scholarly journals RELASI LEKSIKAL PADA LEKSEM EMOSI DALAM NOVEL PULANG KARANGAN TERE LIYE (Suatu Kajian Semantik)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Windi Eliyanti
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Lexical Field ◽  
Lexical Relations

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami secara mendalam tentang relasi leksikal pada leksem emosi dalam novel Pulang karangan Tere Liye. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan teknik analisis konten. Data penelitian ini adalah semua leksem emosi yang terdapat dalam novel Pulang karangan Tere Liye. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat diperoleh beberapa kesimpulan, yaitu: (1) Leksem emosi yang ditemukan dalam novel Pulang karangan Tere Liye berjumlah 48 leksem. Leksem-leksem tersebut terdiri atas delapan ranah makna, yaitu ranah makna kesenangan (10 leksem), kesedihan (6 leksem), kemararahan (8 leksem), keheranan (4 leksem), rasa malu (2 leksem), kebencian (6 leksem), kesukaan (4 leksem), dan ketakutan (8 leksem); (2) Komponen makna pada leksem emosi yang berada dalam satu ranah makna yang sama ternyata tidak hanya memiliki persamaan melalui komponen makna bersama, tetapi juga memiliki perbedaan melalui komponen makna diagnostik; (3) Medan leksikal pada leksem emosi yang ditemukan ternyata berbentuk hierarki atas-bawah dan sejajar; (4) Relasi leksikal yang terjadi di antara leksem-leksem emosi yang berada dalam satu ranah makna dapat berupa relasi kehiponiman dan kesinoniman; dan (5) Makna semantis pada leksem emosi ditentukan oleh komponen makna yang bertanda (+) dan (±) yang dimiliki oleh setiap leksem berdasarkan (1) jenis emosi, (2) pelaku dan tujuan, (3) akibat, dan (4) penyebab terjadi.Kata kunci: relasi leksikal, leksem emosi, novel.AbstractThe purpose of this research is to gain deep understanding about lexical relations of emotion lexemes in the novel Pulang by Tere Liye. This is qualitative study used content analysis methode. The data in this study were all emotion lexemes contained in the novel Pulang by Tere Liye. Based on the analysis results, that can be concluded: (1) Emotions lexemes that found in the novel Pulang by Tere Liye totaling 48 lexemes. There are consists of eight the realm of meaning that is the realm of the meaning of pleasure, sadness, anger, wonder, shame, hateful, joy, and fear; (2) Component meaning of emotion lexemes which is in the realm of the same significance is not only a commonality through shared common component, but also has the distinction through diagnostic component; (3) Lexical field of emotions lexemes found that the top-down hierarchy shaped and aligned; (4) Lexical relation that occur between lexemes where are in a realm of meaning can be hyponymy and synonymy relations; and (5) Semantic meaning of emotion lexemes were determined by component of meaning that marked (+) and (±) which is owned by each lexeme through (a) type of emotion, (b) actors and purpose, (c) result, (d) causes occured.Keywords: lexical relations, emotion lexemes, novel.

scholarly journals Nilai-Nilai Akhlak dalam Novel Guru Aini Karya Andrea Hirata

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Khaerunnisa Khaerunnisa ◽  
Lutfi Syauki Faznur ◽  
Liana Meilinda
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Religion And Literature ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Written Text

Moral Values in Guru Aini Written by Andrea Hirata ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berisi tentang nilai-nilai Akhlak Al-Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan dalam novel Guru Aini karya Andrea Hirata. Nilai akhlak menjadi fokus utama pada penelitian ini karena akhlak merupakan salah satu pondasi dasar dari sifat manusia yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan perilaku manusia dengan Tuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai nilai-nilai akhlak berupa nilai takwa, tawakal, kejujuran, keikhlasan, sabar  dan syukur dari novel Guru Aini karya Andrea Hirata. Novel tersebut memiliki nilai akhlak yang perlu diterapkan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat serta menjadi khazanah keilmuan berkaitan antara agama dan sastra. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan analisis isi. Metode kualitatif ini dapat menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau atau isi komunikasi berupa percakapan, teks tertulis, dan fotografi. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian ini terdapat 6 kutipan dari nilai takwal, 14 kutipan nilai tawakal, 18 kutipan dari nilai kejujuran, 4 kutipan dari nilai keikhlasan, 1 kutipan dari nilai sabar, dan 14 kutipan dari nilai syukur. Kata kunci: Nilai-nilai akhlak, karya sastra, novelABSTRACTThis study contains moral values based on Al-Islam and Muhammadiyah in the novel Guru Aini by Andrea Hirata. The value of akhlak (moral) is the main focus of this research because it is one of the basic foundations of human nature which is very closely related to human behavior with God. This study aims to gain deep understanding of akhlak (moral) values in the form value of piety/morals, resignation/never giving up, honesty, sincerity, patience and gratitude from the novel Guru Aini by Andrea Hirata. The novel has a moral value that needs to be applied in social life and becomes a scientific treasure related to religion and literature. This research uses qualitative method and content analysis approach, this qualitative method can produce descriptive data in the form of written words or communication content in the form of conversation, written text, and photography. Conclusions from the results of this study there are 6 quotes from the value of piety/morals, 14 quotes from the value of resignation / never give up, 18 quotes from the value of honesty, 4 quotations from the value of sincerity, 1 quote from the value of patience, and 14 quotes from the value of gratitude.Keywords: Akhlak (moral) value, literature, novelThis study contains moral values based on Al-Islam and Muhammadiyah in the novel Guru Aini by Andrea Hirata. The value of akhlak (moral) is the main focus of this research because it is one of the basic foundations of human nature which is very closely related to human behavior with God. This study aims to gain deep understanding of akhlak (moral) values in the form value of piety/morals, resignation/never giving up, honesty, sincerity, patience and gratitude from the novel Guru Aini by Andrea Hirata. The novel has a moral value that needs to be applied in social life and becomes a scientific treasure related to religion and literature. This research uses qualitative method and content analysis approach, this qualitative method can produce descriptive data in the form of written words or communication content in the form of conversation, written text, and photography. Conclusions from the results of this study there are 6 quotes from the value of piety/morals, 14 quotes from the value of resignation / never give up, 18 quotes from the value of honesty, 4 quotations from the value of sincerity, 1 quote from the value of patience, and 14 quotes from the value of gratitude.

scholarly journals Social Values in Charles Dickens’s Novel “Oliver Twist”

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Sylvia Irene Persulessy ◽  
Emzir ◽  
AcengRahmat
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Generic Structure ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Life Values

The objective of this research is to acquire deep understanding about social values in the novels Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. The type of research was qualitative by using content analysis method. The data collected through document study and data observation about social values in the novel. The result of this research revealed that social values found and described in the novel Oliver Twist were love values consist of love and affection, dedication, mutual help, kinship, concern, and loyalty. Responsible values consist of sense of acceptance and belonging, obligations and discipline. Harmony of life values consist of justice, tolerance, cooperation, and democracy. The values were found and described through generic structure of the novel by the text quotations. Those results led to implication that Indonesian literature educators can apply Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist directly in the teaching process and motivate the students to analyze the novels.

scholarly journals CHARACTER EDUCATIONIN KHALED HOSSEINI'S NOVEL AND THE MOUNTAINS ECHOED

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anita Anita ◽  
Emzir Emzir
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Education Value

The aim of this research is to obtain a deep understanding of character education in And The Mountains Echoed Novel written by Khalid Hosseini. This research used qualitative approach, content analysis method, through structuralism and  semiotics study. Structurally, character education in this novel found in the theme, the plot, the characters and characterization, and the setting. Semiotically, the researcher found semiotics signs in And The Mountains Echoed novel relating to the character education, namely, index, symbol, and icon. The data were collected through a carefull reading of the novel, identification, and classification. The values taken are the combination between character education value from Pusat Kurikulum Balitbang Diknas and Lickona’s. However not all values are captured, among the 28 values, only thirteen caught from the novel. The values are hard working, religious, responsible, love, integrity, social care, never give up, thanks be to Allah, appreciating achievement, wisdom, creative, curiousity, and friendly/communicative. From the structure of the novel, the character education implemented explicitly and implicitly in the theme, the character and characterization, the setting, and the plot. While from the semiotics, the character education mostly found  in the form of index, followed by symbol,and then icon.  

scholarly journals PILIHAN LEKSIKAL DALAM NOVEL SEPATU DAHLAN KARYA KHRISNA PABICHARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Ira Yuniati
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Lexical Choice ◽  
Java Language ◽  
Figure Of Speech ◽  
Lexical Relations

AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang pendeskripsian kualitas pilihan leksikal pada novel Sepatu Dahlan karya Khrisna Pabichara yang mencakup pemanfaatan kosa kata bahasa Jawa, pemanfaatan kiasan/majas, dan hubungan leksikal dengan unsur tema. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kombinasi antara metode deskriptif analisis dengan metode hermeneutika. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah pilihan leksikal pada novel Sepatu Dahlan karya Khrisna Pabichara yang didapat dari hasil analisis pengkaji. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Sepatu Dahlan karya Khrisna Pabichara yang diterbitkan oleh Neura Books tahun 2012 dengan jumlah 369 halaman. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perpanjangan keikutsertaan, ketekunan pengamatan, uraian rinci/transferability, pemeriksaan teman sejawat, auditing/dependability, dan Konfirmability. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pilihan leksikal yang terdapat dalam novel Sepatu Dahlan karya Khrisna Pabichara adalah leksikal yang berhubungan dengan gaya bahasa kiasan/majas, yang terdiri dari gaya bahasa eufimismus, litotes, pleonasme, hiperbola, persamaan/simile, metafora, personifikasi, metonimia, dan ironi. Selain itu, juga terdapat leksikal yang berbentuk kosa kata bahasa Jawa. Novel ini dapat dijadikan inspirasi bagi generasi muda agar tetap gigih dalam menuntut ilmu pendidikan walaupun masalah ekonomi yang lemah.Kata kunci: Leksikal, NovelAbstracThe purpose of this research is to gain a deep understanding of the description quality lexical choice of the novel Sepatu Dahlan by Krishna Pabichara that includes the use of the Java language vocabulary, use of figurative/figure of speech, and lexical relations with elements of the theme. The method used in this study is a combination of descriptive analysis method with hermeneutic methods. The data in this research is lexical selection in the novel Sepatu Dahlan by Krishna Pabichara obtained from analysis of the reviewer. Sources of data in this study is novel Sepatu Dahlan by Krishna Pabichara published by Neura Books in 2012 with a number of 369 pages. Mechanical examination of the validity of the data used in this study were the extension of participation, persistence of observations, transferability, examination of peers, auditing/ dependability, and Konfirmability. Based on the results of research and discussion can be concluded that the choice of lexical contained in the novel Krishna Pabichara Shoes Dahlan is lexical associated with the style of figurative language/figure of speech, which is comprised of style eufimismus, litotes, redundancy, hyperbole, equality/simile, metaphor, personification , metonymy, and irony. In addition, there is also a lexical form of Java language vocabulary. This novel will be an inspiration for the younger generation in order to remain persistent in demanding science education despite weak economic problems. However, this novel has a weakness because of the Java language vocabulary which the author does not make sense or a translation of that vocabulary.Keywords: Lexical, Novel

scholarly journals The Philosophical Values of the Buginese-makassarese Women in the novel Pulau Based on the Adat Point of View: A Genetic Structural Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Syarifuddin Tundreng ◽  
E. Emzir ◽  
Ninuk Lustyantie
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Research Findings

The purpose of this study is to obtain an in-depth understanding of the description of Buginese-Makassarese women’s values in the novel Pulau by Aspar Paturusi from a customary (adat) point of view completely and intact. This research, using a qualitative approach with content analysis method. Data were collected through a recurrent and profound reading of the novel. Subsequently, recording, coding, identification, and classification were made. The data were analyzed and interpreted through a deep understanding and abstraction of the society described in the novel. The research findings show that in the life of the society of the ‘70s, the values of Buginese-Makassarese women in the novel Pulau by Aspar Paturusi covering the values of glory, loyalty, and tenacity value, adherence value, and family honor are highly preserved, nurtured, and upheld. These values are attached to Buginese-Makassarese women because they are able to understand and apply their roles and functions as identity, pride, and family honor.

SIMBOLISASI DALAM NOVEL SANG ALKEMIS KARYA PAULO QUELHO

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Endang Maruti
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Data Collection Method

The research aims to uncover the symbols in the novel The Alchemist and to gain knowledge about the moral teachings in the symbol. This research is descriptive qualitative approach. Data sources in this study are words, phrases or sentences in the novel Alchemist. Data collection method is a literature study method with note taking technique. Data were analyzed using description and content analysis methods. The results showed that the novel The Alchemist contained many symbols. These symbols include: (1) wise parents, who symbolize both negative and positive things. From his appearance, parents can symbolize something bad, but behind his old age he symbolizes a knowledge that is very much and wise; (2) stones that symbolize something hard, not easily broken, and can provide clues to something; and (3) deserts or deserts which can be interpreted as symbols of drought, aridity, unattractiveness, emptiness, despair, determination for ignorance, and also as symbols of devotion.  

The Healing Magic of Joy: Understanding Magic as a Metaphor for Positive Emotion in The Secret Garden

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Margrete Lamond
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Affective Content ◽  
The Secret Garden ◽  
Biological Nature

Literary analysis tends to be conceptual and top-down driven. Data-driven analysis, although it belongs more to the domain of scientific method, can nevertheless sometimes reveal elements of narrative that conceptual readings may fall short of identifying. In critiques of Burnett's The Secret Garden, the children's return to health is generally understood to be the result of their interactions with nature. Some readings add the power of storytelling as a healing force in the novel. Burnett's concept of magic has tended to be treated with uneasy abstractions, and the influence of affect on health remains open for further investigation. This article bases its argument on data-driven analysis that charts how affective content in the novel occurs in conjunction with references to magic. It identifies the narrative significance of negative allusions to nature and how concepts of magic occur alongside representations of positive affect, and suggests that the magic of healing in The Secret Garden is not the transforming power of biological nature, nor the transforming power of storytelling, but the transforming power of surprise, wonder and happiness in conjunction with all these factors. Positive affect represents the essence of what Burnett means by magic.

Hubungan Intertekstual Novel Candra Kirana dan “Tjerita Panji Angreni”: Perspektif Riffaterre

ATAVISME ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rosyid H.W.
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
The People

Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas hubungan intertekstual novel Candra Kirana karya Ajip Rosidi dengan "Tjerita Panji Angreni". Unsur apa saja dan bagaimana novel Candra Kirana memiliki hubungan intertekstual dengan "Tjerita Panji Angreni' sebagai teks hipogramnya adalah pertanyaan penelitian ini. Dalam menelaah hubungan intertekstual ini, penulis menggunakan teori intertekstual Michael Riffaterre yang menitikberatkan pada analisis isi dengan metode pembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa novel Candra Kirana menunjukkan hubungan intertekstual dengan Tjerita Panji Angreni melalui unsur tema, citra tokoh, dan alur cerita. Meskipun demikian, novel Candra Kirana juga mentransformasikan makna-makna progresif yang berbeda dengan "Tjerita Panji Angreni", seperti makna nasionalisme yang berupa cinta akan kerajaan, makna kesetaraan gender yang berupa kesetiaan laki-laki, keberanian, kekuatan, perjuangan dan ketidakpasrahan perempuan, makna kerakyatan dengan pelibatan tokoh utama dari kalangan rakyat dan makna religiusitas yang berbentuk dasar niat Panji dalam mencari pasangan hidup.[Intertextuality on Novel Candra Kirana and "Tjerita Panji Angreni": Riffaterres Perspective] This research aims to discuss the intertextuality of Candra Kirana novel by Ajip Rosidi with "Tjerita Panji Angreni". What elements and to what extend Candra Kirana novel has an intertextual relationship with Tjerita Panji Angreni as the hipogram text were the questions of this research. In examining this intertextual relationship, the writer used Michael Riffaterre's intertextual theory which focused on content analysis with heuristic and hermeneutic readings. The findings of this study were that the novel Candra Kirana showed intertextuality with the "Tjerita Panji Angreni" through elements of themes, character images, and story lines. Even so, Candra Kirana's novel also transformed progressive meanings that differ from the Tjerita Panji Angreni such as the meaning of nationalism in the form of love for the kingdom, the meaning of gender equality in the form of male loyalty, courage, strength, struggle and women's insecurity, the meaning of populist with engagement the main character of the people and the meaning of religiosity in the form of Panji's intention in finding a life partner.Keywords: intertextuality; novel; "Tjerita Panji Angreni"

Highlighting the Correlation Between Telomere Shortening and the Susceptibility to the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aml Ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Infection Pathways ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Demographic Distribution

COVID-19 is a global crisis that requires a deep understanding of infection pathways to facilitate the development of effective treatments and vaccines. Telomere, which is regarded as a biomarker for other respiratory viral infections, might influence the demographic distribution of COVID-19 infection and fatality rates. Viral infection can induce many cellular remodeling events and stress responses, including telomere specific alterations, just as telomere shortening. In brief, this letter aims to highlight the connection between telomere shortening and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection, in addition to changes in telomeric length according to the variation of age and gender of confirmed cases with COVID-19 infection. To sum up, the correlation is revealed from the available data that connect telomere length and COVID-19 infection, demonstrated in the fact that the elderly patients and males are more susceptible to COVID-19 due to shortening in their telomere length.

PENGAKUAN CALABAI: SEBUAH ANALISIS INTERTEKSTUAL NOVEL PASUNG JIWA KARYA OKKY MADASARI DAN NOVEL CALABAI KARYA PEPI AL-BAYQUNIE

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Krisna Aji Kusuma ◽  
Herman J Waluyo ◽  
Nugraheni Eko Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

<p><em>This study aims to describe the intertextuality relationship between the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari and Calabai by Pepi Al-Bayqunie. The type of research is descriptive qualitative approach using content analysis. Data are collected by inventorying events that are similarities and differences, specifications on the characters, settings, plots, and themes of both text. The research results indicate that there are similar themes on the two novels, the theme of self actualization in addition with the theme of family and friendship. The same characterization are also used by both author, masculine figures with feminine soul characters. The difference between the two novels lies on the plot and setting. Pasung Jiwa uses progressive plot and Calabai uses a flash-back plot.. Okky Madasari takes Java Island as the background in the novel Pasung Jiwa, while the novel Calabai, Pepi Al-Bayqunie using the setting of Sulawesi Island. The basis of the similarity of theme and characterization supported by the similirity of events in the story shows the existence of intertextual relationship between the two novels. As a previously published work, the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari is a hipogram and novel Calabai by Pepi A-Bayqunie as a transformational text. On the theme and characterization, the transformation of Calabai forward the hypogram, while in the plot and setting deviates his hypogram, Pasung Jiwa.</em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan intertekstualitas antara novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari dan novel Calabai karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan konten analisis. Data dikumpulkan dengan menginventariskan peristiwa yang merupakan persamaan dan perbedaan, spesifikasi pada tokoh, latar, alur, dan tema dari kedua teks. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan tema pada kedua novel, yaitu tema aktualisasi diri, ditambah dengan tema keluarga dan persahabatan. Penokohan yang sama juga digunakan oleh kedua penulis, yaitu tokoh maskulin dengan karakter jiwa feminin. Perbedaan kedua novel terletak pada alur dan latar. Pasung Jiwa menggunakan alur maju dan Calabai menggunakan alur campuran. Latar dalam novel Pasung Jiwa, Okky Madasari mengambil latar Pulau Jawa, sedangkan novel Calabai, Pepi Al-Bayqunie menggunakan latar Pulau Sulawesi. Dasar kesamaan tema dan penokohan didukung kesamaan peristiwa-peristiwa dalam cerita menunjukkan adanya hubungan intertekstual antara kedua novel. Sebagai karya yang terbit terlebih dahulu menjadikan novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari adalah hipogram dan novel Calabai karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie sebagai teks transformasi. Pada tema dan penokohan, transformasi Calabai meneruskan hipogram, sedangkan pada alur dan latar menyimpangi hipogramnya, Pasung Jiwa.</p>

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