A fronto-insular-parietal network for the sense of body ownership

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Moro ◽  
Valentina Pacella ◽  
Michele Scandola ◽  
Sahba Besharati ◽  
Elena Rossato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Lesion Analysis ◽  
Supporting Functional

Abstract Neuropsychological disturbances in the sense of limb ownership (DSO) provide a unique opportunity to study the neurocognitive basis of the sense of body ownership. Previous small sample studies focused on discrete cortical lesions and modular accounts, which cannot explain the modulations of DSO by multisensory, affective and cognitive manipulations. We tested the novel hypothesis that DSO would be associated not only with discrete cortical lesions, but also with disconnections of frontoparietal and fronto-insular white-matter tracts, supporting functional networks for multisensory integration and salience monitoring. To overcome the aforementioned methodological limitations, we drew on an advanced, probabilistic lesion-analysis and Bayesian statistics approach and tested this hypothesis in 49 right-hemisphere patients. Our results reveal that, as predicted, DSO is associated with lesions and disconnections of a fronto-insular-parietal network, suggesting that the sense of body ownership involves the convergence between bottom-up processes of multisensory integration and top-down control and monitoring of sensory salience.

Functional Anatomy of Intensity Aspects of Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Stimulus Modality ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Attention System

Abstract: Behavioral and PET/fMRI-data are presented to delineate the functional networks subserving alertness, sustained attention, and vigilance as different aspects of attention intensity. The data suggest that a mostly right-hemisphere frontal, parietal, thalamic, and brainstem network plays an important role in the regulation of attention intensity, irrespective of stimulus modality. Under conditions of phasic alertness there is less right frontal activation reflecting a diminished need for top-down regulation with phasic extrinsic stimulation. Furthermore, a high overlap between the functional networks for alerting and spatial orienting of attention is demonstrated. These findings support the hypothesis of a co-activation of the posterior attention system involved in spatial orienting by the anterior alerting network. Possible implications of these findings for the therapy of neglect are proposed.

scholarly journals The Emotional Glue of the Senses: Affective Certainty and Congruency in the Rubber Hand Illusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Filippetti ◽  
Louise P. Kirsch ◽  
Laura Crucianelli ◽  
Aikaterini Fotopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Affective Quality ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractOur sense of body ownership relies on integrating different sensations according to their temporal and spatial congruency. Nevertheless, there is ongoing controversy about the role of affective congruency during multisensory integration, i.e. whether the stimuli to be perceived by the different sensory channels are congruent or incongruent in terms of their affective quality. In the present study, we applied a widely used multisensory integration paradigm, the Rubber Hand Illusion, to investigate the role of affective, top-down aspects of sensory congruency between visual and tactile modalities in the sense of body ownership. In Experiment 1 (N = 36), we touched participants with either soft or rough fabrics in their unseen hand, while they watched a rubber hand been touched synchronously with the same fabric or with a ‘hidden’ fabric of ‘uncertain roughness’. In Experiment 2 (N = 50), we used the same paradigm as in Experiment 1, but replaced the ‘uncertainty’ condition with an ‘incongruent’ one, in which participants saw the rubber hand being touched with a fabric of incongruent roughness and hence opposite valence. We found that certainty (Experiment 1) and congruency (Experiment 2) between the felt and vicariously perceived tactile affectivity led to higher subjective embodiment compared to uncertainty and incongruency, respectively, irrespective of any valence effect. Our results suggest that congruency in the affective top-down aspects of sensory stimulation is important to the multisensory integration process leading to embodiment, over and above temporal and spatial properties.

The Healing Magic of Joy: Understanding Magic as a Metaphor for Positive Emotion in The Secret Garden

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Margrete Lamond
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Affective Content ◽  
The Secret Garden ◽  
Biological Nature

Literary analysis tends to be conceptual and top-down driven. Data-driven analysis, although it belongs more to the domain of scientific method, can nevertheless sometimes reveal elements of narrative that conceptual readings may fall short of identifying. In critiques of Burnett's The Secret Garden, the children's return to health is generally understood to be the result of their interactions with nature. Some readings add the power of storytelling as a healing force in the novel. Burnett's concept of magic has tended to be treated with uneasy abstractions, and the influence of affect on health remains open for further investigation. This article bases its argument on data-driven analysis that charts how affective content in the novel occurs in conjunction with references to magic. It identifies the narrative significance of negative allusions to nature and how concepts of magic occur alongside representations of positive affect, and suggests that the magic of healing in The Secret Garden is not the transforming power of biological nature, nor the transforming power of storytelling, but the transforming power of surprise, wonder and happiness in conjunction with all these factors. Positive affect represents the essence of what Burnett means by magic.

scholarly journals Multisensory integration underlying body-ownership experiences in schizophrenia and offspring of patients: a study using the rubber hand illusion paradigm

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel Prikken ◽  
Anouk van der Weiden ◽  
Heleen Baalbergen ◽  
Manon H.J. Hillegers ◽  
René S. Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Rubber Hand

scholarly journals Aquisição, afasia e a hierarquia prosódica

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Mirian Scarpa
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Pitch Range ◽  
Correct Placement ◽  
Pitch Direction ◽  
Slow Tempo

Studies on language acquisition have shown that the child exhibits a top-down trajectory in the acquisition of the prosodic hierarchy, starting with the organisation of the upper (intonational) prosodic levels. Rhythmic readjustments and postlexical secondary stress are later acquisitions. Prosodic disturbances of aphasia and dysarthria have been connected to the question of brain-damage lateralisation and linguistic processing. Subjects damaged in their right hemisphere are said to be dysprosodic; they produce few Fo variations, Fo flattenning, slow tempo. Prosody is said to be reasonably preserved in Broca´s subjects and well preserved in fluent (Wernicke) aphasia subjects. A comparative study was carried out with two subjects, one aphasic and one dysarthric. Some prosodic difficulties were observed in the speech of fluent aphasic subjects, related to the prosodic hierarchy, to the metrical grid and to syllable structure, respectively. On the other hand, the correct placement of pauses in the frontiers of upper domains of the dysarthric subject shows preservation of the prosodic hierarchy. Pitch-direction is also preserved, with short pitch-range. In both cases, the upper domains of the prosodic hierarchy are preserved.

scholarly journals Rubber Hand Illusion does not arise from comparisons with internal body models: a new multisensory integration account of the sense of ownership

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Litwin
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Multisensory Perception ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Sense Of Ownership ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Internal Body

Human body sense is surprisingly flexible – precisely administered multisensory stimulation may result in the illusion that an external object is part of one’s body. There seems to be a general consensus that there are certain top-down constraints on which objects may be incorporated: in particular, to-be-embodied objects should be structurally similar to a visual representation stored in an internal body model for a shift in one’s body image to occur. However, empirical evidence contradicts the body model hypothesis: the sense of ownership may be spread over objects strikingly distinct in morphology and structure (e.g., robotic arms or empty space) and direct empirical support for the theory is currently lacking. As an alternative, based on the example of the rubber hand illusion (RHI), I propose a multisensory integration account of how the sense of ownership is induced. In this account, the perception of one’s own body is a regular type of multisensory perception and multisensory integration processes are not only necessary but also sufficient for embodiment. In this paper, I propose how RHI can be modeled with the use of Maximum Likelihood Estimation and natural correlation rules. I also discuss how Bayesian Coupling Priors and idiosyncrasies in sensory processing render prior distributions interindividually variable, accounting for large interindividual differences in susceptibility to RHI. Taken together, the proposed model accounts for exceptional malleability of human body perception, fortifies existing bottom-up multisensory integration theories with top-down models of relatedness of sensory cues, and generates testable and disambiguating predictions.

scholarly journals RELASI LEKSIKAL PADA LEKSEM EMOSI DALAM NOVEL PULANG KARANGAN TERE LIYE (Suatu Kajian Semantik)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Windi Eliyanti
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Lexical Field ◽  
Lexical Relations

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami secara mendalam tentang relasi leksikal pada leksem emosi dalam novel Pulang karangan Tere Liye. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan teknik analisis konten. Data penelitian ini adalah semua leksem emosi yang terdapat dalam novel Pulang karangan Tere Liye. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat diperoleh beberapa kesimpulan, yaitu: (1) Leksem emosi yang ditemukan dalam novel Pulang karangan Tere Liye berjumlah 48 leksem. Leksem-leksem tersebut terdiri atas delapan ranah makna, yaitu ranah makna kesenangan (10 leksem), kesedihan (6 leksem), kemararahan (8 leksem), keheranan (4 leksem), rasa malu (2 leksem), kebencian (6 leksem), kesukaan (4 leksem), dan ketakutan (8 leksem); (2) Komponen makna pada leksem emosi yang berada dalam satu ranah makna yang sama ternyata tidak hanya memiliki persamaan melalui komponen makna bersama, tetapi juga memiliki perbedaan melalui komponen makna diagnostik; (3) Medan leksikal pada leksem emosi yang ditemukan ternyata berbentuk hierarki atas-bawah dan sejajar; (4) Relasi leksikal yang terjadi di antara leksem-leksem emosi yang berada dalam satu ranah makna dapat berupa relasi kehiponiman dan kesinoniman; dan (5) Makna semantis pada leksem emosi ditentukan oleh komponen makna yang bertanda (+) dan (±) yang dimiliki oleh setiap leksem berdasarkan (1) jenis emosi, (2) pelaku dan tujuan, (3) akibat, dan (4) penyebab terjadi.Kata kunci: relasi leksikal, leksem emosi, novel.AbstractThe purpose of this research is to gain deep understanding about lexical relations of emotion lexemes in the novel Pulang by Tere Liye. This is qualitative study used content analysis methode. The data in this study were all emotion lexemes contained in the novel Pulang by Tere Liye. Based on the analysis results, that can be concluded: (1) Emotions lexemes that found in the novel Pulang by Tere Liye totaling 48 lexemes. There are consists of eight the realm of meaning that is the realm of the meaning of pleasure, sadness, anger, wonder, shame, hateful, joy, and fear; (2) Component meaning of emotion lexemes which is in the realm of the same significance is not only a commonality through shared common component, but also has the distinction through diagnostic component; (3) Lexical field of emotions lexemes found that the top-down hierarchy shaped and aligned; (4) Lexical relation that occur between lexemes where are in a realm of meaning can be hyponymy and synonymy relations; and (5) Semantic meaning of emotion lexemes were determined by component of meaning that marked (+) and (±) which is owned by each lexeme through (a) type of emotion, (b) actors and purpose, (c) result, (d) causes occured.Keywords: lexical relations, emotion lexemes, novel.

scholarly journals Top-down recognition leads to a reduced sense of body ownership in individuals with depersonalization tendencies: A focus on full body illusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Yamamoto ◽  
Takashi Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Version ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Instruction Condition ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Self Association ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
Full Body

Sense of body ownership, i.e., the feeling that “my body belongs to me,” has been examined by both the rubber hand illusion (RHI) and full body illusion (FBI). In a study that examined the relationship between RHI and depersonalization, a symptom in which people experience a lower sense of body ownership, the degree of illusion was higher in people with a high depersonalization tendency. However, other reports have suggested that people with depersonalization disorder have difficulty feeling the sense of body ownership. Examination of depersonalization suggests that the negative body recognition in people with depersonalization may make them less likely to feel a sense of body ownership, but this has not yet been examined. In this study, by manipulating top-down recognition (e.g., instructing participants to recognize a fake body as theirs), we clarified the cause of the reduced sense of body ownership in people with a high depersonalization tendency. The FBI procedure was conducted in a virtual reality environment using an avatar as a fake body. The avatar was presented from a third-person perspective, and visual-tactile stimuli were presented to create an illusion. To examine the degree of illusion, we measured the skin conductance responses to the fear stimulus presented after the visual-tactile stimuli presentation. The degree of depersonalization was measured using the Japanese version of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. To manipulate the top-down recognition to the avatar, we provided self-association instructions before the presentation of the visual-tactile stimuli. The results showed that participants with a high depersonalization tendency had a lower degree of illusion (rho = -.589, p < .01) in the self-association condition, and a higher one (rho = .552, p < .01) in the non-association instruction condition. This indicates that although people with a high depersonalization tendency are more likely to feel a sense of body ownership through the integration of visual-tactile stimuli, top-down recognition of the body as one’s own leads to a decrease in the sense of body ownership.

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