Efficacy of “Essential Iodine Drops” Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.21203/rs.3.rs-69394/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zoltán Köntös

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Cytopathic Effect ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Virucidal Activity ◽

Virus Stock ◽

Infectious Dose ◽

Strain Virus ◽

Respiratory Droplets ◽

Elemental Iodine

Abstract Background: Aerosolization of respiratory droplets is considered the main route of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, reducing the viral load of Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shed via respiratory dropletsis potentially an ideal strategy to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The in vitro virucidal activity of intranasal Povidone-Iodine (PVP-I) has been demonstrated recently to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral titres. This study evaluated the virucidal activity of the aqueous solution of Iodine-V (a clathrate complex formed by elemental iodine and fulvic acid) as in Essential Iodine Drops (EID) with 200 µg elemental iodine/ml content against SARS-CoV-2 to ascertain whether it is a better alternative to PVP-I. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 (USAWA1/2020 strain) virus stock was prepared by infecting Vero 76 cells (ATCC CRL-1587) until cytopathic effect (CPE). The virucidal activity of EID against SARS-CoV-2 was tested in three dilutions (1:1; 2:1 and 3:1) in triplicates by incubating at room temperature (22 ± 2°C) for either 60 or 90 seconds. The surviving viruses from each sample were quantified by a standard end-point dilution assay. Results: EID (200 µg iodine/ml) after exposure for 60 and 90 seconds was compared to controls. In both cases, the viral titre was reduced by 99% (LRV 2.0). The 1:1 dilution of EID with virus reduced SARS-CoV-2 virus from 31,623 cell culture infectious dose 50% (CCCID50) to 316 CCID50 within 90 seconds. Conclusion: Substantial reductions in LRV by Iodine-V in EID confirmed the activity of EID against SARSCoV-2 in vitro, demonstrating that Iodine-V in EID is effective at inactivating the virus in vitro and therefore suggesting its potential application intranasally to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission from known or suspected COVID-19 patients.

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In Vitro Efficacy of “Essential Iodine Drops” Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

10.1101/2020.11.07.370726 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Köntös Zoltán

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Cytopathic Effect ◽

Virucidal Activity ◽

Virus Stock ◽

Infectious Dose ◽

Strain Virus ◽

Respiratory Droplets ◽

Elemental Iodine

AbstractBackgroundAerosolization of respiratory droplets is considered the main route of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, reducing the viral load of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shed via respiratory droplets is potentially an ideal strategy to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The in vitro virucidal activity of intranasal Povidone-Iodine (PVP-I) has been demonstrated recently to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral titres. This study evaluated the virucidal activity of the aqueous solution of Iodine-V (a clathrate complex formed by elemental iodine and fulvic acid) as in Essential Iodine Drops (EID) with 200 μg elemental iodine/ml content against SARS-CoV-2 to ascertain whether it is a better alternative to PVP-I.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 (USAWA1/2020 strain) virus stock was prepared by infecting Vero 76 cells (ATCC CRL-1587) until cytopathic effect (CPE). The virucidal activity of EID against SARS-CoV-2 was tested in three dilutions (1:1; 2:1 and 3:1) in triplicates by incubating at room temperature (22 ± 2°C) for either 60 or 90 seconds. The surviving viruses from each sample were quantified by a standard end-point dilution assay.ResultsEID (200 μg iodine/ml) after exposure for 60 and 90 seconds was compared to controls. In both cases, the viral titre was reduced by 99% (LRV 2.0). The 1:1 dilution of EID with virus reduced SARS-CoV-2 virus from 31,623 cell culture infectious dose 50% (CCCID50) to 316 CCID50 within 90 seconds.ConclusionSubstantial reductions in LRV by Iodine-V in EID confirmed the activity of EID against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, demonstrating that Iodine-V in EID is effective at inactivating the virus in vitro and therefore suggesting its potential application intranasally to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission from known or suspected COVID-19 patients.

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Efficacy of “Essential Iodine Drops” against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254341

Author(s):

Zoltán Köntös

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Cytopathic Effect ◽

Virucidal Activity ◽

Virus Stock ◽

Infectious Dose ◽

Strain Virus ◽

Respiratory Droplets ◽

Elemental Iodine

Background Aerosolization of respiratory droplets is considered the main route of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, reducing the viral load of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shed via respiratory droplets is potentially an ideal strategy to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The in vitro virucidal activity of intranasal Povidone-Iodine (PVP-I) has been demonstrated recently to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral titres. This study evaluated the virucidal activity of the aqueous solution of Iodine-V (a clathrate complex formed by elemental iodine and fulvic acid) as in Essential Iodine Drops (EID) with 200 μg elemental iodine/ml content against SARS-CoV-2 to ascertain whether it is a better alternative to PVP-I. Methods SARS-CoV-2 (USAWA1/2020 strain) virus stock was prepared by infecting Vero 76 cells (ATCC CRL-1587) until cytopathic effect (CPE). The virucidal activity of EID against SARS-CoV-2 was tested in three dilutions (1:1; 2:1 and 3:1) in triplicates by incubating at room temperature (22 ± 2°C) for either 60 or 90 seconds. The surviving viruses from each sample were quantified by a standard end-point dilution assay. Results EID (200 μg iodine/ml) after exposure for 60 and 90 seconds was compared to controls. In both cases, the viral titre was reduced by 99% (LRV 2.0). The 1:1 dilution of EID with virus reduced SARS-CoV-2 virus from 31,623 cell culture infectious dose 50% (CCID50) to 316 CCID50 within 90 seconds. Conclusion Substantial reductions in LRV by Iodine-V in EID confirmed the activity of EID against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, demonstrating that Iodine-V in EID is effective at inactivating the virus in vitro and therefore suggesting its potential application intranasally to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission from known or suspected COVID-19 patients.

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The effect of vitamin and mineral supplements on the replication of coronaviruses in the SPEV cell culture

Veterinaria i kormlenie ◽

10.30917/att-vk-1814-9588-2021-3-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

V.N. Laskavyy ◽

T.I. Polyanina ◽

V.V. Laskavaya ◽

V.T. Nochevny

Keyword(s):

Reference Strain ◽

Cytopathic Effect ◽

Virus Titer ◽

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽

Infectious Dose ◽

Mineral Supplements ◽

Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Transmissible Gastroenteritis ◽

Strain Virus

The article describes studies on the effect of vitamin and mineral supplements (VMS) on the replication of coronavirus in tissue culture. The cytopathic effect of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (strain TO36SD192 (Japan) and the vaccine strain "RIMS" was studied on the SPEV cell line in the presence of mineral and vitamin supplements (VMS) with an increased content of vitamins A and D. The results of the study showed that the introduction of vitamin and mineral supplements into the growth medium provides an increase in the yield of the RIMS virus by 16.7 - 23%. Interestingly, at the minimum infectious dose, the presence or absence of VMS does not in any way affect the titer of the virus of the reference strain of the coronavirus TO36SD192. However, an increase in the infectious dose by only one order of magnitude (1000 TDC50 / ml) stimulates an increase in the virus titer by 22.5% in the presence of VMS. With the addition of VMS, the RIMS strain reproduced more actively and the virus titer in the experiment with the addition of VMS was 30% higher than in the control (without VMS). A further increase in the infectious dose showed a significant increase in the virus titer from 13.4% to 6.25%. It should be noted that the TO36SD192 virus, well adapted to the SPEV culture, can be compared with viruses that cause seasonal ARVI in humans, which are also well adapted in the human body, and the use of VMS during the peak of the epidemic can stimulate viral replication. Since the RIMS strain virus is poorly adapted to the SPEV culture, its action can be compared with a virus that has entered the human population, for example, SARS-CoV-2. This means that taking vitamins at any infectious dose (during an epidemic) will stimulate the disease.

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SARS-CoV-2 Short-Time Infection Produces Relevant Cytopathic Effects in Vero E6 Cell Line

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18179020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (17) ◽

pp. 9020

Author(s):

Luisa Zupin ◽

Francesco Fontana ◽

Rossella Gratton ◽

Margherita Milani ◽

Libera Clemente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytopathic Effect ◽

Infected Individual ◽

Cellular Model ◽

Cytopathic Effects ◽

Minimal Quantity ◽

Virus Exposure ◽

Short Time ◽

Respiratory Droplets

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets from positive subjects to susceptible hosts or by direct contact with an infected individual. Our study focuses on the in vitro minimal time of viral absorption as well as the minimal quantity of virus able to establish a persistent infection in Vero E6 cells. We observed that 1 min of in vitro virus exposure is sufficient to generate a cytopathic effect in cells after 7 days of infection, even at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) value of 0.01. Being aware that our findings have been obtained using an in vitro cellular model, we demonstrated that short-time exposures and low viral concentrations are able to cause infection, thus opening questions about the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility even following short contact times.

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Povidone-iodine demonstrates rapid in-vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 disease

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34544/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Danielle E. Anderson ◽

Velraj Sivalingam ◽

Adrian Eng Zheng Kang ◽

Abhishek Ananthanarayanan ◽

Harsha Arumugam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Control Measures ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Virucidal Activity ◽

Antiseptic Solution ◽

Infection Control Measures ◽

Mouth Wash ◽

Oral Decontamination

Abstract Introduction: Within six months of its emergence, SARS‑CoV‑2 has infected 5.5 million people worldwide, causing >345,000 deaths. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and physical contact from contaminated surfaces to the mucosa. Hand hygiene and oral decontamination among other measures are key to preventing the spread of the virus. We report the in-vitro virucidal activity of topical and oral povidone-iodine (PVP‑I) products against SARS‑CoV‑2.Methods: Suspension assays were used to assess the virucidal activity of PVP‑I against SARS‑CoV‑2. Products were tested at a contact time of 30 seconds for virucidal activity. Viral titres were calculated using the Spearman-Kärber method and reported as TCID50/mL.Results: All four products (antiseptic solution [PVP-I 10%], skin cleanser [PVP-I 7.5%], gargle and mouth wash [PVP-I 1%] and throat spray [PVP-I 0.45%] achieved ≥99.99% virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, corresponding to ≥4 log10 reduction of virus titre, within 30 seconds of contact.Conclusion: This study provides evidence of rapid and effective virucidal activity of PVP-I against SARS-CoV-2. PVP-I-based products are widely available for medical and personal use for hand hygiene and oral decontamination and could be readily integrated into COVID-19 infection control measures in hospital and community settings.

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Efficacy of bioflavonoids of FLAVOBA against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in vitro

STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL ◽

10.25241/stomaeduj.2021.8(2).art.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 95-99

Author(s):

Abdelahhad Barbour ◽

◽

Lynda Gail Darlington ◽

Michelle Mendenhall ◽

Henriette Lerner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Oral Care ◽

Virucidal Activity ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Transmission Reduction ◽

Oral Decontamination ◽

Respiratory Droplets ◽

Virucidal Efficacy

Introduction The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the global pandemic of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Human-to-human transmission occurs mainly through the aerosolization of respiratory droplets. Improved antisepsis of human and non-human surfaces has been identified as a key feature of transmission reduction. Flavobac, a complex of soluble bioflavonoids and hydroxylated phenolic structures used in oral care products, has demonstrated efficacy to act against microorganisms. This study evaluated nasal and oral antiseptic formulations of FLAVOBAC for the virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. Methodology FLAVOBAC nasal antiseptic formulations and FLAVOBAC oral rinse antiseptic formulations from 1-10% concentrations were assayed for virucidal efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 was exposed directly to the test compound for 60 seconds or 5 minutes. Compounds were then neutralized, and the surviving virus was quantified. Results All concentrations of nasal antiseptics and oral rinse antiseptics evaluated completely inactivated the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Conclusion Nasal and oral FLAVOBAC solutions are effective at inactivating the SARS-CoV-2 virus at a variety of concentrations after 60-second or 5-minute exposure times. The formulations tested have the potential to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 if used for nasal/oral decontamination, or surface decontamination in known or suspected cases of COVID-19.

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Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine Nasal and Oral Antiseptic Preparations Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/0145561320957237 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 014556132095723 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jesse S. Pelletier ◽

Belachew Tessema ◽

Samantha Frank ◽

Jonna B. Westover ◽

Seth M. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Virucidal Activity ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Transmission Reduction ◽

Oral Decontamination ◽

Respiratory Droplets ◽

Virucidal Efficacy ◽

Antiseptic Solutions

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From the first reported cases in December 2019, the virus has spread to over 4 million people worldwide. Human-to-human transmission occurs mainly through the aerosolization of respiratory droplets. Transmission also occurs through contact with contaminated surfaces and other fomites. Improved antisepsis of human and nonhuman surfaces has been identified as a key feature of transmission reduction. There are no previous studies of povidone iodine (PVP-I) against SARS-CoV-2. This study evaluated nasal and oral antiseptic formulations of PVP-I for virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. This is the first report on the efficacy of PVP-I against the virus that causes COVID-19. Methods: Povidone iodine nasal antiseptic formulations and PVP-I oral rinse antiseptic formulations from 1% to 5% concentrations as well as controls were studied for virucidal efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2. Test compounds were evaluated for ability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 as measured in a virucidal assay. SARS-CoV-2 was exposed directly to the test compound for 60 seconds, compounds were then neutralized, and surviving virus was quantified. Results: All concentrations of nasal antiseptics and oral rinse antiseptics evaluated completely inactivated the SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Nasal and oral PVP-I antiseptic solutions are effective at inactivating the SARS-CoV-2 at a variety of concentrations after 60-second exposure times. The formulations tested may help to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 if used for nasal decontamination, oral decontamination, or surface decontamination in known or suspected cases of COVID-19.

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