Case Management Knowledge and Commodity Stocking Pattern for Common Childhood Illnesses among Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors in Ebonyi and Kaduna States, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selema Margaret Akuiyibo ◽  
Jennifer Anyanti ◽  
Babatunde Abiodun Amoo ◽  
Dennis Aizobu ◽  
Omokhudu Idogho
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Community Case Management ◽  
Integrated Community Case Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Childhood Illnesses ◽  
Management Knowledge ◽  
Source Of Care

Abstract Background: The trio of commonest illnesses and causes mortality among children under five (Malaria, Pneumonia and Diarrhea) are easily treatable through timely exposure to cost effective interventions at the community level. Patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs) are a leading source of care for illnesses among under-five children in Nigeria. This study was designed to explore child health services offering, particularly commodity stocking patterns and case management knowledge for common childhood illnesses among PPMVs in Ebonyi and Kaduna States.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among PPMVs in four local government areas across Ebonyi and Kaduna States. Data was collected using semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Information was obtained on medicine and supplies, knowledge of common childhood illnesses management and referral practices.Results: A total of 374 PPMVs were interviewed; the mean age was 33.7+­ 9.8 years. Among the 132 health trained respondents, 59.0% offer treatment services for sick children while 83.5% of the non-health trained respondents offer the same service. At least, 88.0% of the respondents keep stock ACTs, Amoxycilin DT, ORS and Zinc. About 38.5% reported stock-out of ACTs in the month preceding the study, 55.1% reported stock out lasting only 0 to 6 days. Only 83 (22.2%) of respondents knew the correct diagnosis of fast breathing among children aged 2 to less than 12 months old. Education and health training background were associated with a good knowledge of common childhood illnesses management (X2 = 44.88, p <0.001; X2 = 27.14, p <0.001).Conclusion: The relative constant availability of medicines and commodities for managing childhood illnesses positions PPMVs as a preferred source of care for these illnesses. There is a need to complement steady stock availability with provision of quality services by exposing PPMVs to trainings on integrated community case management of childhood illnesses and implementation of robust supervision mechanism to monitor them.

scholarly journals Contribution of Community Health Workers to the treatment of common illnesses among under 5-year-olds in rural Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Bagenda ◽  
Andrew Christopher Wesuta ◽  
Geren Stone ◽  
Moses Ntaro ◽  
Palka Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Case Management ◽  
Integrated Community Case Management ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Common Illnesses

Abstract Introduction The control of malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea is important for the reduction in morbidity and mortality among children under five years. Uganda has adopted the Integrated Community Case Management strategy using Community Health Workers to address this challenge. The extent and trend of these three conditions managed by the Community Health Workers are not well documented. This study was done to document Community Health Workers’ contribution towards treatment and the trends of the three common illnesses in Bugoye Sub-County in rural Uganda.

scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Community Health Financing: An Approach to Financing and Sustainability of Integrated Community Case Management of Childhood Illness in Rural Communities in Niger State

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
I. M. Sheshi ◽  
A. Ahmed ◽  
M. D. Sani ◽  
Y. F. Issa ◽  
B. E. Agbana
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
State Government ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Community Case Management ◽  
Integrated Community Case Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Introduction: Community based health financing mechanism is referred to as a process whereby household in a community finance or co finance the recurrent and capital cost associated with a given set of health services thereby also include management of financial scheme and organization of health services. Iccm as a strategy to providing integrated case management services for two or more illness including diarrhea, malaria, pneumonia among children from two to upto five years. It is a community approach where lay persons are trained on management of the three diseases. This approach is being funded by foreign donor. However, there was stipulated period in which this support would elapsed and the support from the state Government may not be feasible. In an attempt to source for financing of iccm, this study aim at determining the willingness of the caregiver to use Community financing approach through payment of Premium to finance this community intervention (iccm). The concept of willingness to pay is maximum price a consumer is willing to pay for a given product or services. Materials and Methodology: A descriptive Cross sectional study was carried out among four hundred respondents that were selected using Multi stage sampling technique. Data was collected, coded and entered into a computer. Analysis was carried out using SPSS. Chi Square and logistic regression was used as a test of significance. Level of significance was set at Pvalue less than 0.05. Results: Twenty two percent of the respondents had good knowledge of iccm activities. Less than half of the respondents 41.3% were satisfied with iccm activities. Majority of the respondents 93.3% were willing to pay. Out of this, half of them 50.0% said they could only afford to pay less than 1000 naira per annum and 72.8% said the convenient time to pay was during the harvesting time. Factors influencing willingness to pay include Age, marital status and income level ( Pvalue <0.05). Knowledge and level of satisfaction were not influencing factors. The predictor of willingness to pay are aged 38-47 years and income of less than 5000 naira. Conclusion and Recommendation: There was willingness of the respondents to contribute for financing and sustainability of iccm in Niger State but the amount the majority of them were willing to pay was less than 1000 naira which might not able to sustain the iccm activities. There may be need for further research to determine amount needed for the annual activities and hence sustainability of iccm. The Government should show much responsibilities toward financing of iccm. Bi-apartite arrangement could be made between State Government and the Communities with iccm in place on how to share some responsibilities of iccm activities.

scholarly journals Promoting The Integrated Community Case Management of Under-Five Pneumonia In Nigeria: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Okafor ◽  
Obinna Ekwunife
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Community Case Management ◽  
Integrated Community Case Management ◽  
Cost And Benefit ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Life Years

Abstract BackgroundWhile evidence-based recommendations for the management of under-five pneumonia at the community level were made by the World Health Organisation, the implementation remains poor in Nigeria. Initiatives to promote the integrated community case management (iCCM) of pneumonia through the proprietary and patent medicine vendors (PPMVs) have been poorly utilized possibly due to low financial support and perceived benefit. This study provides cost and benefit estimates and implications of promoting the iCCM through the PPMVs’ education and support. The outcome of this study will help inform healthcare decisions in Nigeria. MethodsThis study was a cost-benefit analysis using simulation-based decision-analytic Markov model. Two approaches were compared, the current scenario which is the use of amoxicillin dispersible tablet (DT) and amoxicillin DT plus promotion. Health outcomes include disability-adjusted life years averted (converted to monetary benefit) and severe pneumonia hospitalisation cost averted. Both the cost and benefit were expressed in 2018 US dollars. ResultsThe incremental benefit-cost ratio of promoting the iCCM was 1.37, while the total net-benefit was $3.31 (95% CI: $2.08 – 4.76) million from the whole country perspective, which will offset over three-quarter of the promotion cost. Implementing the promotion exercise at a cost above $6.82 million will not be a worthwhile decision. ConclusionPromoting the iCCM for the treatment of pneumonia in children under-five through education and support of the PPMVs holds promises to harness the benefits amoxicillin DT and provide a high return on investment. A nationwide promotion exercise should be considered especially in remote areas of the country.

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