The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, benzyl amino purin and cupric sulphate on in vitro propagation system from shoot apices of shoot tiller of hybrid Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum)

An efficient micropropagation method of hybrid Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureumn Schum) for in vitro plant production and material breeding was established from multiple-shoot clumps (MCS) regeneration system. This system was important for forage breeding system. Shoot apices from shoot-tillers produced MSC on Murashige-Skoog (MS) induction medium containing several combinations of BAP and 2,4-D in induction stage. The addition of 5 μM (v/v) and 50 μM (v/v) CuSO4 were added in best medium for inoculation to proliferate the clump in proliferation/multiplication stage. Plant regeneration was achieved by culturing on solid MS with several combination of medium containing NAA and BAP in regeneration stage. The best results for induction were Murashige-Skoog (MS) induction medium containing 2 mgL−1 BAP and 0.1 mgL−1 2,4-D. The proliferation stage on MS medium containing 5 μM CuSÜ4 effective for proliferation (50% multiple shoot formation). The regeneration stage using 0.1 mgL−1 NAA and 2.0 mgL−1 BAP (51.6% number of shoot can regenerate). All plantlets were successfully grown up in an acclimatization stage. Based on the results, the hybrid Napier grass regeneration via MSC was a stable tissue culture system (no albino plats), which could be applied either for further genetic transformation assay or for alternative supply of nursery plant in the future.

A State of Health Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Improved Particle Filter Considering Capacity Regeneration

Accurately estimating the state of health (SOH) of a lithium-ion battery is significant for electronic devices. To solve the nonlinear degradation problem of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) caused by capacity regeneration, this paper proposes a new LIB degradation model and improved particle filter algorithm for LIB SOH estimation. Firstly, the degradation process of LIB is divided into the normal degradation stage and the capacity regeneration stage. A multi-stage prediction model (MPM) based on the calendar time of the LIB is proposed. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm is embedded into the standard particle filter to increase the diversity of particles and improve prediction accuracy. Finally, the method is verified with the LIB dataset provided by the NASA Ames Prognostics Center of Excellence. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of capacity prediction.

The engine initiating tissue regeneration: does a common mechanism exist during evolution?

A successful tissue regeneration is a very complex process that requires a precise coordination of many molecular, cellular and physiological events. One of the critical steps is to convert the injury signals into regeneration signals to initiate tissue regeneration. Although many efforts have been made to investigate the mechanisms triggering tissue regeneration, the fundamental questions remain unresolved. One of the major obstacles is that the injury and the initiation of regeneration are two highly coupled processes and hard to separate from one another. In this article, we review the major events occurring at the early injury/regeneration stage in a range of species, and discuss the possible common mechanisms during initiation of tissue regeneration.

Dual-Motor Planetary Transmission to Improve Efficiency in Electric Vehicles

Electric cars are typically subject to highly variable operational conditions, especially when they drive in urban environments. Consequently, the efficiency of the electric motors may degrade significantly, possibly leading to lower autonomy and higher running costs. Latest advances in power electronics and motion control have paved the way to the development of novel architectures of full electric power transmissions. In this paper, a dual-motor solution is proposed where two smaller motors are coupled via a planetary gear, in contrast to the standard configuration that uses one larger motor directly connected to the drive wheels with a fixed ratio reducer. The dual-motor architecture guarantees that both motors operate in the vicinity of their optimal working range, resulting in a higher overall energy efficiency. The technical requirements and the control strategy of the dual-motor system are selected through a parametric optimization process. Results included were obtained from extensive simulations performed over different standard driving cycles, showing that the dual-motor power transmission generally outperforms the single-motor counterpart with an average efficiency improvement of about 9% that is reached in both the power delivery and regeneration stage.

Land use and fragmentation in a dry forest in the Brazilian semiarid

The municipality of Campina Grande is the main medium city in the Brazilian semiarid region. Its floristics are formed by the tropical forest (seasonally dry transition) and the Caatinga. In view of this reality, the present study sought to assess the dynamics of land use, map forest fragments from 2010 to 2018, and study floristics. Remote Sensing and floristic survey techniques were used. There was an increase of 21.6% in urban and agricultural space, a reduction in fragments of vegetation by 20.2% and an increase in the regeneration stage by 18.7%. These data show forest fragmentation and loss of biodiversity due to crop rotation mainly in winter. On the other hand, there is a succession of pioneer species in this regeneration of the Caatinga. This indicates a decrease in the richness of tree species and, consequently, loss of forest in the municipality during this period.

Hybrid compensation of polarization-multiplexed QPSK optical format for high bit rate networks

<span lang="EN-GB">Transmitting the highest capacity throughput over the longest possible distance without any regeneration stage is an important goal of any long-haul optical network system. Accordingly, Polarization-Multiplexed Quadrature Phase-Shift-Keying (PM-QPSK) was introduced lately to achieve high bit-rate with relatively high spectral efficiency. Unfortunately, the required broad bandwidth of PM-QPSK increases the linear and nonlinear impairments in the physical layer of the optical fiber network. Increased attention has been spent to compensate for these impairments in the last years. In this paper, Single Mode Fiber (SMF), single channel, PM-QPSK transceiver was simulated, with a mix of optical and electrical (Digital Signal Processing (DSP)) compensation stages to minimize the impairments. The behaviour of the proposed system was investigated under four conditions: without compensation, with only optical compensator, with only DSP compensator and finally with both compensators. An evidence improvement was noticed in the case of hybrid compensation, where the transmission distance was multiplied from (720 km) to more than (3000 km) at 40 Gb/s.</span>

Determination of clinical efficiency of deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves after endoprosthetics in patients with ventral hernias

Aim. To study the influence of deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves on the type of exudative discharge and dynamics of inflammatory reaction after hernia repair with plastics of the anterior abdominal wall with hernioendoprosthesis of polypropylene. Materials and Methods. The study involved 59 patients being on stationary treatment in the surgical department of Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital. Patients were hospitalized for the herniation of small or medium dimension. The patients were divided to two groups: the main (n=30) and control (n=29) groups. After endoprosthetics, the patients of the control group were given complex conservative treatment. The patients of the main group, besides standard treatment, were administered deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves intravenously in drips 10 ml + 200 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution within 7 days. For cytological examination and determination of the type of cytograms, the traumatic discharge was collected and analyzed using the method of M.F. Kamaev and M.A. Palthsev. Results. Cytomorphometric examination was conducted on the third, fifth and seventh day after endoprosthetics with the aim of studying dynamic changes. Determination of cell composition and also of its changes characteristic of each studied period, was necessary for obtaining further information characterizing inflammatory process in the region of placement of the endoprosthesis. After endoprosthetics in patients who were administered hemodialysate, the inflammatory reaction was less pronounced than in patients who did not receive the preparation. This was associated with a more dynamic change of stages of the inflammatory process. In patients of the main group who received deproteinized dialysate, regenerative type of inflammation first appeared on the fifth day and made 6.9%; by the seventh day the share of patients with the regenerative type rose to 17.5%, while in the patients of the control group no regeneration stage was observed in both periods. Conclusion. Analysis of the efficiency of influence of hemodialysate on the inflammatory reaction in plastics of the anterior abdominal wall with polypropylene endoprosthesis evidences faster course of all stages of inflammation and reduction of its intensity by 10%.

Efeito da regeneração florestal de uma Floresta Tropical Sazonalmente Seca sobre a diversidade de artrópodes de serapilheira

As florestas secundárias vêm substituindo as primárias que são suprimidas pela ação antrópica. Florestas tropicais secas são ecossistemas fortemente afetados por ações antrópicas. A serapilheira representa um importante estrato florestal, composta principalmente por material vegetal, que se decompõem, retorna a matéria orgânica para o ambiente e abriga uma rica teia trófica. Artrópodes atuam na quebra do material vegetal, aeração do solo e enriquecimento do solo com matéria orgânica, auxiliando na manutenção da decomposição da serapilheira. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a diversidade de artrópodes em fragmentos de floresta tropical seca em diferentes estádios de regeneração na estação seca e chuvosa. A diversidade de artrópodes nas estações seca e chuvosa foi analisada através de Perfis de diversidade de Hill; a diversidade beta foi calculada para verificar os padrões de substituição de espécies entre as áreas em diferentes estádios succesionais. As características funcionais foram comparadas através da distância de Gower e CWM. O estádio de regeneração intermediário foi mais rico e mais diversificado que os estádios iniciais e tardios. A beta diversidade foi relativamente baixa, sendo 0,195 o índice de Jaccard entre os três estádios na estação chuvosa e 0,294 para a estação seca. A guilda alimentar mais representativa foi dos herbívoros e o aparelho bucal mais comum o mastigador, não havendo diferenças significativas na distribuição das características funcionais. O estudo confirmou a importância da regeneração florestal sobre a estrutura da comunidade de artrópodes de serapilheira, que tem suas taxas de riqueza, padrões de dominância e diversidade variando de acordo com os estádios sucessionais. Effect of forest regeneration on the diversity of litter arthropods A B S T R A C TSecondary forests have been replacing primary forests that are suppressed by anthropic action. Dry tropical forests are ecosystems strongly affected by human actions. The litter represents an important forest layer, composed mainly of plant material, which decomposes, returns organic matter to the environment and has a rich trophic web. Arthropods act in the breakdown of plant material, aeration of the soil and enrichment of the soil with organic matter, helping to maintain the decomposition of litter. The aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of arthropods in fragments of dry tropical forest at different stages of regeneration in the dry and rainy season. The diversity of arthropods in the dry and rainy seasons was analyzed using Hill's diversity profiles; beta diversity was calculated to verify species substitution patterns between areas at different successional stages. Functional characteristics were compared using Gower and CWM distance. The intermediate regeneration stage was richer and more diverse than the early and late stages. Beta diversity was relatively low, with 0.195 the Jaccard index between the three stages in the rainy season and 0.294 for the dry season. The most representative food guild was the herbivore and the most common mouthpiece was the chewer, with no significant differences in the distribution of functional characteristics. The study confirmed the importance of forest regeneration on the structure of the litter arthropod community, which has its rates of wealth, patterns of dominance and diversity varying according to successional stages.Keywords: Caatinga; chronosequence; edaphic fauna; ecological succession

Establishment of glyphosate selective concentrations for winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) transgenic tissues efficient selection in vitro

Aim. To establish the optimal concentration of glyphosate for efficient selection of transgenic tissue culture in biotechnology of rapeseed by in vitro selection of glyphosate-resistant and non-resistant winter rape. Methods. As an explants 7–10 mm fragments of 6-day rapeseed hypocotyls were used to cultivate on the medium, supplemented with 1 mg/L of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for 12 days at 24°C under dark conditions for the initiation of callusogenesis. For regeneration of plants, the MS nutrient medium was supplemented with 3 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2 mg/L of zeatin, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM of glyphosate, respectively. As a control, glyphosate-free regenerative nutrient medium was used. The results were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel. Results. It has been shown that glyphosate-susceptible rape explants form leaves and shoots with a frequency up to 8.3 % ± 0.8 % on the medium supplemented with 0.1 mM glyphosate compared to 57.2 % ± 0.6 % in the control. However, the morphogenic structures did not pass selection after transferring shoots to the elongation medium supplemented with 0.1 mM glyphosate. Conclusions. For the in vitro selection of rapeseed 0.1 mM glyphosate can be used in a nutrient medium at the stage of adventitious buds formation. But at the regeneration stage, the amount of herbicide should be increased to avoid false-positive results. Keywords: winter rapeseed, Brassica napus L., in vitro culture, selective marker, herbicide, glyphosate.