Evaluation of alcohol consumption motivation: psychometric properties of the Alcohol Consumption Motivation Inventory by V.Yu. Zavyalov

The alcohol consumption motivation inventory (ACM) was developed by V.Yu. Zavyalov. Now it is a widespread psychometric tool in research and clinical practice for the evaluation of alcohol consumption motivation in Russian-speaking patients with alcohol use disorders. The aim of the study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the ACM inventory. Results show that the factor structure of the ACM inventory significantly differs from the one stated in the original. The results of the statistical analysis allowed three significant clusters. Cluster A was composed of the scales of the conditioned triad—traditional, submissive, and pseudo-cultural motives. This cluster also partially included hedonistic motives and self-harm motives. Cluster B was composed of scales of personal and pathological triads—withdrawal, ataractic and hyperactivational motives. Hedonistic motives and addictive motives were also partially included. Cluster B included self-harm motives and hangover (addictive) motives. According to the data obtained, the ACM inventory cannot measure an alcohol consumption motivation in the way of the original method. Future work on the modification of the ACM inventory should be based on the results obtained recently in neurophysiological and clinicalpsychopharmacological studies in the field of motivation for alcohol consumption, and includes the revision of the items of the questionnaire, a statistically substantiated gradation of levels for assessing the effectiveness of the motives for alcohol use, and the validation of the version of the ACM questionnaire in women sample.

Validation of a Chinese version of the Tolerance for Mental Pain Scale-10 with Chinese college students

We built and validated a Chinese version of the Tolerance for Mental Pain Scale-10 (TMPS-10). Participants were 840 college students in Jilin, China. The TMPS-10 consists of two dimensions: managing the pain and enduring the pain. In our study Cronbach's alphas were .80 and .83, respectively, and test–retest reliability coefficients were .78 and .72, respectively, for these two dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis results demonstrate that the two dimensions accounted for 61.58% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis results show that the two-factor model fit the sample data well. As the Chinese version of the TMPS-10 meets the requirements for a psychometric tool, it can be used to evaluate Chinese college students' tolerance of psychological pain.

Behavioural and Physiological Correlates of the Canine Frustration Questionnaire

Frustration is a negative emotional state implicated in a range of canine behaviour problems. The Canine Frustration Questionnaire (CFQ) is the first psychometric tool developed to assess frustration tendencies in dogs based on owner report. However, to date, no published studies have assessed behavioural and physiological correlates of this trait. A novel behaviour test battery was developed to induce frustration in dogs, mapping onto the CFQ. Forty-four dogs were recruited and filmed whilst undertaking the test battery, and a CFQ was completed by each owner. Targeted behavioural measures were assessed from this footage, based on hypotheses aimed at evaluating convergent and discriminant validity with facets of the CFQ. In addition, a saliva sample was collected pre- and post-testing for 39 dogs, and a cortisol assay performed using ELISA to provide a physiological measure of arousal. A range of predicted behavioural test measures (e.g., vocalising and lunging) positively correlated with CFQ scores. For 22 dogs with pre-test salivary cortisol levels of <4 ng/mL (indicative of normal arousal at baseline), cortisol change and post-test cortisol levels positively correlated with the CFQ PC5 ‘Frustration coping’ score. These results provide further evidence of the validity of frustration tendencies as measured by owner report through the CFQ.

The Validity of Prayer Importance Scale (PIS)

Prayer is a central element of religiosity but research has focused primarily on distinguishing its types and analyzing its functional aspect. A particularly important issue is the subjective evaluation of prayer importance, which so far has not been reflected in the form of an independent psychometric tool. This is why the goal of the presented study was to develop Prayer Importance Scale (PIS) based on Tatala’s definition of the concept. Two studies were conducted to verify reliability and validity of the tool. The proposed model was found to fit the data well. Correlations of PIS with basic parameters of religiosity: religious awareness, religious feelings, religious decisions, bond with a fellowship of believers, religious practices, religious morality, religious experience and forms of profession of faith were found to be significant. PIS can be a quick method providing information on the degree of religiosity and be used in participant selection in research studies.

Preliminary Exploration of Obesity-Related Eating Behaviour Patterns in a Sample of Saudi Preschoolers Aged 2–6 Years through the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire

Background: The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is used with parents to determine the characteristics of eating behaviour of their children and, consequently, children’s propensity to become obese. It has been successfully used mainly in Western countries, but not in Saudi Arabia. In this pilot study, we explored the use of the Saudi version of the CEBQ for preschool children aged 2–6 years in Saudi Arabia, and assessed the associations between eating behaviours and children’s age, gender and relative weight and parental weight. Methods: Parents of 200 Saudi preschool children in Riyadh completed the Saudi version of the CEBQ. Factor analyses on all CEBQ items were performed and differences between genders and age groups were examined. Correlations between children’s BMI z-scores and eating behaviours were analysed using linear regression. Results: The factor analysis revealed an eight-factor solution similar to the theoretical factor structure, with good internal reliability and acceptable correlations between subscales. Boys scored higher than girls on food responsiveness; no difference between age groups was found. Positive associations between BMI z-scores and ‘food approach’ subscales, food responsiveness, enjoyment of food and emotional overeating were found, while ‘food avoidant’ subscales, satiety responsiveness and slowness in eating had inverse relationships with BMI z-scores. Maternal BMI had a positive association with BMI z-scores and food responsiveness. Conclusion: The CEBQ is a valid psychometric tool that can be reliably used to assess eating behaviour characteristics in Saudi preschool children.

824 UK CoPACK Study: Health Care Workers Knowledge and Confidence in Using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) And Related Anxiety Levels During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Aim The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant pressures on the NHS. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of infection. Personal protective equipment (PPE) lowers the risk of infection transmission. However, during the early phases of the pandemic, the information available regarding COVD-19 and the use of PPE has been unclear, with constantly changing guidelines. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and confidence about PPE usage among HCWs, in addition to measuring their anxiety levels during the COVID pandemic. Method A validated questionnaire was distributed among HCWs in as many UK hospitals as possible, during April 2020. The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions regarding demographics, knowledge on PPE guidance, HCW training and confidence levels in PPE usage and finally anxiety levels measured using the GAD-7 psychometric tool. Results 1055 responses were received. Nurses (49%), Healthcare Assistants (HCA - 20%), Doctors (17%), Physios (8%) and other (6%). 99% of respondents indicated they were familiar with PPE guidance, but only 1.6% answered all 3 questions on PPE guidance accurately. 86.4% of respondents received mask-fitting checks. 79.7% received donning-doffing training. Despite this, only 46.8% were confident on their familiarity with PPE. 32.5% felt that their hospital communication regarding PPE policy during COVID-19 pandemic was poor or very poor. 30% HCWs experienced severe anxiety. Conclusions National guidance and local training on PPE usage during the COVID-19 pandemic has been unsatisfactory, leading to higher anxiety among HCWs. Improved information delivery and training are essential in preparation for the second wave and future pandemics.

Construction and Validation of a Generational Identity Scale on Bangladeshi Older Adults

There is a lack of a psychometric tool for generational identity. We have conducted two studies involving Bangladeshi older adults who have witnessed the Bangladesh liberation war in 1971 to develop a new generational identity scale (GIS). The first study (N = 300) prepared an initial pool of 31 items and got them vetted by expert judges, which retained 21 items to form the provisional GIS (GIS-21). An exploratory factor analysis on GIS-21 excluded eight items and offered a two-factor solution: (i) identification with the generation and (ii) awareness of the generational importance. The second study (N = 176) ran a confirmatory factor analysis on the resulting GIS-13 and dropped another item to achieve a better model fit (SRMR =0.058, GFI = 0.986, AGFI = 0.980, and NFI = 0.980). The remaining 12-item GIS (GIS-12) showed excellent reliability (Mc Donald's omega = 0.898) and satisfactory temporal stability (ICC = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.27–0.77) over a 4-week interval. The scale's moderate correlation with another measure for generational identification demonstrates its convergent validity. Participants' transitional experience caused by the Bangladesh independence war in 1971 was also moderately correlated with the GIS-12 supporting further theoretical convergence of this scale. We recommend that researchers could use this scale on different populations and age groups upon appropriate validation.

Validity and Reliability of the Solidarity in Pandemics Scale

This study developed a measure of solidarity levels during pandemics, the Solidarity in Pandemics Scale (SPS). This was achieved using a study group of 842 individuals aged between 18 and 65 from different segments of society who had experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and differed in age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Exploratory factor analysis was used to establish the construct validity of the scale, producing a 15-item scale with a one-dimensional structure that explained 34.36% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis using a different study group revealed that all items have significant t-values, and the model established according to model fit indexes has meaningful and acceptable fit values. The internal consistency of the scale results was calculated using the Cronbach Alpha coefficient, and a reliability of .85 in terms of internal consistency was obtained. Test-retest reliability results as another indicator of reliability were found to be .85. Scores on the Altruism Scale were compared with those on the SPS to evaluate the scale’s criterion validity, and a significant relationship was found between the two scale scores. This analysis indicates that the Solidarity in Pandemics Scale is a valid and reliable psychometric tool.

Valuation of Subject Identity by Indirect Personality Profiling (V0) in the System for Analysis of Validity in Evaluation (SAVE).

In SAVE (López, et al, 2018), and although there are other potential factors (intelligence, bonding), the or V0 begins with indirect personality profiling, a technique that we consider most useful in Validity Analysis. It starts from a simple premise; by observing a person's behavior we can infer personality traits, without the need for a psychometric tool designed for that purpose (classical or direct assessment).