scholarly journals Viral and Atypical Pathogens Epidemiology of a Large Cohort of Patients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Shaanxi Province, Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Tian Yang ◽  
Ruiqing He ◽  
Xuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Atypical Pathogens ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Purpose To analyze and summarize the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) in northwest China for improving the clinical management and prevention of local ARIs. Methods Patients with ARIs in the Shaanxi Province from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect IgM antibody of eight respiratory pathogens. Results A total of 15543 eligible patients was included in this study. Overall, 36.01% patients (5597/15543) were positive for at least one of eight pathogens, among which single and mixed infections was accounted for 74.65% (4178/5597) and 25.35% (1419/5597), respectively. Mycoplasma (MP) showed the highest detection rate (18.12%), followed by influenza virus B (Flu B, 11.65%), chlamydia (CP, 7.00%), respiratory syncytial virus(RSV, 4.18%), parainfluenza virus (PIV, 2.83%), influenza virus A(Flu A, 1.69%), legionella (LP, 1.00%) and adenovirus (ADV, 0.70%). Flu B (17.54 %, 759/4327) was the most prevalent virus in patients aged less than 18 years. In addition, this group were more likely to have mixed infections. Autumn and winter were the high-occurrence season for ARIs. Conclusion These findings serve as a reference for local health authorities to develop further plans for the prevention and control of ARIs.

scholarly journals Pathogens Causing Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age in Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117863611989088
Author(s):  
Rebecca B Knobbe ◽  
Abdallah Diallo ◽  
Amary Fall ◽  
Aida D Gueye ◽  
Assane Dieng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: While acute respiratory tract infections are the main cause of paediatric mortality and morbidity worldwide, pathogen patterns shift due to factors such as hygiene, vaccinations, and antibiotic resistance. Knowledge about current cause of respiratory infections is lacking, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to identity the various respiratory pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in children below 5 years of age visiting a sub-urban primary care clinic in Senegal. Methods: A case-control study was performed in September and October 2018. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from cases; infants with fever and respiratory symptoms, and controls; children involved in the vaccination programme. Viral identification was conducted by polymerase chain reaction for 21 different viruses; bacteria were identified by culture studies. Associations between microorganisms, acute respiratory infection and severity of disease were calculated by multivariate regression adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, and living area. Results: Overall, 102 cases and 96 controls were included. Microorganisms were detected in 90.1% of cases and 53.7% of controls ( P < .001). Influenza virus A (including H1N1), influenza virus B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Streptococcus pneumoniae were independently associated with acute respiratory tract infections. Co-detection of two or more pathogens was present in 49.5% of cases; 31.7% of cases had a pneumonia and 90.2% was treated with antibiotics. Conclusions: This case-control study in a primary care setting in sub-Saharan Africa found influenza virus A and B, RSV, and S pneumoniae to be the main causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children below 5 years of age. We recommend evaluation of antibiotics prescription behaviour in this setting.

Comparative analyses of clinical features reveal the severity of human adenovirus type 55 and type 7 in acute respiratory tract infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhu ◽  
Shuyan Chen ◽  
Li Gu ◽  
Jiuxin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction. Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important pathogen in acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and HAdV genotypes are associated with disease severity. Hypothesis. Comparative analyses of clinical features could reveal the severity of different HAdV genotypes in ARTIs. Aim. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HAdV infections and explore the correlations between clinical features and HAdV genotypes. Methodology. A retrospective study was conducted on ARTIs at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital during the period 2011–2016. A standardized data form was used to record the clinical information. HAdV was detected by FQ-PCR from respiratory specimens, and genotypes were determined by entire hexon gene sequencing. Results. A total of 8044 samples were collected, of which 296 (3.7 %) were HAdV-positive. Patients ≤44 years old were more likely to be positive for HAdV. There were three peak periods of adenoviral infections, with detection rates of 13.03, 9.39 and 10.38 %, respectively. Six HAdV genotypes (HAdV-55, -7, -3, -14, -50, -2) were identified, with HAdV-55 and HAdV-7 being the most prevalent (50.6 and 21.5 %). Compared with HAdV-7 and other types, patients infected with HAdV-55 had a longer duration of fever (P=0.0428). Infections with HAdV-55 and HAdV-7 were more severe compared to those caused by other types, with higher rates of oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation (P=0.0172 and P=0.0144). All five deaths were caused by HAdV‐55. Conclusion. This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of HAdV infections in North China, revealing the higher severity of HAdV-55 and HAdV-7 in ARTIs. Thus, strengthened surveillance of HAdV genotypes is warranted.

scholarly journals Extracellular amoebal-vesicles: potential transmission vehicles for respiratory viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafik Dey ◽  
Melanie A. Folkins ◽  
Nicholas J. Ashbolt
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Viral Dissemination ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and immunocompromised adults worldwide. Here we report that amoebae-release respirable-sized vesicles containing high concentrations of infectious RSV that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Given the ubiquity of amoebae in moist environments, our results suggest that extracellular amoebal-vesicles could contribute to the environmental persistence of respiratory viruses, including potential resistance to disinfection processes and thereby offering novel pathways for viral dissemination and transmission.

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