Investigation of the Stress-Strain State of a Steel Column Base Connection for Seismic Regions

Currently, the main type of connection between a steel column and a reinforced concrete foundation is a steel base, which is often economically unprofitable due to its size, number or diameter of anchor bolts. Not only in Armenia, but also in most countries, a steel base is the main type of connection between a steel column and a reinforced concrete foundation. The usage of other types of connections is associated with both new calculation methods and technological problems. The possibility of computation and design of the connection of a steel column with a reinforced concrete foundation in seismically active regions using shear studs is considered in this work, a reinforced concrete section with longitudinal reinforcement is used for this type of connection which ensures a smooth transfer of forces from the column to the foundation. Based on the example of the connection of a single-story industrial building column shows the change in the stress-strain state of the connection under axial force and bending moments for seismic regions. Not only the feature and construction technology of the connection considered in the work, but also proposes a calculation method with future possibility of its subsequent inclusion in the building codes of the Republic of Armenia.

Analysis of existing technologies for processing oil sludge into polymer additives for asphalt concrete

The article deals with the known information about the main type of oil industry waste – oil sludge. Existing methods and technologies of oil sludge processing into polymer additives for asphalt concrete are presented and analyzed. The main problems and shortcomings of the methods of oil sludge processing considered in the study are revealed.

The Impact of the Constructive Solution on the Formation of the Portal in the Architecture of Armenian Churches of 4th-7th Centuries

The article refers to the issues of decorative elements in architecture. The aim of the paper was to reveal the interaction peculiarities of the constructive and artistic solutions of the formation of the portals of the Armenian churches of 4th-7th centuries. The analysis of the process of formation allowed for carrying out the typological classification of the portals from the point of view of the transformation and development of the lintel construction. The classification showed that the portal created as a decoration of the entrance, as a result of the evolution of compositional-structural components was transformed into a unified constructive-artistic element, which has become the main type used in the later periods of the Armenian medieval architecture. The revealed features of the interaction of decorative and structural elements can be useful in the field of heritage studies and in the development of further works on the formation of decorative elements.

AN ANALYSIS OF CODE SWITCHING IN STUDENTS’ SPEAKING TEST AS ENGLISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS

This research aims at finding out types of code switching occurred in students’speaking test of EFL learner, the percentage of each type, and finding out the students’reasons in switching their language.Threetypes of code switching proposed by Poplack (1980); intra-sentential switching, inter-sentential switching, and tag switching were analyzed in this descriptive qualitative study. There was one class as the sample of this research. After gaining the data, the researcher categorized the data based on three types of code switching mentioned above. The result revealed that all three types of code switching appears in the students’ speaking. The first type, intra - sentential switching, it tends to be the main type of switching (69.49%), followed by intra-sentential switching (27.12%). Different from those two types, tag switching seems to occur the least frequent type of switching that appeared in the comments (3.39%). Then, the researcher also classified the data into seven reasons in doing code switching according to Hoffman (1991). There are still some other reasons found by the researcher in conducting the research.

PENSION PROVISION OF CITIZENS WHO PROVIDED CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANCE TO OPERATIONAL UNITS OF FPS OF RUSSIA

В статье на основе анализа оперативно-розыскного, трудового и пенсионного законодательства РФ исследуется специфика пенсионного обеспечения граждан, конфиденциально содействовавших оперативным подразделениям УИС. Проводится сравнительно-правовой анализ мер социальной и правовой защиты конфидентов с учетом двух основных форм содействия, выделяемых в теории и практике оперативно-розыскной деятельности: контрактной и бесконтрактной. Рассматривая меры пенсионного обеспечения в рамках общей системы мер социальной и правовой защиты лиц, оказывающих содействие на бесконтрактной основе, автор отмечает отсутствие законодательного закрепления права данной категории лиц на зачет периода содействия в страховой стаж, предусмотренного ч. 6 ст. 18 ФЗ «Об ОРД». В свою очередь, исследуя вопрос пенсионного обеспечения, автор акцентирует внимание на основаниях возникновения правовых отношений, складывающихся между конфидентом и органом, осуществляющим ОРД, а также на выяснении характера данных отношений. Проводится сравнительно-правовой анализ контракта о негласном содействии с трудовым и гражданско-правовым договорами. На основании проведенного анализа норм оперативно-розыскного, трудового и пенсионного законодательства РФ выделяются три обязательных условия, необходимых для включения в страховой стаж периода контрактного сотрудничества конфидента: 1) наличие контракта о содействии; 2) сотрудничество должно быть основным видом оплачиваемой деятельности лица; 3) периодам содействия должны были предшествовать и (или) за ними должны были следовать периоды деятельности, указанные в ст. 11 ФЗ «О страховых пенсиях». Делается вывод о необходимости внесения изменений в ст. 18 ФЗ «Об ОРД». Based on the analysis of the operational-search, labor and pension legislation of Russia, the article studies the specifics of pension provision for citizens who provided confidential assistance to operational unts of FPS of Russia. A comparative legal analysis of measures of social and legal protection of persons providing confidential assistance is carried out, taking into account the two main forms of assistance identified in the theory and practice of operational-search activity: contractual and non-contractual. Considering the measures of pension provision within of persons providing assistance on a non-contractual basis, the author notes the absence of legislative consolidation of the right of this category of persons to offset the period of assistance in the insurance experience provided for in Part 6 of Art. 18 of the Federal Law «About operatively-search activity». Investigating the issue of pension provision for persons providing confidential assistance on a contract basis, the author draws attention to the grounds for the emergence of legal relations between the confidant and the body carrying out operational-search activities, and clarification of the nature of these relations. A comparative legal analysis of the contract for covert assistance with labor and civil contracts is carried out. Based on the analysis of the norms of the operational-search, labor and pension legislation of Russia, there are three mandatory conditions necessary for offsetting the period of confidential cooperation of a citizen on a contractual basis in the insurance record: 1) the existence of a cooperation contract; 2) cooperation should be the main type of paid activity of the person; 3) the periods of assistance should have been preceded and / or followed by the periods of activity specified in Art. 11 Federal Law «On Insurance Pensions». It is concluded that it is necessary to amend Art. 18 of the Federal Law «About operatively-search activity».

ENERGY-SAVING BUILDING INNOVATIONS AT THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY MARKET

The article focuses on the problems of using innovative renewable energy technologies, since these areas are the most promising in the structure of solving the issue of energy efficiency of buildings and structures. The growth in primary energy consumption, limited reserves of hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas), coupled with the growing anthropogenic pressure on the environment due to the use of coal as the main type of fuel, forced the world community to reconsider approaches to the energy security of their countries.

Ceramic Mass Modifiers for the Production of Wall Ceramic Products

Modern methods of improving the characteristics of ceramic products by introducing modifying additives based on various industrial wastes into the composition of the ceramic mass are considered. The compositions of ceramic masses and some features of the technology of manufacturing ceramic products using industrial waste are described. A diagram for the distribution of wastes from various industries (modifiers of the ceramic mass) according to the main type of action and predominant oxides is proposed.

The First Main Line in Russia

The article is dedicated to the 170th anniversary of the first Russian railway main line St. Petersburg–Moscow. The country’s railway transport, as the main type of transportation, has a rich history and remarkable patriotic, labour, scientific, and technical traditions. We must remember them. The emergence of railways in Russia, as in other countries of the world, was accompanied by many problems that needed to be solved: financing methods, types of ownership, track gauge, types of traction and signalling, traffic management and control, competition with other modes of transport, etc. The stage of emergence of railways in Russia is very instructive. What extreme points of view were expressed, and how long did it take to start building main lines? After the society realised the need for construction of railways, it became obvious that the costs required are not affordable neither for the state, nor for creditors, nor for private entrepreneurs. To better understand how construction of the first railway in Russia was conducted, the article offers many illustrations.

RESEARCH OF THE SETTLEMENT OF PRAGUE-KORCHAK CULTURE IN RIVNE CITY

The paper introduces into scientific circulation the results of research of the objects of Early Slavs of the Prague-Korchak culture in a multi-layered settlement in the southern part of Rivne city. The settlement is located on the eastern shore of the Basiv Kut Reservoir, on the oval hill measuring 220 Ч 120 m. The first finds of the Early Middle Ages were discovered here by V. K. Piasetskyi in 1989. In 2019, the excavations were carried out on the area of 590 m2; the housing and storage pit of the Prague-Korchak culture have been discovered. The quadrangular foundation pit of 3.5 Ч 3.5 m square was sunk into the earth to the 0.3—0.4 m from detection level. The remains of stone stove made on the wooden frame were located in the northern corner of the dwelling. Such semi-dugout dwellings with the stove in one of corners was the main type of residential buildings in the population of the Prague-Korchak culture. The pillar holes found in the corners of the foundation pit and in the middle of the walls indicate the frame-pillar construction of the wooden walls. Among the stones from the destroyed stove and on the earthen floor in the central part of the foundation pit of the dwelling the remains of nine clay pots were found. We managed to reconstruct the full profiles of seven of them; two else vessels are represented by the profiles of the upper parts. The pots from the dwelling have a conical body, weakly marked shoulder, scarcely marked neck and short rim. The surface of the item is insufficiently smoothed and bumpy. The admixtures in the clay are mostly of small and medium size, with added fireclay, grus and sand. By their size the vessels are divided into small (1), medium (5) and large (3). All pots from the dwelling belong to variants 1—3 of the first type according to I. P. Rusanova’s classification. This combination is typical of the early monuments of the Prague-Korchak culture. The analysis allows attributing the ceramic complex from Rivne to phaze 1 according to I. O. Havritukhin and to date it as belonging to the second half of 5th — mid-6th centuries. The settlement was not large; two or three farmsteads could simultaneously exist there. They were located at a distance of 100—150 m from each other.

Optimization of transport support for forage harvesters

Silage is the main type of feed in the diet of cattle. Violation of the agrotechnical terms of laying silos for more than 4 days contributes to a decrease in the quality of grass feed. Therefore, when harvesting silage, it is necessary to form a harvesting and transport complex of technical means that would ensure the timely filling of storage. The forage harvester performs the most energy-intensive operations in the technological process of harvesting feed from grasses. Therefore, the efficiency of the entire technological process depends on the optimal ratio of the number of combines and the vehicles that serve them. To optimize the system “technological machine-vehicles”, it is important to apply the methods of the queuing theory, which takes into account the probabilistic downtime of forage harvesters. The use of this solution method in the formation of a harvesting and transport complex based on a statistical model allows us to ensure the flow of the technological process of delivering grass mass from the field in the storage during the acyclic movement of vehicles. Optimization according to the statistical model helps to reduce the cost of silage production by up to 5% due to a more rational amount of vehicle use.