Child Maltreatment and Risk of Developing Panic Symptoms among Adolescent Aged 11-17-Year-old in Karachi, Pakistan: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir ◽  
Apsara Ali Nathwani ◽  
Naureen Akber Ali ◽  
Salima Farooq ◽  
Ghazal Peerwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Professional Support ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Panic Symptoms

Abstract Background The effect of childhood maltreatment in the developmental pathway of panic symptoms was not well documented specifically in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between child maltreatment and the risk of developing Panic symptoms among adolescents aged 11–17 years in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods The sample of this study comprised of 800 adolescents aged 11–17 years from 32 systematically selected urban and peri-urban clusters of Karachi. The symptoms of panic (significant somatic symptoms) were assessed using a validated tool “SCARED” and the association between childhood maltreatment and panic symptoms was measured using a cox-proportional algorithm. Results Sixty-three percent of severely maltreated children developed Panic symptoms compared to nineteen percent of non-maltreated children. Severely maltreated Female children had approximately four times (95% CI: 2.11–6.35) the risk of panic symptoms and severely maltreated male children were three times (95% CI: 2.27–5.99) more likely to develop panic symptoms. Conclusion The current study provided evidence that maltreated children are at increased risk of developing panic symptoms later in adolescence. Interventions and policies to reduce childhood maltreatment and professional support and counseling to the victims may be an effective strategy to reduce the burden of panic symptoms to some extent.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment: Brief Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Amanda Plácido da Silva Macêdo ◽  
Monnic Maria Lóssio Rocha Maia ◽  
Izadora De Sousa Pereira ◽  
Thânia Maria Rodrigues Figueiredo ◽  
Modesto Leite Rolim Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Increased Risk

Child maltreatment has serious consequences, including increasing an individual's risk of physical and mental health problems across their life course. Objective: Here we show that there  is an important public health message to focus, not only on approaches that prevent or detect childhood maltreatment, but also to explore methods of prevention and detection of mental ill health. Results: The study Childhood maltreatment and adult suicidality: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis (2019) showed that all different types of childhood maltreatment including sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.76–3.64], physical abuse (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.09–3.04) and emotional abuse (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.77) were associated with two- to three-fold increased risk for suicide attempts. Conclusion: It is important to highlight emotional violence may actually be more powerful than physical and sexual abuse in its impact on adolescent suicide behaviors in low- and middle-income countries. Keywords: Child Maltreatment; Mental Health; Prevention.

scholarly journals An investigation of child maltreatment and epigenetic mechanisms of mental and physical health risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1305-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Susan Hetzel ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch ◽  
Elizabeth D. Handley ◽  
Sheree L. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Differential Methylation ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractIn the present investigation, differential methylation analyses of the whole genome were conducted among a sample of 548 school-aged low-income children (47.8% female, 67.7% Black,Mage = 9.40 years), 54.4% of whom had a history of child maltreatment. In the context of a summer research camp, DNA samples via saliva were obtained. Using GenomeStudio, Methylation Module, and the Illumina Custom Model, differential methylation analyses revealed a pattern of greater methylation at low methylation sites (n= 197 sites) and medium methylation sites (n= 730 sites) and less methylation at high methylation sites (n= 907 sites) among maltreated children. The mean difference in methylation between the maltreated and nonmaltreated children was 6.2%. The relative risk of maltreatment with known disease biomarkers was also investigated using GenoGo MetaCore Software. A large number of network objects previously associated with mental health, cancer, cardiovascular systems, and immune functioning were identified evidencing differential methylation among maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Site-specific analyses were also conducted for aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1), and nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (NR3C1) genes, and the results highlight the importance of considering gender and the developmental timing of maltreatment. ForALDH2, the results indicated that maltreated girls evidenced significantly lower methylation compared to nonmaltreated girls, and maltreated boys evidenced significantly higher methylation compared to nonmaltreated boys. Moreover, early onset–not recently maltreated boys evidenced significantly higher methylation atALDH2compared to nonmaltreated boys. Similarly, children with early onset–nonrecent maltreatment evidenced significantly higher methylation compared to nonmaltreated children atANKK1. The site-specific results were not altered by controlling for genotypic variation of respective genes. The findings demonstrate increased risk for adverse physical and mental health outcomes associated with differences in methylation in maltreated children and indicate differences among maltreated children related to developmental timing of maltreatment and gender in genes involved in mental health functioning.

Do documented records and retrospective reports of childhood maltreatment similarly predict chronic inflammation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 2406-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Osborn ◽  
Cathy Spatz Widom
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Reports

AbstractBackgroundChildhood adversities have been associated with chronic inflammation and risk for cardiovascular disease. With some exceptions, existing knowledge of this relationship is based on retrospective self-reports, potentially subject to recall bias or memory problems. We seek to determine whether childhood maltreatment is associated with higher C-reactive protein (CRP) later in life and whether individuals with official and retrospective self-reports of maltreatment and men and women show similar increases in risk.MethodsData are from in-person interviews in 2009–2010 with 443 offspring (mean age = 23.4) of parents in a longitudinal study of the consequences of childhood maltreatment. Official reports of maltreatment were abstracted from 2011–2013 Child Protective Services records. Eleven measures were used to assess self-reported maltreatment retrospectively. Seventeen percent of offspring had official reports, whereas self-reported prevalence rates ranged from 5.4% to 64.8%. CRP was assessed through blood spot samples. Regression models were used to estimate the effect of maltreatment on inflammation, adjusting for age, sex, race, parent occupational status, current depression, smoking, and heavy drinking.ResultsIndividuals with official reports of child maltreatment and, specifically, physical abuse, had significantly higher levels of CRP than non-maltreated individuals. Maltreated females showed elevated CRP, independent of control variables, whereas no significant association was observed in males. Retrospective self-report measures of child maltreatment did not predict elevated CRP.ConclusionsIndividuals with documented histories of childhood maltreatment are at increased risk for chronic inflammation and may benefit from targeted interventions. The results strengthen inferences about the effects of childhood maltreatment on inflammation in females.

Child maltreatment and adult violent offending: population-based twin study addressing the ‘cycle of violence’ hypothesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1977-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Forsman ◽  
N. Långström
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Genes And Environment

BackgroundAssociations between child maltreatment and adult violence, often termed the ‘cycle of violence’, are well documented. However, the nature of such links after appropriate control for confounding remains uncertain. We aimed to determine whether child maltreatment causes adult violent offending or whether suggested links are due to genetic or family environment confounding.MethodA total of 18 083 20- to 47-year-old twins from the Swedish population-based Study of Twin Adults: Genes and Environment (STAGE) participated. We linked information on self-reported child maltreatment with national register data on convictions for adult crime. We used a case-control design to elucidate associations among unrelated individuals and also conducted within-discordant twin pair analyses to estimate the influence of familial confounding on this association.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR), adjusted for age, sex and education, for violent offending in maltreated children grown upversusunrelated controls was 1.98 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52–2.57]. However, the association decreased to 1.18 (95% CI 0.62–2.25) when maltreated children were compared to their non-maltreated twins, suggesting substantial confounding by genetic or family environmental factors (within-twin OR <1.98) and a weak, non-significant causal effect (within-twin OR >1.00). Familial confounding was also pronounced for the association between child maltreatment and any offending.ConclusionsChildhood maltreatment was found to be a weak causal risk factor for adult violent offending; hence, reducing maltreatment might decrease violent crime less than previously expected. Instead, considerable familial confounding of the link between child maltreatment and adult violent offending suggests that prevention strategies need to address overlapping genetic and/or family environmental liability for abusive and violent behavior.

scholarly journals Longitudinal association between parental-to-child-Maltreatment and self-reported Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms in Pakistani Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir ◽  
Ghazal Peerwani ◽  
Salman Muhammad Soomar ◽  
Apsara Ali Nathwani ◽  
Salima Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
International Child ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Risk Ratios

Abstract Background Parent-to-child maltreatment is considered one of the risk factors for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symptoms, but this hypothesis has not been adequately tested in Pakistani settings. Aim This study aimed to examine the association between parent-to-child maltreatment and the risk of developing GAD symptoms among adolescents. Methods The association of none to rare, occasionally, and frequently parent-to-child maltreatment with the incidence of GAD symptoms was investigated in a sample of 800 adolescents aged 11–17 years who were followed for two years. Parent-to-child maltreatment was assessed using ICAST-C (International child abuse screening tool). GAD Symptoms were determined by SCARED (Screen for children anxiety-related disorders). Cox Proportional Algorithm was used to estimate risk ratios. Results Among children with both uneducated parents, frequently maltreatment was associated with 7.31 (2.20–24.04) times the risk of GAD symptoms compared to none to rare maltreatment. In contrast, the risk of GAD symptoms in frequently maltreated children was 5.58 times (1.40–21.97) than negligibly maltreated children with either educated parent. Conclusion The frequency of parent-to-child maltreatment is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing GAD symptoms in which parental education plays a crucial role. Parents should be imparted with the awareness of the consequences of child maltreatment. In Pakistani settings the need to have this awareness is even more necessary due to the culturally acceptable disciplinary measures used by parents.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Association Between Parental-to-child-maltreatment and Self-reported Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symtoms in Pakistani Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir ◽  
Ghazal Peerwani ◽  
Salman Muhammad Soomar ◽  
Apsara Ali Nathwani ◽  
Salima Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
International Child ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Parent-to-child maltreatment is considered to be one of the risk factors for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symtoms but this hypothesis has not been adequately tested in Pakistani settings. Aim: This study aimed to examine the association between parent-to-child maltreatment and the risk of developing GAD symptoms among adolescents.Methods: The association of none to rare, occasionally and frequently parent-to-child maltreatment with the incidence of GAD symptoms was investigated in a sample of 800 adolescents aged 11-17 years who were followed for a period of 2 years. Parent-to-child maltreatment was assessed using ICAST-C (International child abuse screening tool) whereas GAD Symptoms was determined by SCARED (Screen for children anxiety related disorders). Cox Proportional Algorithm was used to estimate risk ratios.Results: Forty-two percent of frequently maltreated children developed GAD symptoms compared to nine percent of none to rare maltreated children. Among children with both uneducated parents, frequently maltreatment was associated with 7.31 (2.20-24.04) times the risk of GAD symptoms as compared to none to rare maltreatment. Conclusion: The frequency of parent-to-child maltreatment is significantly associated with an increased risk of development of GAD symptoms in which parental education plays a crucial role, hence evaluation for the GAD symptoms should be a priority for adolescents with history of occasionally to frequently parent-to-child maltreatment. Parents should be imparted awaress about the ultimate consequences of child maltreatement.

scholarly journals Predictive Biomarkers of Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Roser Velasco ◽  
Montserrat Alemany ◽  
Macarena Villagrán ◽  
Andreas A. Argyriou
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Platinum Compound ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Peripheral Neurotoxicity ◽  
Early Biomarkers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Dose Limiting Toxicity

Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a platinum compound primarily used in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. OXA-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OXAIPN) is the major non-hematological dose-limiting toxicity of OXA-based chemotherapy and includes acute transient neurotoxic effects that appear soon after OXA infusion, and chronic non-length dependent sensory neuronopathy symmetrically affecting both upper and lower limbs in a stocking-and-glove distribution. No effective strategy has been established to reverse or treat OXAIPN. Thus, it is necessary to early predict the occurrence of OXAIPN during treatment and possibly modify the OXA-based regimen in patients at high risk as an early diagnosis and intervention may slow down neuropathy progression. However, identifying which patients are more likely to develop OXAIPN is clinically challenging. Several objective and measurable early biomarkers for OXAIPN prediction have been described in recent years, becoming useful for informing clinical decisions about treatment. The purpose of this review is to critically review data on currently available or promising predictors of OXAIPN. Neurological monitoring, according to predictive factors for increased risk of OXAIPN, would allow clinicians to personalize treatment, by monitoring at-risk patients more closely and guide clinicians towards better counseling of patients about neurotoxicity effects of OXA.

scholarly journals Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110294
Author(s):  
Annie Bérubé ◽  
Jessica Turgeon ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
Daniel Fiset
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Meta Analyses

Child maltreatment has many well-documented lasting effects on children. Among its consequences, it affects children’s recognition of emotions. More and more studies are recognizing the lasting effect that a history of maltreatment can have on emotion recognition. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand this relationship. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used and four databases were searched, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and FRANCIS, using three cross-referenced key words: child abuse, emotion recognition, and adults. The search process identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review highlights the wide variety of measures used to assess child maltreatment as well as the different protocols used to measure emotion recognition. The results indicate that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment show a differentiated reaction to happiness, anger, and fear. Happiness is less detected, whereas negative emotions are recognized more rapidly and at a lower intensity compared to adults not exposed to such traumatic events. Emotion recognition is also related to greater brain activation for the maltreated group. However, the results are less consistent for adults who also have a diagnosis of mental health problems. The systematic review found that maltreatment affects the perception of emotions expressed on both adult and child faces. However, more research is needed to better understand how a history of maltreatment is related to adults’ perception of children’s emotions.

scholarly journals Association between Childhood Maltreatment History and Premenstrual Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Kanako Ito ◽  
Satomi Doi ◽  
Aya Isumi ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Japanese City ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
General Practice Clinic

Childhood maltreatment history has known relationships with various mental and physical diseases; however, little is known about its association with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). In this study, we investigated the association between childhood maltreatment history and PMS among young women in Japan. In a Japanese city, we approached 3815 women aged 10–60 years who visited a gynecology clinic and one general practice clinic. A questionnaire on childhood maltreatment history and PMS was administered to them. We observed that women with histories of childhood maltreatment demonstrated a significantly increased risk of PMS compared with those without such histories (odds ratio: 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.81). Particularly, women with childhood physical or emotional abuse demonstrated a stronger association with PMS, whereas other forms of childhood maltreatment (emotional neglect, witnessing of intimate-partner violence, or sexual abuse) were not associated with PMS. Our results illustrate that childhood maltreatment may be a risk factor for PMS.

Somatic symptoms are sensitive in predicting interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chun Chen ◽  
MingHuei Lee ◽  
Shang-Liang Wu ◽  
Hsuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Kun-Min Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reimbursement Database

Objectives Somatic symptoms are somatic complaints accompanied by disproportionate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to such symptoms. The study investigated five International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses hallmarked by somatic symptoms. The study hypothesized an increased risk of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in patients with somatic symptoms. Methods The raw data were obtained from a nationwide health insurance reimbursement database over a 12-year period from 2002 to 2013. The study followed a somatic symptoms cohort ( n = 34,393) and non-somatic symptoms cohort ( n = 637,999) for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Both cohorts were stratified into three subgroups based on propensity scores calculated by sex, age, and 17 comorbidities of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Results The incidence density of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome between the somatic symptoms cohort and non-somatic symptoms cohort was significantly different in the three subgroups (relative ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.14 [1.01, 4.53], 1.52 [1.47, 1.57], and 1.59 [1.28, 1.98], respectively). The adjusted hazard ratio for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome was significantly greater in the female-dominant and older age subgroups—subgroup 2 and subgroup 3 (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.47 [1.07, 2.01] and 1.72 [1.38, 2.16], respectively). Conclusion The longitudinal investigation identified a subsequent risk of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in patients with somatic symptoms. Somatic symptoms might be linked to biological pathways that might increase the risk of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, much like more traditional psychosocial factors.

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