indices of geo-accumulation of heavy metals were indicated as very high enriched in the sediment, and have been identified as an anthropogenic source of pollution. Cumulative presence in the sediment is assessed through the pollution index, RI, and has been assessed as moderate ecological risk to the lake water-body. The application of pollution indices presents a valuable tool in assessing the long-term pollution status of Lake Modrac.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Valentina Andreea Calmuc ◽  
Madalina Calmuc ◽  
Maxim Arseni ◽  
Catalina Maria Topa ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Pollution Indices

It is a well–known fact that heavy metal pollution in sediments causes serious problems not only in the Danube basin, but also in the large and small adjacent river streams. A suitable method for assessing the level of heavy metals and their toxicity in sediments is the calculation of pollution indices. The present research aims to assess heavy metal pollution in the Lower Danube surface sediments collected along the Danube course (between 180 and 60 km) up to the point where the Danube River flows into the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO, protected area). In addition, this monitored area is one of the largest European hydrographic basins. Five heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu) were analyzed in two different seasons, i.e., the autumn of 2018 and the spring of 2019, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP– MS) technique. Our assessment of heavy metal pollution revealed two correlated aspects: 1. a determination of the potential risks of heavy metals in sediments by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and 2. an evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments, using three specific pollution indices, namely, the Geo–Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (CF), and the Pollution Load Index (PLI). The results of this pioneering research activity in the region highlighted the presence of moderate metal (Ni and Cd) pollution and a low potential ecological risk for the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Pollution, Ecological Risk and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Sediments from the Huafei River in the Eastern Suburbso Kaifeng, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyan Jin ◽  
Jinling Wang ◽  
Wei Lou ◽  
Liren Wang ◽  
Jinlong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Geo Accumulation

Abstract Rivers in urban environments are significant components of their ecosystems but remain under threat of pollution from unchecked discharges of industrial sewage and domestic wastewater. Such river pollution, particularly over the longer term involving heavy metals, is an issue of worldwide concern regarding risks to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, we investigate the long-term pollution characteristics of the Huafei River, an important urban river in Kaifeng, China. River sedimentary samples were analyzed, assessing the degree and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods; whilst Pearson’s correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses were used to identify the sources of pollution. The results show that heavy metal concentrations are significantly higher than their corresponding fluvo-aquic soil background values in China, and the geo-accumulation indexes indicate, that of the 8 heavy metals identified, Hg is most prevalent, followed in sequence by Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cr. The potential ecological risk index of the Huafei river is very high, with the potential ecological risk intensity highest in the midstream and downstream sections where it is recommended that pollution control is carried out, especially concerning Hg and Cd. Long-term sequence analysis indicates that Cu and Pb dropped sharply from 1998 to 2017, but rebounded in 2019, and that Zn shows a continuous decreasing trend. Four main sources for the heavy metal contaminants were identified: Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg derived mainly from industrial activities, traffic sources and natural sources; Cd originated mainly from industrial and agricultural activities; whilst As was mainly associated with industrial activities. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will provide theoretical references for the effective control and scientific management of heavy metal pollution in the Huafei River and its surrounding areas.

Pollution, Ecological Risk and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Sediments From the Huafei River in the Eastern Suburbs of Kaifeng, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyan Jin ◽  
Jinling Wang ◽  
Wei Lou ◽  
Liren Wang ◽  
Jinlong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Geo Accumulation

Abstract Rivers in urban environments are significant components of their ecosystems, but remain under threat of pollution from unchecked discharges of industrial sewage and domestic waste water. Such river pollution, particularly over the longer term involving heavy metals, is an issue of worldwide concern regarding risks to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, we investigate the long-term pollution characteristics of the Huafei River, an important urban river in Kaifeng, China. River sedimentary samples were analyzed, assessing the degree and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods; whilst Pearson’s correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses were used to identify the sources of pollution. The results show that heavy metal concentrations are significantly higher than their corresponding fluvo-aquic soil background values in China, and the geo-accumulation indexes indicate that of the 8 heavy metals identified, Hg is most prevalent, followed in sequence by Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cr. The potential ecological risk index of the Huafei river is extremely strong, with the potential ecological risk intensity highest in the midstream and downstream sections where it is recommended that pollution control is carried out, especially concerning Hg and Cd. Long-term sequence analysis indicates that Cu and Pb dropped sharply from 1998 to 2017, but rebounded in 2019, and that Zn shows a continuous decreasing trend. Four main sources for the heavy metal contaminants were identified: Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg derived mainly from industrial activities, traffic sources and natural sources; Cd originated mainly from industrial and agricultural activities; whilst As was mainly associated with industrial activities. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will provide theoretical references for the effective control and scientific management of heavy metal pollution in Huafei River and its surrounding areas.

scholarly journals Analysis and Evaluation on Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Coastal Farmland Soil along the Wuma River

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongfei Cai ◽  
Die Xu ◽  
Shijie Zhao ◽  
Li Lei ◽  
Ji Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Farmland Soil

The thesis is aimed to provide a reference for the sustainable utilization of farmland soils along the Wuma River, an upstream tributary of the Chishui River in Guizhou Province. Geo accumulation index method, Nemero comprehensive pollution index method, and potential ecological hazard index method were used based on the experimental data for analyzing and evaluating the heavy metal pollution status of farmland soil along Wuma River. The results showed that: (1) The contents of heavy metals Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg in farmland soil exceeded the soil background values of 9.82%, 47.80%, 13.72% and 76.06% in Guizhou Province, respectively, but did not exceed the standard limit class II based on the environmental quality. (2). The pollutants of Pb and Zn in the research area mainly come from mineral exploitation, waste residue accumulation, and transportation. The enrichment of Cr and Cu may originate from the domestic garbage dumping and incinerated waste by residents along the coast and irrational agricultural activities. The main contents of Cd, As and Hg come from soil geochemistry. (3) The ranking of accumulations of eight heavy metals was IPb>IHg>ICu>INi>IZn>ICr>IAs>ICd, among which Pb was non-moderately polluted and the remaining heavy metals were at the clean level; Nemero comprehensive pollution index showed that As, Cr, Zn, and Ni were mildly polluted, while Pb, Hg, and Cu were moderately polluted. The ranking of potential ecological risk levels for the eight heavy metals was Hg, Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Cd, Cr, Zn. The overall ecological risk level is mild.

scholarly journals Heavy metals pollution indexing, geospatial and statistical approaches of groundwater within Challawa and Sharada industrial areas, Kano City, North-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Hamidu ◽  
Falalu B. Halilu ◽  
Kwaya M. Yerima ◽  
Lawal M. Garba ◽  
Arabi A. Suleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Pollution Status

Abstract The present study focused on pollution status of groundwater in the industrial areas of Challawa and Sharada in Kano city based on pollution indices, statistical and spatial analyses. Twenty groundwater samples representing groundwater of the studied areas (Ten from each area) were analyzed for the presence of Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn and Zn using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The result showed 95%, 5%, 60%, 15% and 25% of the analyzed water samples had detectable Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, and Mn above the drinking water limits of both Nigerian standards for drinking water quality NSDWQ and World Health Organization (WHO) with Cd dominating other analyzed heavy metals in the groundwater. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution revealed a low polluted status based on the contaminant index (Cd), synthetic pollution index, heavy metals evaluation index, and heavy metal pollution index. Metal index categorized the groundwater as seriously polluted. The statistical evaluation gave strong and positive correlations between indices and a moderate one between the metallic ions. Component analysis revealed a strongly positive loading of Fe, Ni and Zn while Cd had a strong negative loading. Cr and Mn were positive and moderately loaded. Statistical analyses suggested both anthropogenic and geogenic sources for the heavy metals mainly from the industrial and agricultural practices and rock weathering processes, respectively. This study is expected to be a useful tool in the planning, monitoring and mitigation of pollution activities in the area. Article Highlights The pollution status of groundwater with respect to heavy metals was investigated in the Challawa and Sharada industrials zones in Kano city Nigeria The concentration of Cd, Fe, Ni, Cr Mn and Zn was determined using the AAS Different Pollution indices of HPI, HEI, SPI, Cd and MI were utilized to categorized the area as low, medium and highly polluted. Spatial and temporal distribution maps demarcated based on the metal concentrations and computed indices in the area. CA, PCA, and HCA were used to identified the geochemistry, relationship, sources and origin of heavy metals in groundwater. The study revealed zones with low to high-risk groundwater in terms of toxic heavy metals and pollution status.

Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments along Western Coast of Bali Strait, Banyuwangi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Defri Yona ◽  
Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari ◽  
Anedathama Kretarta ◽  
Citra Ravena Putri Effendy ◽  
Misba Nur Aini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation

This study attempted to analyze the distribution and contamination status of heavy metals (Cu, Fe and Zn) along western coast of Bali Strait in Banyuwangi, East Java. Bali Strait is one of the many straits in Indonesia with high fisheries activities that could potentially contributed to high heavy metal pollution. There were five sampling areas from the north to south: Pantai Watu Dodol, Pantai Kalipuro, Ketapang Port, Pantai Boom and Muncar as the fish landing area. Heavy metal pollution in these locations comes from many different activities such as tourism, fish capture and fish industry and also domestic activities. Contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) of each heavy metal were calculated to obtain contamination status of the research area. The concentrations of Fe were observed the highest (1.5-129.9 mg/kg) followed by Zn (13.2-23.5 mg/kg) and Cu (2.2-7.8 mg/kg). The distribution of Cu, Fe and Zn showed variability among the sampling locations in which high concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher in Ketapang Port, whereas high concentration of Fe was high in almost all sampling locations. According to the pollution index, contamination factors of Cu, Fe and Zn were low (CF < 1 and Igeo < 1). However, high index of EF (> 50) showed high influence of the anthropogenic activities to the contribution of the metals to the environment. This could also because of the high background value used in the calculation of the index due to the difficulties in finding background value from the sampling areas.Keywords: heavy metals, pollution index, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, Bali Strait

scholarly journals Evaluating ecological risks and tracking potential factors influencing heavy metals in sediments in an urban river

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongping Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Huibin Yu ◽  
Hongjie Gao ◽  
Weining Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Potential Factors

Abstract Background Heavy metal pollution of aquatic systems is a global issue that has received considerable attention. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) have been applied to heavy metal data to trace potential factors, identify regional differences, and evaluate ecological risks. Sediment cores of 200 cm in depth were taken using a drilling platform at 10 sampling sites along the Xihe River, an urban river located in western Shenyang City, China. Then they were divided into 10 layers (20 cm each layer). The concentrations of the As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured for each layer. Eight heavy metals, namely Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg, were measured for each layer in this study. Results The average concentrations of the As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn were significantly higher than their background values in soils in the region, and mainly gathered at 0–120 cm in depth in the upstream, 0–60 cm in the midstream, and 0–20 cm downstream. This indicated that these heavy metals were derived from the upstream areas where a large quantity of effluents from the wastewater treatment plants enter the river. Ni, Pb, and Cr were close or slightly higher than their background values. The decreasing order of the average concentration of Cd was upstream > midstream > downstream, so were Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. The highest concentration of As was midstream, followed by upstream and then downstream, which was different to Cd. The potential factors of heavy metal pollution were Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, and As, especially Cd and Hg with the high ecological risks. The ecological risk levels of all heavy metals were much higher in the upstream than the midstream and downstream. Conclusions Industrial discharge was the dominant source for eight heavy metals in the surveyed area, and rural domestic sewage has a stronger influence on the Hg pollution than industrial pollutants. These findings indicate that effective management strategies for sewage discharge should be developed to protect the environmental quality of urban rivers.

scholarly journals Distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals in major rivers in Wuhan, China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11853
Author(s):  
Xingyong Zhang ◽  
Qixin Wu ◽  
Shilin Gao ◽  
Zhuhong Wang ◽  
Shouyang He
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Source Water Quality

Heavy metals are released into the water system through various natural processes and anthropogenic activities, thus indirectly or directly endangering human health. The distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Mo, Sb) in major rivers in Wuhan were analyzed by correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results showed that the spatial variability of heavy metal contents was pronounced. PCA and CA results indicated that natural sources controlled Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Mo, and industrial emissions were the dominant factor for V, Zn and Sb, while As was mainly from the mixed input of urban and agricultural activities. According to the heavy metal pollution index (HPI, ranging from 23.74 to 184.0) analysis, it should be noted that As and Sb contribute most of the HPI values. The health risk assessment using HI and CR showed that V and Sb might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk and As might have a potential carcinogenic risk to adults and children in the study area (CR value exceeded target risk 10−4). At the same time, it was worth noting that As might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk for children around QLR (HI value exceeded the threshold value 1). The secular variation of As and Sb should be monitor in high-risk areas. The results of this study can provide important data for improving water resources management efficiency and heavy metal pollution prevention in Wuhan.

scholarly journals Spatial Variations and Potential Risks of Heavy Metals in Seawater, Sediments, and Living Organisms in Jiuzhen Bay, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Sun ◽  
Bao-Shi Li ◽  
Xuan-Li Liu ◽  
Cheng-Xuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Living Organisms

Coastal waters are polluted by heavy metals to varying degrees, posing potential risks to marine ecology and human health. In May 2006, the pollution levels, sources, and ecological risks of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, and As) in seawater, surface sediments, and living organisms were studied in Jiuzhen Bay in Fujian, China. This study identified Hg (0.26–0.72 µg/L) and As (20.3–31.5 µg/L) pollution in the seawater of Jiuzhen Bay. In sediments, heavy Pb pollution (946 µg/g dw) was only detected at one station at a level posing very serious potential risk, while Hg pollution (0.052–0.087 µg/g dw) was observed at three stations at a level posing serious potential risk. No heavy metal pollution was detected in sediments at other stations. The concentrations of five heavy metals (Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) exceeded the corresponding National Quality Standards for oysters, indicating heavy pollution, based on an ecological risk assessment. In clams, two heavy metals (Pb and As) exceeded the standards, indicating light pollution, based on an ecological risk assessment. No heavy metal pollution was found in fish or shrimps. The heavy metals in the seawater and sediments of Jiuzhen Bay are mainly derived from the river discharges of Luxi and Wujiang Rivers although sewage discharge along the coast of Jiuzhen Bay is another source of heavy metal pollution at some stations. Given the pollution of Pb, Hg, and As in seawater and sediments at some stations within the bay, the potential risks of Pb, Hg, and As in living organisms to both the marine ecology and human health deserve increased attention.

scholarly journals An In-Depth Analysis of Water Quality Using GIS and Heavy Metal Pollution Index near a Gold Mining Area, Qorveh, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Jahangiri-rad ◽  
Mohsen Shariati ◽  
Mahdieh Yaaghoubi ◽  
Ali Haghmoradkhani ◽  
Abbas Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution Index ◽  
Metal Pollution Index

Introduction: Inappropriate management of mining activities may bring about water pollution and pose a heavy complication on aquatic ecosystem and humans. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Qorveh gold mining activities on the quality of nearby groundwater. Materials and Methods: The concentration of seven eco-toxic metals along with some general hydrochemical parameters were investigated for 27 sampling stations in the study area using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and conventional hydrochemical methods. The analysis results were further applied to compute pollution indices, namely heavy metal pollution index (HPI) for irrigation purposes. Results: The main elements were within the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iranian National Water Standards (INWS) for irrigation water quality, except for NH4+ in some sampling points. The concentration of heavy metals followed the order Cu > Zn > Pb > Hg > Cd > As. The contents of Hg, As, Cd, and Cu in most sites were higher than the recommended values. Except for two stations, the value of HPI based on the mean concentration was found to be far beyond the critical pollution index value of 100, suggesting that the area is highly polluted with some heavy metals. Conclusion: Elevated concentration of trace elements found in groundwater of this area represented the release of harmful elements from gold mining activities on surrounding environment.

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