Validity and reliability of Psychiatric Nurse Self-Efficacy Scales: cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo develop the Psychiatric Nurse Self-Efficacy Scales, and to examine their reliability and validity.DesignWe developed the Improved Self-Efficacy Scale (ISES) and Decreased Self-Efficacy Scale (DSES) using existing evidence. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data to test reliability and validity.SettingThe study’s setting was psychiatric facilities in three prefectures in Japan.ParticipantsData from 514 valid responses were extracted of the 786 responses by psychiatric nurses.Outcome measuresThe study measured the reliability and validity of the scales.ResultsThe ISES has two factors (‘Positive changes in the patient’ and ‘Prospect of continuing in psychiatric nursing’) and the DSES has three (‘Devaluation of own role as a psychiatric nurse’, ‘Decrease in nursing ability due to overload’ and ‘Difficulty in seeing any results in psychiatric nursing’). With regard to scale reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.634–0.845. With regard to scale validity, as the factorial validity of the ISES and DSES, for the ISES, χ2/df (110.625/37) ratio=2.990 (p<0.001), goodness-of-fit index (GFI)=0.962, adjusted GFI (AGFI)=0.932, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.967 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.062; for the DSES, χ2/df (101.982/37) ratio=2.756 (p<0.001), GFI=0.966, AGFI=0.940, CFI=0.943, RMSEA=0.059 and Akaike Information Criterion=159.982. The concurrent validity of the General Self-Efficacy Scale was r=0.149–0.446 (p<0.01) for ISES and r=−0.154 to −0.462 (p<0.01) for DSES, and the concurrent validity of the Stress Reaction Scale was r=−0.128 to 0.168 for ISES, r=0.214–0.398 for DSES (p<0.01).Statistical analyses showed the scales to be reliable and valid measures.ConclusionsThe ISES and DSES can accurately assess psychiatric nurses’ self-efficacy. Using these scales, it is possible to formulate programmes for improving psychiatric nurses’ feelings of self-efficacy.

Effect of Psychiatric Nursing Practice Online Education Using Case-Based VR

Purpose: This study was conducted to verify the effect of a simulation-based virtual reality psychiatric nursing education programMethods: This was a quasi-experimental study that used two groups and a pretest-posttest design. There were 35 nursing students in both the experimental and control groups. Data were collected between January 18 and February 28. The educational program was configured in four stages over four weeks. An afterprogram post-test was conducted for one week.Results: The experimental group showed significantly higher values for depression nursing knowledge (t=-3.96, p<.001), learning self-efficacy (t=-3.34, p=.001), and problem solving processes (t=-3.01, p=.004) than the control group.Conclusion: The educational program was found to be effective for nursing students' depression nursing knowledge, learning self-efficacy, and problem-solving processes. It is expected to be foundational material for developing various virtual reality-based simulation education programs.

Nursing Students’ Experiences of Gratitude Journaling during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Gratitude journaling has been used to improve grateful disposition. However, there is only limited data available on its application experience. This study aimed to: (1) explore the experiences of nursing students who have participated in gratitude journaling; and (2) assess students’ views of gratitude journaling as a nursing intervention. This study implemented an eight-week program of gratitude journaling with fourth-year nursing students who took a mental health psychiatric nursing course at a South Korean university. Following the eight weeks, students reflected on their gratitude journaling experience in a reflective essay. Using content analysis, 53 essays were analyzed. Five categories were identified from the reflective essay, as follows: “A new beginning”, “The engine that motivates continued participation: gratitude sharing”, “The process driving change”, “Changes brought about by gratitude”, and “Self-reflection”. Based on this experience, nursing students believed that it is important to promote steady participation when administering gratitude journaling as a nursing intervention. The study findings suggest that the gratitude journaling not only helped with nursing students’ perspective, emotional, and behavioral aspects and stress management, but also provided an opportunity to advance a step further based on self-reflection.

Exploring the Use of Student-Developed Outreach Videos to Provide Mental Health Wellness Education-A Pilot Project

BACKGROUND: Mental health and wellness outreach has been an area of concern at colleges and universities in the United States and a variety of electronic methods have been used to successfully promote health and wellness. This pilot project was in response to a previous descriptive study examining mental health issues on campus. AIMS: The primary aim of this project was to determine if implementing a peer-led outreach program in the form of bi-weekly, short-form educational videos would increase knowledge of mental health and wellness in students developing the videos. The secondary aim was to provide students an alternate clinical assignment that improved presentation development and group dynamics. METHODS: Nursing students enrolled in a psychiatric nursing course collaborated in small groups to create bi-weekly videos on topics related to mental health and wellness. RESULTS: The peer-led outreach intervention demonstrated positive outcomes, such as increased understanding of the common mental health issues facing college students and awareness of campus, as well as outside resources to assist with mental health and wellness. CONCLUSION: This project may increase the body of knowledge related to the importance of campus outreach, peer support, and general awareness of mental wellness and resources during pandemic restraints. Utilizing condensed, peer-led educational outreach via video format has the potential to aid in the educational development of psychiatric nursing students.