Do documented records and retrospective reports of childhood maltreatment similarly predict chronic inflammation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 2406-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Osborn ◽  
Cathy Spatz Widom
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Reports

AbstractBackgroundChildhood adversities have been associated with chronic inflammation and risk for cardiovascular disease. With some exceptions, existing knowledge of this relationship is based on retrospective self-reports, potentially subject to recall bias or memory problems. We seek to determine whether childhood maltreatment is associated with higher C-reactive protein (CRP) later in life and whether individuals with official and retrospective self-reports of maltreatment and men and women show similar increases in risk.MethodsData are from in-person interviews in 2009–2010 with 443 offspring (mean age = 23.4) of parents in a longitudinal study of the consequences of childhood maltreatment. Official reports of maltreatment were abstracted from 2011–2013 Child Protective Services records. Eleven measures were used to assess self-reported maltreatment retrospectively. Seventeen percent of offspring had official reports, whereas self-reported prevalence rates ranged from 5.4% to 64.8%. CRP was assessed through blood spot samples. Regression models were used to estimate the effect of maltreatment on inflammation, adjusting for age, sex, race, parent occupational status, current depression, smoking, and heavy drinking.ResultsIndividuals with official reports of child maltreatment and, specifically, physical abuse, had significantly higher levels of CRP than non-maltreated individuals. Maltreated females showed elevated CRP, independent of control variables, whereas no significant association was observed in males. Retrospective self-report measures of child maltreatment did not predict elevated CRP.ConclusionsIndividuals with documented histories of childhood maltreatment are at increased risk for chronic inflammation and may benefit from targeted interventions. The results strengthen inferences about the effects of childhood maltreatment on inflammation in females.

Childhood Maltreatment and Psychosis: A Comparative Validity Study of Maltreatment Indices

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755952092747
Author(s):  
Rhianna E. Beasley ◽  
Aaron J. Kivisto ◽  
Bethany L. Leonhardt ◽  
Jordan S. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Psychosis Risk ◽  
Using Data

Childhood maltreatment is a robust risk factor for psychosis, but it remains unclear whether different measurement methods provide equivalent validity in predicting psychotic symptoms. This study compared the predictive validity of two common indices of maltreatment at age 12—children’s self-report and Child Protective Services (CPS) reports—on the development of psychotic symptoms at age 18 using data from a large, multisite longitudinal study ( N = 629). Consistent with prior research, agreement was low between indices, with the prevalence of self-reported maltreatment being 2–3 times higher. A quarter of the sample endorsed at least one psychotic symptom at age 18, most commonly delusions. While CPS-indicated maltreatment was generally not associated with later psychotic symptoms, all forms of self-reported maltreatment were. Sexual abuse demonstrated a particularly strong relationship with psychosis, especially hallucinations. These results suggest that self-reports may provide stronger predictive validity than CPS indications of maltreatment in the assessment of psychosis risk, indicating that a child’s interpretation of trauma matters more than the traumatic event itself in this regard.

scholarly journals Childhood Maltreatment Among Hispanic Women in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Warner ◽  
Margarita Alegría ◽  
Glorisa Canino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Nativity Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Prevalence rates of childhood maltreatment among Hispanic women in the United States are presented separately for nativity status and ethnic origin subgroups, and the associations between different types of maltreatment and the development of anxiety and depressive disorders are examined. Analyses used self-report data from 1,427 Hispanic women who participated in the National Latino and Asian American Survey. Foreign-born Hispanic women compared to U.S.-born Hispanic women reported significantly lower rates of sexual assault and witnessing interpersonal violence, and a significantly higher rate of being beaten. Ethnic subgroups reported similar rates of maltreatment, with the exception of rape. Bivariate analyses were remarkably consistent in that regardless of nativity status or ethnic subgroup, each type of maltreatment experience increased the risk of psychiatric disorder. In multivariate models controlling for all types of victimization and proxies of acculturation, having been beaten and witnessing interpersonal violence remained significant predictors of both disorders, but sexual abuse increased risk of anxiety only. A significant interaction effect of family cultural conflict and witnessing violence on anxiety provided very limited support for the hypothesis that acculturation moderates the influence of maltreatment on mental health outcomes. Implications for culturally relevant prevention and intervention approaches are presented.

Childhood Maltreatment and Development of Substance Use Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanie Edalati ◽  
Marvin D. Krank
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with increased risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs). CM exerts negative effects on cognitive abilities including intellectual performance, memory, attention, and executive function. Parallel cognitive impairments have been observed in SUDs. Hence, limited studies have examined the mediating effect of cognitive impairments in the relationship between CM and SUDs. In addition, most studies used concurrent self-report assessments in adult populations. Longitudinal studies that investigated the long-term consequences of CM on psychopathology, including SUDs, throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood are rare. Thus, the underlying developmental pathways between CM and SUDs are not clearly understood. In this article, we review the evidence that cognitive impairments mediate, at least in part, the relationship between CM and development of SUDs and propose a model that explains how CM increases the risk for SUDs through the development of a cognitive framework of vulnerability.

Motivations for Emotions in Bipolar Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262097958
Author(s):  
Yael Millgram ◽  
June Gruber ◽  
Cynthia M. Villanueva ◽  
Anna Rapoport ◽  
Maya Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Recent work has begun to examine the link between motivation for specific emotions and psychopathology. Yet research on this topic to date has focused primarily on depression. To understand patterns of motivation for emotions within and across affective disorders, we assessed motivation for emotions in adults at increased risk for and diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). We focused on motivation for negative (i.e., sadness) and positive (i.e., happiness) emotions and for emotional instability using self-report and behavioral measures. Both increased BD risk and diagnosis of BD were associated with increased motivation for sadness and decreased motivation for happiness as assessed by behavioral measures. Such motivational tendencies were less consistent when assessed by self-reports. Higher BD risk was associated with increased self-reported motivation for emotional instability (Studies 1–3), although this association was not evident in BD (Study 4). Findings suggest both similarities and differences in motivation for emotions in affective disorders.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment: Brief Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Amanda Plácido da Silva Macêdo ◽  
Monnic Maria Lóssio Rocha Maia ◽  
Izadora De Sousa Pereira ◽  
Thânia Maria Rodrigues Figueiredo ◽  
Modesto Leite Rolim Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Increased Risk

Child maltreatment has serious consequences, including increasing an individual's risk of physical and mental health problems across their life course. Objective: Here we show that there  is an important public health message to focus, not only on approaches that prevent or detect childhood maltreatment, but also to explore methods of prevention and detection of mental ill health. Results: The study Childhood maltreatment and adult suicidality: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis (2019) showed that all different types of childhood maltreatment including sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.76–3.64], physical abuse (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.09–3.04) and emotional abuse (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.77) were associated with two- to three-fold increased risk for suicide attempts. Conclusion: It is important to highlight emotional violence may actually be more powerful than physical and sexual abuse in its impact on adolescent suicide behaviors in low- and middle-income countries. Keywords: Child Maltreatment; Mental Health; Prevention.

Child Maltreatment in United States: An Examination of Child Reports and Substantiation Rates

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Bingham ◽  
Kyong-Ah Kwon ◽  
John Kesner
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Child Victim ◽  
Child Reports ◽  
The Us ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Grave Problem

AbstractChild maltreatment represents a serious threat to children's rights and is a grave problem in the US and around the world. It is the second leading cause of death for children in the US. Each year, hundreds of thousands of reports are made to child protective services across the US. A fraction of these reports are made by the alleged victims of child maltreatment. While research into maltreatment reporting has generally focused on adult reporters, research on reports made by children themselves has been largely ignored. Data from a national child maltreatment reporting system were analyzed to first describe and then compare reports of maltreatment made by the alleged child victim to other adult reporters. Results indicated that a minority of self-reports are substantiated by child protective services and that the type of maltreatment most often reported by the alleged child victim differed significantly from other adult reporters. Differences related to the gender, race and ethnicity of the child reporter were also found.

scholarly journals Child maltreatment, callous–unemotional traits, and defensive responding in high-risk children: An investigation of emotion-modulated startle response

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1527-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa N. Dackis ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch ◽  
Dante Cicchetti
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unemotional Traits

AbstractChild maltreatment is associated with disruptions in physiological arousal, emotion regulation, and defensive responses to cues of threat and distress, as well as increased risk for callous unemotional (CU) traits and externalizing behavior. Developmental models of CU traits have focused on biological and genetic risk factors that contribute to hypoarousal and antisocial behavior, but have focused less on environmental influences (Blair, 2004; Daversa, 2010; Hare, Frazell, & Cox, 1978; Krueger, 2000; Shirtcliff et al., 2009; Viding, Fontaine, & McCrory, 2012). The aim of the present investigation was to measure the independent and combined effects of child maltreatment and high CU traits on emotion-modulated startle response in children. Participants consisted of 132 low-income maltreated (n= 60) and nonmaltreated (n= 72) children between 8 and 12 years old who attended a summer camp program. Acoustic startle response (ASR) was elicited in response to a 110-dB 50-ms probe while children viewed a slideshow of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant IAPS images. Maltreatment status was assessed through examination of Department of Human Services records. CU traits were measured using counselor reports from the Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits (Frick, 2004), and conduct problems were measured using counselor and child self-report. We found no significant differences in emotion-modulated startle in the overall sample. However, significant differences in ASR by maltreatment status, maltreatment subtype, and level of CU traits were apparent. Results indicated differential physiological responses for maltreated and nonmaltreated children based on CU traits, including a pathway of hypoarousal for nonmaltreated/high CU children that differed markedly from a more normative physiological trajectory for maltreated/high CU children. Further, we found heightened ASR for emotionally and physically neglected children with high CU and elevated antisocial behavior in these children. Results provide further support for differential trajectories by which experience and biology may influence the development of antisocial behavior in youth and highlight potential avenues for intervention.

scholarly journals Childhood maltreatment and poor functional outcomes at the transition to adulthood: a comparison of prospective informant- and retrospective self-reports of maltreatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Latham ◽  
Emma Quilter ◽  
Louise Arseneault ◽  
Andrea Danese ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

Abstract Purpose Growing evidence suggests that prospective informant-reports and retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment may be differentially associated with adult psychopathology. However, it remains unknown how associations for these two maltreatment reporting types compare when considering functional outcomes. The present study compared associations between childhood maltreatment and functional outcomes at age 18 years using these two methods. Methods We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of 2232 children born in England and Wales in 1994–1995. Maltreatment prior to age 12 years was assessed prospectively (during multiple home visits between birth and age of 12 years based on interviews with caregivers, researcher observations, and information from practitioners where child protection referrals were made) and retrospectively (at age 18 via self-report on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire). Nine functional outcomes were measured at age 18, forming two variables capturing: (i) psychosocial and (ii) vocational disadvantage. Results Among the 2054 participants with available data, childhood maltreatment was associated with poorer functional outcomes regardless of whether this was reported only prospectively, only retrospectively, or both. Stronger associations with psychosocial disadvantage arose in the context of retrospective recall by participants (OR = 8.25, 95% CI 4.93–13.82) than prospective reports by informants (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.36–3.04) of maltreatment. Conversely, associations with vocational disadvantage were comparable for both prospective informant-reports (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.42–3.38) and retrospective self-reports (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.33–2.81) of maltreatment. Conclusion Results highlight the importance of considering the maltreatment report type used when interpreting the functional consequences of childhood maltreatment.

Childhood maltreatment, posttraumatic stress symptomatology, and adolescent dating violence: Considering the value of adolescent perceptions of abuse and a trauma mediational model

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE WEKERLE ◽  
DAVID A. WOLFE ◽  
D. LYNN HAWKINS ◽  
ANNA-LEE PITTMAN ◽  
ASHLEY GLICKMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescent Dating Violence ◽  
Mediational Model ◽  
Adolescent Dating ◽  
School Sample

The present study, utilizing both a child protective services and high school sample of midadolescents, examined the issue of self-report of maltreatment as it relates to issues of external validity (i.e., concordance with social worker ratings), reliability (i.e., overlap with an alternate child maltreatment self-report inventory; association of a self-labeling item as “abused” with their subscale item counterparts), and construct validity (i.e., the association of maltreatment with posttraumatic stress symptomatology and dating violence). Relevant theoretical work in attachment, trauma, and relationship violence points to a mediational model, whereby the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescent dating violence would be expected to be accounted for by posttraumatic stress symptomatology. In the high school sample, 1329 adolescents and, in the CPS sample, 224 youth on the active caseloads completed comparable questionnaires in the three domains of interest. For females only, results supported a mediational model in the prediction of dating violence in both samples. For males, child maltreatment and trauma symptomatology added unique contributions to predicting dating violence, with no consistent pattern emerging across samples. When considering the issue of self-labeling as abused, CPS females who self-labeled had higher posttraumatic stress symptomatology and dating violence victimization scores than did their nonlabeling, maltreated counterparts for emotional maltreatment. These results point to the need for ongoing work in understanding the process of disclosure and how maltreatment experiences are consciously conceptualized.

Documentation of Child Maltreatment in Electronic Health Records

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1041-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canan Karatekin ◽  
Brandon Almy ◽  
Susan Marshall Mason ◽  
Iris Borowsky ◽  
Andrew Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Electronic Health

International Classification of Diseases codes for child maltreatment can aid surveillance and research, but the extent to which they are used is not well established. We documented prevalence of the use of maltreatment-related codes, examined demographic characteristics of youth assigned these codes, and compared results with previous studies. Data were extracted from electronic health records of 0- to 21-year-olds assigned 1 of 15 maltreatment-related International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes who had encounters in a large medical system over a 4-year period. Only 0.02% of approximately 2.5 million youth had a maltreatment-related code, replicating other studies. Results provide a dramatic contrast to much higher rates based on self-report or informant-report and referrals to Child Protective Services. Lack of documentation of maltreatment in electronic health records can lead to missed chances at early intervention, inadequate coordination of health care, insufficient allocation of resources to addressing problems related to maltreatment, and flawed public health data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document