Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale Among Patients With Depression in China
Abstract Background Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale assessment will be useful in identifying psychological pain level and in evaluating suicide risk. Due to the lack of a psychometrically valid tool in China, this study aims to translate the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale into Chinese and transculturally adapt the scale for the assessment of psychological pain of patients with depression.Methods Translators converted English version of the instrument into Chinese according to the Brislin translation model. A two-round Delphi survey with seven experts in psychiatry, psychology and psychiatric nursing established a consensus on the Chinese version of the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale. Reconciled version was pretested in interviews with thirty depressed patients before finalization.Results The prefinal Chinese version of the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale consisted of nine dimensions and 44 items. Effective recovery rates of two rounds of Delphi survey were both 100% and the authority coefficients were 0.871, 0.836, respectively. For the content validity, I-CVI, S-CVI/Ave in this study were 0.86-1, 0.97, respectively. During the translation, approximately 22.73% of all items were considered to be difficult to translate and 83.33% of all participants thought that these items were important. A total of thirty participants who were recruited from psychiatric department and medical psychological department of one tertiary psychiatric hospital in China took part in cognitive interviews. Most participants (n=26, 86.67%) reported that the items were easy understanding.Conclusion Chinese version of the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale was translated and transculturally adapted for use in clinical setting. This is an available instrument to evaluate psychological pain level and it is highly meaningful to include the psychological pain instrument for suicide risk.