childhood autism
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2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Leiliane Tavares de Albuquerque ◽  
Daniella kelly Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Fausto Muñoz-Lara ◽  
Thayane de Deus Branco Nobre ◽  
Magnúcia de Lima Leite ◽  
...  

Introdução. O autismo infantil faz parte de um grupo de transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento descritos pelo Manual Diagnostico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais 5 (DSM-5). As crianças com transtorno autista apresentam comprometimentos funcionais fundamentais. Objetivo. Descrever aspectos do desenvolvimento comportamental em gêmeos (G#1 e G#2) univitelinos com diagnóstico médico concordante para autismo, em fase pré-escolar. Método. Estudo de corte transversal, prospectivo-descrito. A coleta de dados foi realizada através dos questionários: CARS – Childhood Autism Rating Scale; Escala de Perfil Psicoeducacional Revisto; Escala de Comportamento Adaptativo Vineland. Resultados. Na CARS, G#1 foi classificado como não autista e G#2 um autista moderado. Na avaliação comportamental do perfil Psicoeducacional revisado observou-se maior déficit no quesito linguagem, enquanto na escala de desenvolvimento, o G#1 executou com êxito a maior parte das atividades propostas. G#2 não obteve êxito em toda as atividades que exigiam comunicação verbal. Na escala Vineland, ocorreu comprometimento na área de comunicação verbal nos gêmeos, enquanto as respostas de autonomia, socialização e motricidade foram satisfatórias. Embora o diagnóstico clínico esteja de acordo com o autismo, os resultados mostraram discordâncias quanto à condição clínica entre gêmeos. Conclusão. Estas diferenças podem estar relacionadas aos critérios médicos usados e fatores ambientais dispostos no momento das avaliações.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bingchen Zhang ◽  
Yanqun Wang ◽  
Yuling Yang ◽  
Lishu Song

Autism is a disorder caused by nerve developmental disorders in childhood. Autism is a serious and widespread developmental disorder, with social disorders, speech development disorders, and poor language communication skills as typical symptoms, accompanied by stereotyped behaviors. With the improvement of our country's material living standards, the frequency of childhood autism is increasing year by year. Therefore, IoT smart toys specially designed for children with autism can meet their needs and help them to carry out rehabilitation education, so that they can obtain more benefits in the process of treatment and nurturing. Smart IoT toys are not only a design that pays attention to details, but also integrates care for children with autism into the design. This article aims to research based on the Internet of Things, starting with the design of toys for children with autism. This article applies the design ideas of smart IoT toys to APP product design, introduces emotional factors into APP products, and stimulates the profound emotional experience of ASD children. Designing products from the emotional perspective and details of smart Internet of things toys and the perspective of ASD children, analyze the emotional design factors of APP, and propose application programs for ASD children according to the design standards and methods of smart Internet of things toys. After studying the status quo of children with autism, it can be concluded that children with autism need special toys suitable for them. IoT smart toys can expand the design ideas of existing children’s educational toys, enrich the toy market, and provide children with more toys that meet their needs. According to the latest statistics from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 2010 to 2014, the prevalence of children with autism in the United States rose from 0.0147 to 0.0169, and the prevalence of children with autism aged 0–14 exceeded 200,000. With the improvement of our country's material living standards, the frequency of childhood autism is increasing year by year.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e9245
Author(s):  
Walter de Jesús García-Parra ◽  
Jaida Souza da Costa ◽  
Flavia Decaris Rolim

Objetivo: Determinar a incidência, os níveis de gravidade, a frequência, evidenciar as ações diagnósticas realizadas pelos profissionais, compreender e identificar o processo de acompanhamento psicológico de instituições de apoio a pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) de um município do Amazonas. Métodos: Aplicou-se o instrumento Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) com os autistas diagnosticados, e foi construído pela aluna três tipos de entrevistas especificas a cada categoria, aos pais, aos psicólogos e aos médicos, visando entender melhor as dificuldades e condutas. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Correspondem a 118 crianças e responsáveis, concluindo-se que 46 crianças possuem TEA severo, 19 moderado, 36 leve, sendo 4 Asperger e 13 não estavam dentro do TEA, além da maioria das crianças fazerem uso de medicação de uso controlado e terem alguma alergia alimentar. Conclusão: Com isso, observou-se que o envolvimento da família é fundamental para o progresso da criança, assim como o acompanhamento de uma equipe multidisciplinar.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Nudel ◽  
Vivek Appadurai ◽  
Alfonso Buil ◽  
Merete Nordentoft ◽  
Thomas Werge

Abstract Background Language plays a major role in human behavior. For this reason, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in which linguistic ability is impaired could have a big impact on the individual’s social interaction and general wellbeing. Such disorders tend to have a strong genetic component, but most past studies examined mostly the linguistic overlaps across these disorders; investigations into their genetic overlaps are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the potential genetic overlap between language impairment and broader behavioral disorders employing methods capturing both common and rare genetic variants. Methods We employ polygenic risk scores (PRS) trained on specific language impairment (SLI) to evaluate genetic overlap across several disorders in a large case-cohort sample comprising ~13,000 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases, including cases of childhood autism and Asperger’s syndrome, ~15,000 attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases, ~3000 schizophrenia cases, and ~21,000 population controls. We also examine rare variants in SLI/language-related genes in a subset of the sample that was exome-sequenced using the SKAT-O method. Results We find that there is little evidence for genetic overlap between SLI and ADHD, schizophrenia, and ASD, the latter being in line with results of linguistic analyses in past studies. However, we observe a small, significant genetic overlap between SLI and childhood autism specifically, which we do not observe for SLI and Asperger’s syndrome. Moreover, we observe that childhood autism cases have significantly higher SLI-trained PRS compared to Asperger’s syndrome cases; these results correspond well to the linguistic profiles of both disorders. Our rare variant analyses provide suggestive evidence of association for specific genes with ASD, childhood autism, and schizophrenia. Conclusions Our study provides, for the first time, to our knowledge, genetic evidence for ASD subtypes based on risk variants for language impairment.


Author(s):  
Nerea Crespo Eguílaz ◽  
Leire Gambra Echeverría ◽  
Borja Laña ◽  
Rocío Rocío Sánchez-Carpintero

El Childhood Austism Spectrum Test-CAST (Scott et al., 2012a) es una prueba de screening del síndrome de Asperger o trastorno del espectro del autismo de grado 1 (TEA1). Se busca analizarla para precisar diferentes dimensiones en su contenido. para ello, se aplicó el CAST a 254 pacientes de nuestra Unidad de Neuropediatría, de 5 a 16 años, afectos de: TEA1 (n=17); trastorno de la comunicación social (n=43); trastorno de aprendizaje procedimental (n=60); trastorno por déficit de atención (n=44); discapacidad intelectual (n=30) y discapacidad intelectual y epilepsia (n=60). Los resultados con el uso tradicional del CAST en la muestra clínica se obtienen 47.1% y 33.75% de falsos negativos y positivos, respectivamente. Se realiza un análisis factorial de los 31 ítems del cuestionario. Con una buena adecuación de los datos (KMO=0,65 y MSA=0.47-0.88) se obtienen 7 factores, que explican el 63% de la varianza total. Se comprueba la fiabilidad y la validez. El análisis discriminante indica que esta nueva corrección e interpretación permite clasificar correctamente al 86.7% de nuestra casuística con o sin dificultades en el uso social del lenguaje. Se detallan las dimensiones alteradas con más frecuencia en cada grupo clínico. Este análisis pormenorizado del CAST aporta información relevante en el diagnóstico diferencial de trastornos del neurodesarrollo.


Author(s):  
Jeremy Parr ◽  
Sarah Wigham ◽  
William Farr ◽  
Venkat Reddy ◽  
Ian Male
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