scholarly journals Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for the Detection of Different Hazardous Gases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.Elizabeth Caroline ◽  
Mohamed Nizar ◽  
Prabu Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Sulfur Trioxide ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hazardous Gases ◽  
Different Gases

Abstract Three different Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) gas sensors are designed to detect five different gases for a wide range of wavelengths. The three unique configurations are designed based on four outer Elliptical cores PCF (4E-PCF), four outer Circular cores (4C-PCF) PCF, and different Eight Elliptical cores PCF (8E-PCF) to analyze and sense the light interface with applied gases. For three proposed gas sensors, the sensing parameters for five different hazardous gases, such as relative sensitivity, effective area, birefringence and dispersion, are acquired. The five different gases considered for the sensor investigation are Sulfur trioxide [SO3] (20oC), Tetracholorosilane [SiCl4], Tetracholoromethane [CCl4], Turpentine [C10H16], Tin Terra chloride [SnCl4]. Among the three designs, 8E-PCF yields a maximum sensitivity of 75.75%, an effective area of 2.45µm2, and a birefringence of 0.0421 for SnCl4 gas.

scholarly journals Theoretical Considerations of Photonic Crystal Fiber with All Uniform-Sized Air Holes for Liquid Sensing

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Abdul Mu’iz Maidi ◽  
Pg Emeroylarffion Abas ◽  
Pg Iskandar Petra ◽  
Shubi Kaijage ◽  
Nianyu Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Nonlinear Coefficient ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Liquid Sensing

A novel liquid-infiltrated photonic crystal fiber model applicable in liquid sensing for different test liquids—water, ethanol and benzene—has been proposed. One core hole and three air hole rings have been designed and a full vector finite element method has been used for numerical investigation to give the best results in terms of relative sensitivity, confinement loss, power fraction, dispersion, effective area, nonlinear coefficient, numerical aperture and V-Parameter. Specially, the assessed relative sensitivities of the proposed fiber with water, ethanol and benzene are 94.26%, 95.82% and 99.58%, respectively, and low confinement losses of 1.52 × 10−11 dB/m with water, 1.21 × 10−12 dB/m with ethanol and 6.01 × 10−16 dB/m with benzene, at 1.0 μm operating wavelength. This novel PCF design is considered simple and can be easily fabricated for practical use, and the assessed waveguide properties has determined the potential applicability in real liquid sensing applications.

scholarly journals High sensitive triangular photonic crystal fiber sensor design applicable for gas detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A. Abbaszadeh ◽  
S. Makouei ◽  
S. Meshgini
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
High Birefringence ◽  
Crystal Fiber

A new triangular photonic crystal fiber with a based microstructure core gas sensor has been proposed for the wavelength range from 1.1μm to 1.7μm. The guiding trait of the proposed structure depends on geometric parameters and wavelength, which are numerically studied by the finite element method. According to the results, the relative sensitivity obtained as high as 75.14% at 1.33μm wavelength. high birefringence and effective area are also obtained by order of 3.75×10-3 and 14.07 μm2 finally, low confinement loss of 1.41×10-2 dB/m is acquired at the same wavelength. The variation of the diameters in the cladding and core region is investigated and the results show that this structure has good stability for manufacturing goals. Since the results show the highest sensitivity at wavelengths around 1.2μm to 1.7μm, which is the absorption line of many gases such as methane (CH4), hydrogen fluoride (HF), ammonia (NH3), this gas sensor can be used for medical and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Abdul Mu’iz Maidi ◽  
Izaddeen Yakasai ◽  
Pg Emeroylariffion Abas ◽  
Malik Muhammad Nauman ◽  
Rosyzie Anna Apong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
Nonlinear Coefficient ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber

A simple hexagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber model with liquid-infiltrated core for different liquids: water, ethanol and benzene, has been proposed. In the proposed structure, three air hole rings are present in the cladding and three equal sized air holes are present in the core. Numerical investigation of the proposed fiber has been performed using full vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly match layers, to show that the proposed simple structure exhibits high relative sensitivity, high power fraction, relatively high birefringence, low chromatic dispersion, low confinement loss, small effective area, and high nonlinear coefficient. All these properties have been numerically investigated at a wider wavelength regime 0.6–1.8 μm within mostly the IR region. Relative sensitivities of water, ethanol and benzene are obtained at 62.60%, 65.34% and 74.50%, respectively, and the nonlinear coefficients are 69.4 W−1 km−1 for water, 73.8 W−1 km−1 for ethanol and 95.4 W−1 km−1 for benzene, at 1.3 µm operating wavelength. The simple structure can be easily fabricated for practical use, and assessment of its multiple waveguide properties has justified its usage in real liquid detection.

scholarly journals A Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber for Terahertz Spectroscopic Chemical Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Tianyu Yang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Yunjie Shi ◽  
Shidi Liu ◽  
Yuming Dong
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
High Birefringence ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Polarization Maintaining

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with high relative sensitivity was designed and investigated for the detection of chemical analytes in the terahertz (THz) regime. To ease the complexity, an extremely simple cladding employing four struts is adopted, which forms a rectangular shaped core area for filling with analytes. Results of enormous simulations indicate that a minimum 87.8% relative chemical sensitivity with low confinement and effective material absorption losses can be obtained for any kind of analyte, e.g., HCN (1.26), water (1.33), ethanol (1.35), KCN (1.41), or cocaine (1.50), whose refractive index falls in the range of 1.2 to 1.5. Besides, the PCF can also achieve high birefringence (∼0.01), low and flat dispersion, a large effective modal area, and a large numerical aperture within the investigated frequency range from 0.5 to 1.5 THz. We believe that the proposed PCF can be applied to chemical sensing of liquid and THz systems requiring wide-band polarization-maintaining transmission and low attenuation.

scholarly journals A Highly Sensitive, Polarization Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor Operating in the THz Regime

Photonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohel Rana ◽  
Nirmala Kandadai ◽  
Harish Subbaraman
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
High Birefringence ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Imaging And Spectroscopy

In this paper, a high sensitivity, polarization preserving photonic crystal fiber (PCF), based on circular air holes for sensing in the terahertz (THz) band, is presented. The finite element method, a practical and precise computational technique for describing the interactions between light and matter, is used to compute the modal properties of the designed fiber. For the designed PCF, comprising of circular air holes in both the cladding and in the porous core, a relative sensitivity of 73.5% and a high birefringence of 0.013 are achieved at 1.6 THz. The all circular air-hole structure, owing to its simplicity and compatibility with the current fiber draw technique for PCF fabrication, can be realized practically. It is anticipated that the designed fiber can be employed in applications such as detection of biological samples and toxic chemicals, imaging, and spectroscopy.

Sensing of Illegal Drugs by Using Photonic Crystal Fiber in Terahertz Regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaymaa Riyadh Tahhan ◽  
Hadeel K. Aljobouri
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
The Core ◽  
Stimulant Abuse ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Effective Mode Area ◽  
Mode Area

AbstractStimulant abuse enhances dopamine release, thereby causing increased excitation. Any extent of stimulant abuse can considerably harm the user. Thus, methods of detecting stimulants must be precise, accurate, and reliable. A novel terahertz (THz) photonic crystal fiber with a Topas substrate is designed and rigorously investigated for detecting liquid amphetamine, cocaine, and ketamine. The fiber structure has a pentagonal shape and comprises circular air holes in the core and cladding spatial extents. As shown in finite element simulation, the proposed fiber yields a high relative sensitivity of approximately 80 % when any of the liquid stimulants is infiltrated in the core air holes. At 1 THz operating frequency, the proposed fiber produces a large effective mode area, negligible confinement loss, and extremely low bending and effective material losses. Other THz waveguiding properties, such as core power fraction and total loss, are also studied. Lastly, a positive and negative 2 % fabrication tolerance is set to ensure seamless potential practical realization of the fiber.

Enhanced Effective Area Photonic Crystal Fiber With Novel Air Hole Design

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 2810-2817 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Abdelaziz ◽  
F. AbdelMalek ◽  
H. Ademgil ◽  
S. Haxha ◽  
T. Gorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Air Hole
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