scholarly journals A Comparison of the Autistic Behavior Checklist and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale for Suspected Autism in a Large Chinese Sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Chu ◽  
Fang Bian ◽  
Ruiying Yan ◽  
Yanlin Li ◽  
Yonghua Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Childhood Autism Rating Scale ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Autistic Behavior ◽  
Assessment Scales

Abstract Autism is the most common clinical developmental disorder in children. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Autistic Behavior Checklist (ABC) are the most commonly used assessment scales for diagnosing autism. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic validities of CARS and ABC based on a large Chinese sample. A total of 474 children with suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were screened by CARS and ABC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and it showed that the area-under-the-curve values of CARS is higher than ABC significantly (p < 0.05) and the suggested cutoff values of CARS and ABC were 34 and 67, respectively. It indicated that CARS is superior to ABC in the Chinese population with suspected ASD.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Autistic Behavior Checklist and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale for Suspected Autism in a Large Chinese Sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Chu ◽  
Fang Bian ◽  
Ruiying Yan ◽  
Yanlin Li ◽  
Yonghua Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Childhood Autism Rating Scale ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Autistic Behavior ◽  
Receiver Operating

Abstract Background: Autism is the most common clinical developmental disorder in children. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Autistic Behavior Checklist (ABC) are the most commonly used assessment scales for diagnosing autism. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic validities of CARS and ABC based on a large Chinese sample.Methods: A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the diagnostic validities of CARS and ABC, as well as the corresponding cut-off determinations was calculated.Results: A total of 474 children with suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were screened by CARS and ABC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and it showed that the area-under-the-curve values of CARS is higher than ABC significantly (p <0.05) and the suggested cutoff values of CARS and ABC were 34 and 67, respectively.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CARS was superior to ABC in terms of its diagnostic validity of assessing suspected ASD cases in children. Based on our results, we recommend the CARS could be used for the assessments for suspected ASD cases in Chinses hospitals.

scholarly journals An Experimental Trial: Multi-Robot Therapy for Categorization of Autism Level Using Hidden Markov Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 073563312110404
Author(s):  
Sara Ali ◽  
Faisal Mehmood ◽  
Yasar Ayaz ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Haleema Sadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Hidden Markov Model ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Childhood Autism Rating Scale ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Multi Robot

Several robot-mediated therapies have been implemented for diagnosis and improvement of communication skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The proposed research uses an existing model i.e., Multi-robot-mediated Intervention System (MRIS) in combination with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to develop an infrastructure for categorizing the severity of autism in children. The observable states are joint attention type (low, delayed, and immediate) and imitation type (partial, moderate, and full) whereas the non-observable states are (level of autism i.e., (minimal, and mild). The research has been conducted on 12 subjects in which 8 children were in the training session with 72 experiments over 9 weeks, and the remaining 4 subjects were in the prediction test with 25 experiments for 6 weeks. The predicted category was compared with the actual category of autism assessed by the therapist using Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The accuracy of the proposed model is 76%. Further, a statistically significantly moderate Kappa measure of agreement between Childhood Autism Rating Scale and our proposed model has been performed in which n = 25, k = 0.52, and p = 0.009. This research contributes towards the usefulness of Hidden Markov Model integrated with joint attention and imitation modules for categorizing the level of autism using multi-robot therapies.

scholarly journals CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE VERSION OF CHILDHOOD AUTISM RATING SCALE™ SECOND EDITION

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Dian Dwi Sary ◽  
Irwanto ◽  
Ahmad Suryawan ◽  
Mira Irmawati ◽  
Nining Febriyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Childhood Autism Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Interaction Factor

Combination of The Childhood Autism Rating Scale™ Second Edition - Standard Clinical Tool (CARS2-ST) with criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) is thought to improve diagnostic process. To meet diagnostic needs, localized, Indonesian-translated version of CARS2-ST is developed. Therefore, assessment of construct validity of the Indonesian-language translated CARS2-ST must be performed. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Child Development Center in Surabaya, Indonesia from August to December 2019. Diagnosis of ASD then performed by using CARS2-ST  and DSM-5 criteria. To assess construct validity, principal components analysis and Kaiser-varimax rotation was performed for CARS2-ST in order to determine factors. DSM-5 criteria for ASD was used to compare scale.There were 201 children aged 2 - 6 years old with reported speech and behavior problems. Sixty-six children were diagnosed for ASD. Factor analysis using Kaiser-varimax rotation indicates a significant two factors: social communication and interaction factor and restrictive stereotyped behaviors and sensory factor sensitivites. The factors satisfyingly reflects the criteria for ASD in DSM-5.Construct validity of Indonesian-translated version of CARS2-ST is confirmed, as shown by its correspondence with  DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing . This study supports the continued relevance of the Indonesian CARS2-ST in ASD assessment.

scholarly journals The diagnosis of autism and autism spectrum disorder in low- and middle-income countries: Experience from Jamaica

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Samms-Vaughan ◽  
Mohammad H Rahbar ◽  
Aisha S Dickerson ◽  
Katherine A Loveland ◽  
Manouchehr Hessabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Childhood Autism Rating Scale ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

The administration requirements of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, widely used in high-income countries, make them less feasible for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in low- and middle-income countries. The flexible administration requirements of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale have resulted in its use in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. This study examines the agreement between assessments using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale with those using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule or Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised in Jamaica. Children aged 2–8 years (n = 149) diagnosed with autism by an experienced clinician using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale were re-evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised. The proportion diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised was determined and mean domain scores compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean age was 64.4 (standard deviation = 21.6) months; the male:female ratio was 6:1. The diagnostic agreement of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition was 100.0% and 98.0%, respectively. Agreement with the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised was 94.6%. Domain scores were highest for children with more severe symptoms (p < 0.01). Despite a high level of agreement of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale should be evaluated further with a broader range of autism spectrum disorder symptomatology, and by clinicians with varying experience before recommendation for use in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals CTRP3 as a novel biomarker in the plasma of Saudi children with autism

PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e12630
Author(s):  
Manan Alhakbany ◽  
Laila Al-Ayadhi ◽  
Afaf El-Ansary
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Low Area ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) has diverse functions: anti-inflammation, metabolic regulation, and protection against endothelial dysfunction. Methods The plasma level of CTRP3 in autistic patients (n = 32) was compared to that in controls (n = 37) using ELISA. Results CTRP3 was higher (24.7% with P < 0.05) in autistic patients than in controls. No association was observed between CTRP3 and the severity of the disorder using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). A positive correlation between CARs and the age of patients was reported. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated a low area under the curve (AUC) for all patients (0.636). Low AUCs were also found in the case of severe patients (0.659) compared to controls, but both values were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Despite the small sample size, we are the first to find an association between CTRP3 and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

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