scholarly journals Determinants of Under-five Child Mortality: Evidence from Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Momin Islam ◽  
Farha Musharrat Noor ◽  
Md. Rokibul Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Ahsan Udddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Cluster Survey ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Child Mortality Rate

Abstract Background: Every year millions of under-five children die due to different causes and some of those death could be prevented by proper awareness or taking steps. Though under-five child mortality rate has reduced by a remarkable rate for last decade in Bangladesh, the rate is still high to reach the expected level of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Methods: The main aim of this study was to find out the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of under-five child mortality in Bangladesh. Nationally representative cross-sectional secondary data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019, Bangladesh had been used in this study. Outcome variable was under-five child survival status (alive or dead). Kaplan–Meier log-rank test and Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) model with 95% confidence interval (CI) were fitted to identify associated risk factors for under-five child mortality. This analysis was performed by using STATA version 16.Results: The study showed that among 5112 under-five children, 170 (3.3%) were dead. Cox proportional hazard model revealed that mother’s education [secondary (HR: 0.53, 95%CI: (0.30, 0.94), p=0.03), higher (HR: 0.41, 95% CI: (0.21, 0.81), p=0.01)], higher birth order [HR: 1.43, 95% CI: (1.13, 1.89), p=0.007], size of child at birth [HR: 2.28, 95% CI: (1.22, 4.26), p=0.009], taking antenatal care [HR: 0.77, 95% CI: (0.52, 1.15), p= 0.091] had a significant effect on child mortality. Under-five child mortality rate was varied among division and highest mortality rate was found in Sylhet [HR: 2.13, 95% CI: (0.99, 4.55), p=0.054]. Conclusions: This study identified potential risk factors for under-five child mortality, which would help the policy makers to take proper steps as community-based educational programs for mother’s and public health interventions focused on birth to reduce under-five child mortality rate in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals A Spatial Survival Model for Risk Factors of Under-Five Child Mortality in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Kilemi Daniel ◽  
Nelson Owuor Onyango ◽  
Rachel Jelagat Sarguta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Frailty Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Death Of A Child ◽  
Spatial Differences

Child mortality is high in Sub-Saharan Africa compared to other regions in the world. In Kenya, the risk of mortality is assumed to vary from county to county due to diversity in socio-economic and even climatic factors. Recently, the country was split into 47 different administrative regions called counties, and health care was delegated to those county governments, further aggravating the spatial differences in health care from county to county. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of spatial variation in under-five mortality in Kenya. Data from the Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS-2014) consisting the newly introduced counties was used to analyze this risk. Using a spatial Cox Proportional Hazard model, an Intrinsic Conditional Autoregressive Model (ICAR) was fitted to account for the spatial variation among the counties in the country while the Cox model was used to model the risk factors associated with the time to death of a child. Inference regarding the risk factors and the spatial variation was made in a Bayesian setup based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to provide posterior estimates. The paper indicate the spatial disparities that exist in the country regarding child mortality in Kenya. The specific counties have mortality rates that are county-specific, although neighboring counties have similar hazards for death of a child. Counties in the central Kenya region were shown to have the highest hazard of death, while those from the western region had the lowest hazard of death. Demographic factors such as the sex of the child and sex of the household head, as well as social economic factors, such as the level of education, accounted for the most variation when spatial differences were factored in. The spatial Cox proportional hazard frailty model performed better compared to the non-spatial non-frailty model. These findings can help the country to plan health care interventions at a subnational level and guide social and health policies by ensuring that counties with a higher risk of Under Five Child Mortality (U5CM) are considered differently from counties experiencing a lower risk of death.

Research title on Multilevel Modelling of Time to Death for Under-Five Children: 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Siffir Argawu ◽  
Gudeta Hirko
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Parametric Survival Model ◽  
Parametric Survival

Abstract Background: Reducing child mortality is now a global concern. Globally, Under-five child mortality rate was decreased by 58% in 2017. In the 2016 EDHS report, under-five mortality was declined to 60% in Ethiopia in 2016. Methods: The data for the study was obtained from EDHS data conducted in 2016. In the study, we analysed the data using stratified Cox proportional hazard model and multilevel lognormal parametric survival model. Results: From the total of 10,331 under-five children, 635 (6.1%) deaths had occurred in the 2016 EDHS data. And, the overall probability of survival value was near to 0.92 with the estimated mean survival time was 55.4 months. In the study we found that covariates like birth type of the child, family size, wealth index, frequency of listening radio, place of delivery, place of residence, and geographical region were significant factors for the death of under-five children in stratified Cox proportional hazard model. In the multilevel lognormal parametric survival model, we found that the random-intercept effects of variations between region and household levels on the mean survival times of the children were 1.7 and 0.9, respectively. These values indicated that we had enough evidence for the existence of unobserved heterogeneities between regions and households. Conclusion: The covariates like birth type of the child, family size, wealth index, frequency of listening radio, place of delivery, place of residence, and geographical region covariates were significant factors for under-five children mortality using stratified Cox proportional hazard regression model. In the random-intercept effects model, the two estimated variances of the random-intercept effects for regional and household levels were 1.7 and 0.9, respectively. The values indicate that we have enough evidence that there were unobserved heterogeneities on the mean survival times of the under-five children between regions and households levels. Further studies should be conducted to identify the individual, household, and community-level factors associated with infant and child mortality in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Under-five child mortality in Bangladesh: Classical and Bayesian approaches to Cox proportional hazard model

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Nilima
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard

This study examines the determinants of under-five child mortality in Bangladesh using the data extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2011 and 2014. Product-Limit method and Log-Rank test have been used for bivariate analysis. Cox proportional hazard model has been employed under both classical and Bayesian approaches. Cox regression analysis reveals that region (Barisal and Sylhet), maternal education (higher education), mother’s membership of NGO have significant impact on child mortality. The results obtained using Bayesian Cox PH model are almost similar except one key finding. Under Bayesian analysis, child’s size at birth appeared as potential determinant of under-five mortality whereas it has insignificant effect on child survival when classical Cox model has been applied.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 30(1&2): 45-54, December-2017

ASSOCIATION OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS WITH DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE INDICATOR CLUSTER SURVEY SINDH 2014

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Syed Mustansir Hussain Zaidi ◽  
Hira Fatima Waseem
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Cluster Survey ◽  
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Mother Education ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Diarrhea founds to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than five years. Various factors are associated with diarrhea but socio-demographic factors are the main key elements, which associated with diarrhea. Methods: This study was examined association of socio-demographic factors with diarrhea in children less than five years of age of Sindh, Pakistan, using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted from January 2014 to August 2014. Data were collected for 18,108 children in whom 16,449 children had complete data of demographic variables being included in the analysis. Bivariate analysis was done using Pearson's Chi square test and multivariate analysis being done using binary logistic regression. Results: We found increased risk of diarrhea among children lives in rural areas while household wealth index quintile was also associated with diarrhea. Children in the poor, middle and fourth wealth index quintiles being at increased risk of diarrhea compared to children in the richest wealth index quintile. The highest risk of diarrhea was found for the child having mother with no education as well as children aged 12-23 months. Conclusion: Age of child, mother education and wealth index found significant with diarrhea while Male children, child aged 12-23 months, child with no mother education, child from rural areas and child from poor households found with high risk of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic factors and early marriage among women in Bangladesh, Ghana and Iraq: An illustration from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e07111
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdus Saleh Saleheen ◽  
Sharmin Afrin ◽  
Samia Kabir ◽  
Md. Jakaria Habib ◽  
Maliha Afroj Zinnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Cluster Survey ◽  
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽  
Multiple Indicator

scholarly journals Correlates of child functional difficulties status in Ghana: A further analysis of the 2017/18 multiple indicator cluster survey

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e05727
Author(s):  
Nutifafa Eugene Yaw Dey ◽  
Emmanuel Dziwornu ◽  
Kwabena Frimpong-Manso ◽  
Henry Ofori Duah ◽  
Pascal Agbadi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Survey ◽  
Functional Difficulties ◽  
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽  
Multiple Indicator
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