The Effects of Massive Classes in the English Language Andragogy: A study at Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS) Bahawalpur

The research investigates the impact of class size on English as second dialect andragogy in proper setup. The exploration was conducted at CUVAS Bahawalpur. For English language instructing, several BS classes are merged, which came about into an expansion in class size. It has impacted the nature of educating by virtue of a few issues looked at by instructors just as learners. A survey technique was applied to gather the information from 312 students (196 female and 116 male) on the educational, societal, and psychological factors that huge classes have on the English dialectal andragogy. Data were examined through SPSS. The findings of the study plainly show that enormous class sizes unfavorably affect the nature of teaching and learning. The study will be beneficial for teachers, students, and policymakers

Perception Based Evaluation of Pedestrianization at Liberty Market Lahore

Numerous individuals believe that non-motorized modes normally, walking, cycling, and biking, are less privileged to utilize public roads than motor vehicles. More often, pedestrians and cyclists are not facilitated to use the public road to avoid traffic delays. This highlights the biasness of transportation planning practices towards motorized travel and constant negligence in the planning of pedestrian infrastructure. Pedestrianization is adopted as a distinctive practice around the globe; it implies the expulsion of vehicular traffic from the avenues of urban regions as it holds significant social, affordable, and ecological advantages. But in Pakistan, there are no such instances of pedestrianization, especially in Lahore there are three models Liberty Market, Anarkali and Fortress Stadium. In Anarkali Market pedestrianization venture was a disappointment, while in Liberty Market pedestrianization task is a triumph. This study explores the factors contributing to the success of pedestrianization through literature review and detailed survey from shopkeepers and pedestrians of Liberty Market. It was gleaned out that landscaping, street furniture and overall ambience are not the only factors for the success of a pedestrianization, but security, parking facilities, adherence to law and maintenance of order plays a vital role as well.

Evaluation of Government Programs & Policies to Eradicate Gender Disparities in Pakistan

Like many other developing nations, Pakistan is also facing a gender gap in its socio-cultural spheres. Since independence, many programs and policies have been made in public and private sector domains to eradicate these gender disparities. This paper aims to evaluate these programs and policies by encountering their salient features and how far these programs and policies proved to be fruitful in bridging this gap. The evaluation is done majorly through a desk review of the secondary data drawn from reports published by different government and local organizations. Mainly, the qualitative methods of content and thematic analyses were employed for exploring the gender-based disparities, and how these are affecting the pace of development in Pakistan. Moreover, an assessment of strategies and policies addressing the problem of the gender gap has also been done. Based on the study findings, this paper presents some policy recommendations to reduce gender base disparities which is one of the many prerequisites for the promotion of sustainable development agenda as gender equality is the 5th goal of the United Nations sustainable development agenda.

Teaching in a Polarized Islamic Society: A Phenomenological Study of the Christian School Teachers in the Gujrat City

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is also home to other religious minorities. Since Independence, these minorities have played a significant role in serving the nation through different professions, and teaching is one of them. Yet, there is a growing concern regarding how well and respectfully they are accommodated in a Muslim majority society. This phenomenological research study explores the perspectives of Christian teachers concerning their difficulties in dealing with students and parents of different religions and their support needs. Ten teachers were purposively selected for semi-structured interviews. Content analysis revealed that although most teachers were satisfied with working conditions and the behaviors of students and parents with them, few of them highlighted the issues of forced conversion to Islam and usage of derogatory language. Teachers also suggested that there is a need to change the mindset of the people through education, and the government should provide more opportunities to minorities.

Factors Influencing Teaching Quality of English Language at High School Level in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

The purpose of the study is to explore the factors influencing the quality of English LL as a foreign language in secondary education. A questionnaire was constructed and applied to cover the main objectives of the current research. A survey method using a five-point Likert-type questionnaire was applied to collect the data from 67 teachers teaching the English language at the school level in the schools of southern Punjab, Pakistan. Collected data were entered in SPSS (Statistical Package for social science). The data was analyzed by using related statistical Testes i.e. descriptive statistics, T-test ANOVA, etc. Findings of the study support appointment of non-qualified teachers, teaching English through science teachers, lack of proper teaching aids through proper and effective English language teaching methodology, lack of proper teachers' professional training, and overcrowded classrooms. On the basis of findings, proper English teachers with appropriate use of teaching methodology to the apt size of the class is recommended.

Effects of Harassment on Academic Performance: A Case of University Students of Lahore

This research study attempted to explore the effects of cyber harassment and traditional harassment on the academic performance of university students. Likewise, investigating the influence of this harassment on substance usage was another prime objective of the study. For this purpose, students of four Lahore based universities (2 public, 2 private) were taken as population. Similarly, using convenience sampling, 150 respondents from each university were selected to meet a total sample of 600 students. For data collection, a cross-sectional survey method was used; however, for data analysis, a one-way analysis of variance was done so that demographics differences could be checked. Whereas Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to tests the relationships between IVs and DVs. Results evidently found that the majority of the students faced one or both types of harassment, i.e. traditional and cyber, which resulted in their indulgence in substance usage practices.

Effect of Activity Based Teaching on Public Sector College Students' Academic Achievement in the Subject of English

The study was aimed to find out the effect of activity-based teaching on students' academic achievement in the subject of English at grade XII. It carried a quasi-experimental Pre-test Post-test design. A public sector girls' college of district Lahore was selected as a cluster. Two intact groups were selected randomly. The experimental group was taught with the help of self-designed activities, and the control group was taught the same subject through the lecture method. Data was collected through an achievement test of English. Data were collected on a pre-test and post-test basis. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and an independent sample t-test. The effect size was calculated through Cohen's d value of significance. It revealed that instructional activities had a significant effect on students' academic achievement in the subject of English at grade XII. English teachers are recommended to teach the subject of English with the help of activities to improve students' academic achievement.

Pakistan Turkey Cordial Entente (1947-2013): A Diachronic Review

Relations between Turkey and Pakistan always remained decent and friendly. The mutual sympathies between both countries cannot be described in any other way except the cultural heritage. Both countries have helped each other whenever they needed it in the field of foreign policy. It has cooperated between Ankara and Islamabad that they may raise a hand of cooperation in different affairs like foreign policy and security. They have supported each other as well as defended each others interests, most specifically in the international arena. Since the time of the cold war, both countries, Pakistan and Turkey, have shared their approach, especially on Cypress and Kashmir issues. In this document, an attempt was made to discuss the political and economic relations between Turkey and Pakistan and the nature of relations from 1947 to 2013. Suggestions for improving relations between the two Islamic republics were also made.

War on Terror and Pak-Afghan Borderland

The US-led war on terror against Osama bin Laden and the Al-Qaeda network has brought gigantic socio-political and economic impacts on the overall population of Pashtuns of FATA and KP. The US drone strikes largely targeted the Pashtuns population in the tribal belt of Pakistan while the Pakistani security forces particularly conducted various operations in the Pashtuns areas, being a partner/ally of the get praise. In the war, thousands of innocent civilians, including children and women of the Pashtuns population, have been killed, injured and millions remained displaced. Infrastructure, including roads, public and private buildings, bridges, educational institutions, tourism, etc, in the Pashtuns' land, has been destroyed. This paper is an attempt to analyze the so-called war on terror and how it turned against the Pashtuns of FATA and KP. The suffering of the Pashtuns population as targeted by the US drone strikes, Pakistan security forces, and terrorists attacks have been examined in this paper.

Revival Of Civil-Military Nexus On Drafting New National Security Policy: Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistan's Two English Newspapers

Over the past few years, Pakistan carried out various publicized battles against militancy and terrorism led primarily by thePakistan military. Due to the changed geostrategic context, civil-military coordination is necessary for developing a new national securitypolicy. Therefore the objective of the present study is to examine civil-military coordination portrayed in the English press of Pakistanfollowed by the most significant event, i.e., the formation of Provincial Apex committees. These committees were formed for strengtheningcollaboration between civil-military institutions to execute NAP in different provinces, consequently the study analyzed news stories of twoEnglish newspapers, i.e., Dawn and The News, by employing the CDA model proposed by Fairclough. Results indicate that Dawn coveredthe image of the Pakistan military by highlighting actions of then COAS for empowering committees in different provinces for fasterexecution on NAP and restoration of IDP’s whereas, The News covered lack of coordination between civil-military leadership on executionof NAP.