scholarly journals A retrospective survey of strabismus surgery in a tertiary eye center in northern China, 2014-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Wan ◽  
Luqin Wan ◽  
Mingming Jiang ◽  
Yichao Ding ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
North China ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Common Type ◽  
School Level ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Main Population ◽  
Primary School Level

Abstract Background To evaluate the distribution pattern and changes of strabismus surgery in northern China. Methods The records of strabismus patients at Qingdao Eye Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The characteristics analyzed included gender, regional distribution, constituent ratio of age and type of strabismus. Changes during the periods 2014–2016 and 2017–2019 were compared and analyzed. Results A total of 5746 strabismus patients were recruited. The number of strabismus patients was relatively stable each year from 2014 to 2016 but gradually increased each year from 2017 to 2019. Of these, 51.7% (2868/5746) were male, and 48.3% (2778/5746) were female. The majority (89.8%, 5159/5746) of the patients were from Shandong Province. The statistical results of the constituent ratio of age showed that 32.4% (1860/5746) were 7–12 years old (primary school level). Patients under 12 years of age (preschool and primary school level) accounted for 60.0% (3447/5746) of all the patients. In terms of the types of strabismus, exotropia accounted for 63.5% (3650/5746), followed by esotropia and vertical rotational strabismus at 13.2% (758/5746) and 9.7% (555/5746), respectively. Intermittent exotropia was the most common type among the exotropia patients, accounting for 71.3% (2604/3650). Among the patients with intermittent exotropia, 62.5% (1627/2604) were children aged 4–12 years, and the basic type of intermittent exotropia was the main type. Four percent (231/5746) of the patients, of which adult patients comprised the main population, required reoperation.Conclusion Patients with strabismus at primary school level comprised the largest group of strabismus patients in north China. Exotropia was the most common type of strabismus, and intermittent exotropia was the most common type of exotropia. The rate of exotropia to esotropia was 5:1.

scholarly journals A retrospective survey of strabismus surgery in a tertiary eye center in northern China, 2014-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaomei wan ◽  
luqin wan ◽  
mingming jiang ◽  
yichao ding ◽  
yuan wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
North China ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Common Type ◽  
School Level ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Main Population ◽  
Primary School Level

Abstract Background: To evaluate the distribution pattern and changes of strabismus surgery in northern China. Methods: The records of strabismus patients at Qingdao Eye Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The characteristics analysed included gender, regional distribution, constituent ratio of age and type of strabismus. Changes during the periods 2014–2016 and 2017–2019 were compared and analysed. Results: A total of 5746 strabismus patients were recruited. The number of strabismus patients was relatively stable each year from 2014 to 2016 but gradually increased each year from 2017 to 2019. Of these, 51.7% (2868/5746) were male, and 48.3% (2778/5746) were female. The majority (89.8%, 5159/5746) of the patients were from Shandong Province. The statistical results of the constituent ratio of age showed that 32.4% (1860/5746) were 7–12 years old(primary school level). Patients under 12 years of age (preschool and primary school level) accounted for 60.0% (3447/5746) of all the patients. In terms of the types of strabismus, exotropia accounted for 63.5% (3650/5746), followed by esotropia and vertical rotational strabismus at 13.2% (758/5746) and 9.7% (555/5746), respectively. Intermittent exotropia was the most common type among the exotropia patients, accounting for 71.3% (2604/3650). Among the patients with intermittent exotropia, 62.5% (1627/2604) were children aged 4–12 years, and the basic type of intermittent exotropia was the main type. Four percent (231/5746) of the patients, of which adult patients comprised the main population, required reoperation. Conclusion: Patients with strabismus at primary school level comprised the largest group of strabismus patients in north China. Exotropia was the most common type of strabismus, and intermittent exotropia was the most common type of exotropia. The rate of exotropia to esotropia was 5:1.

scholarly journals A retrospective survey of strabismus surgery in a tertiary eye center in northern China, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Wan ◽  
Luqin Wan ◽  
Mingming Jiang ◽  
Yichao Ding ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
North China ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Common Type ◽  
School Level ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Main Population ◽  
Primary School Level

Abstract Background To evaluate the distribution pattern and changes of strabismus surgery in northern China. Methods The records of strabismus patients at Qingdao Eye Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The characteristics analyzed included gender, regional distribution, constituent ratio of age and type of strabismus. Changes during the periods 2014–2016 and 2017–2019 were compared and analyzed. Results A total of 5746 strabismus patients were recruited. The number of strabismus patients was relatively stable each year from 2014 to 2016 but gradually increased each year from 2017 to 2019. Of these, 51.7% (2968/5746) were male, and 48.3% (2778/5746) were female. The majority (89.8%, 5159/5746) of the patients were from Shandong Province. The statistical results of the constituent ratio of age showed that 32.4% (1860/5746) were 7–12 years old (primary school level). Patients under 12 years of age (preschool and primary school level) accounted for 60.0% (3447/5746) of all the patients. In terms of the types of strabismus, exotropia accounted for 63.5% (3650/5746), followed by esotropia and vertical rotational strabismus at 13.2% (758/5746) and 9.7% (555/5746), respectively. Intermittent exotropia was the most common type among the exotropia patients, accounting for 71.3% (2604/3650). Among the patients with intermittent exotropia, 62.5% (1627/2604) were children aged 4–12 years, and the basic type of intermittent exotropia was the main type. Four percent (231/5746) of the patients, of which adult patients comprised the main population, required reoperation. Conclusions Patients with strabismus at primary school level comprised the largest group of strabismus patients in north China. Exotropia was the most common type of strabismus, and intermittent exotropia was the most common type of exotropia. The rate of exotropia to esotropia was 5:1.

scholarly journals The Demography and Aetiology of Strabismus Patients in a Tertiary Eye Centre in North China, 2014-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaomei wan ◽  
luqin wan ◽  
mingming jiang ◽  
yichao ding ◽  
yuan wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
North China ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
School Level ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Main Population ◽  
Primary School Level

Abstract BackgroundTo analyse the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of strabismus patients in north China. MethodsThe records of strabismus patients at Qingdao Eye Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The characteristics analysed included gender, regional distribution, constituent ratio of age and type of strabismus. Changes during the periods 2014–2016 and 2017–2019 were compared and analysed. ResultsA total of 5746 strabismus patients were recruited. The number of strabismus patients was relatively stable each year from 2014 to 2016 but gradually increased each year from 2017 to 2019. Of these, 51.7% (2868/5746) were male, and 48.3% (2778/5746) were female. The majority (89.8%, 5159/5746) of the patients were from Shandong Province. The statistical results of the constituent ratio of age showed that 32.4% (1860/5746) were 7–12 years old(primary school level). Patients under 12 years of age (preschool and primary school level) accounted for 60.0% (3447/5746) of all the patients. In terms of the types of strabismus, exotropia accounted for 63.5% (3650/5746), followed by esotropia and vertical rotational strabismus at 13.2% (758/5746) and 9.7% (555/5746), respectively. Intermittent exotropia was the most common type among the exotropia patients, accounting for 71.3% (2604/3650). Among the patients with intermittent exotropia, 62.5% (1627/2604) were children aged 4–12 years, and the basic type of intermittent exotropia was the main type. Four percent (231/5746) of the patients, of which adult patients comprised the main population, required reoperation.ConclusionPatients with strabismus at primary school level comprised the largest group of strabismus patients in north China. Exotropia was the most common type of strabismus, and intermittent exotropia was the most common type of exotropia. The rate of exotropia to esotropia was 5:1.

Investigating learning in science at the primary school level

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Biddulph ◽  
Roger Osborne ◽  
Peter Freyberg
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Level ◽  
Primary School Level

Recent Research on Teaching: A Dream, a Belief, and a Model

1978 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
School Level ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Model Following ◽  
Research On Teaching ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Primary School Level ◽  
Interpretive Framework

An attempt is made to provide an interpretive framework for the findings of recent research on teaching at the primary-school level. A model of teaching/learning processes is outlined prior to an investigation of the empirical linkages between the elements of the model. Following this, the implications of the model for teaching skills are explored.

scholarly journals ‘Can We See It?’: Contextualizing ‘Deforestation’ from an English-Medium Science Textbook for a Primary School Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
School Level ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Science Textbook ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Multimodal Discourse Analysis ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Primary School Level

Understanding an English-medium science textbook is possibly challenging for some students. It is, for example, due to the language used. To deal with this issue, construing the use of the other mode, such as visual images, along with the verbal text is regarded useful. Thereby, the construal of multimodality in an English-medium science textbook becomes crucial. Albeit a myriad of inspections on multimodality exists, but to the best of the writer’s knowledge, such investigation with respect to an English-medium science textbook, particularly at a primary school level, was found to be limited. Therefore, this study aimed to scrutinize the verbal text and visual image presented in a science textbook used for a primary school level which is presented in English. To that end, a descriptive research design was employed. In this regard, a systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis (SF-MDA) within the trinocular metafunctions encompassing ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions was utilized. The systemic functional linguistics theory, the grammar of visual design, intersemiotic complementarity, and logico-semantics were the frameworks employed to analyze the artefact, the English-medium science textbook. The findings revealed that the visual image and verbal text interact with one another within the three metafunctions. Given the interaction between the two modes, the present study suggests that both teachers and students are required to take into considerations and be aware of the potential or roles of images along with the verbal text, i.e. the images are not merely accessories, but instead, these are able to assist the comprehension of the science materials learned.

scholarly journals The role of concepts in science teaching

2003 ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Milanovic-Nahod ◽  
Nadezda Saranovic-Bozanovic ◽  
Dragica Sisovic
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Concept Learning ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
School Level ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Primary School Level

The present paper poses essential questions: What knowledge should students attain and what methods should be applied? The authors started up from cognitivistic view of cognition related to: (a) organizing knowledge of science in the form of generalized ideas or major concepts that can be reduced to a large number of information items, and (b) manner of building up students? knowledge into meaningful units as matrices of interrelated concepts. Attention is directed to difficulties emerging in developing cognitive structures related to complex contents of science and methods of concept learning in the teaching process. The results of investigations show that students? mastery of concepts is poor, and the reasons are to be found in the abstract character of contents themselves, lack of ability to interrelate contents within one discipline and between cognate ones, and the absence of establishing relationships between scientific concepts in cognitive structure. An efficient method of presenting scientific concepts was given and explained at three levels, such as macro, micro and symbolic. A model was suggested as a possible method for netting concepts in chemistry at primary school level. Practical recommendations were given to teachers how to assess students? cognitive structure and how to apply appropriate methods.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Role and Responsibilities of Head Teachers at Primary Level in District Shaheed Benazirabad

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 384-388
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Shaikh ◽  
Mahboob Ali Deraj ◽  
Zahid Hussain Sahito
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Research Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Primary School Level

The purpose of this research study was to review the expected role and responsibilities to be played by headteachers and done in reality at the primary school level in District Shaheed Benazirabad. It has been observed that headteachers in public schools at the primary level are not performing as per the need of the time. For the purpose, a tailor-made questionnaire was distributed among randomly selected headteachers. The quantitative research approach was used to solve the query. The results indicate the lenient approach of headteachers towards their duties.

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