scholarly journals Acute Exposure to Simulated High-altitude Hypoxia Alters Gut Microbiota in Mice

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Tong Xu ◽  
Youchun Hu ◽  
Yugang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
High Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
Simulated High Altitude

Abstract Gut microbiota bears adaptive potential to different environments, but little is known regarding its responses to acute high-altitude exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial changes after acute exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia. C57BL/6J mice were divided into hypoxia and normoxia groups. The hypoxia group was exposed to a simulated altitude of 5500 m for 24 hours above sea level. The normoxia group was maintained in low-altitude of 10 m above sea level. Colonic microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA V4 gene sequencing. Compared with the normoxia group, shannon, simpson and Akkermansia were significantly increased, while Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and Bifidobacterium were significantly decreased in the hypoxia group. The hypoxia group exhibited lower mobile element containing and higher potentially pathogenic and stress tolerant phenotypes than those in the normoxia group. Functional analysis indicated that environmental information processing was significantly lower, metabolism, cellular processes and organismal systems were significantly higher in the hypoxia group than those in the normoxia group. In conclusion, acute exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia alters gut microbiota diversity and composition, which may provide a potential target to alleviate acute high-altitude diseases.

Recruitments of Sherpa highlanders and non-Sherpa lowlanders v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunden Droma ◽  
not provided Masayuki Hanaoka ◽  
not provided Masao Ota
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
High Altitude Hypoxia

In order to carry out the research project of genetic adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in Sherpa highlanders, we recruited Sherpa highlanders in Namche Bazaar village at a high altitude of 3,440 meters (m) above sea level and non-Sherpa lowlanders in Kathmandu city at 1,300 m in Nepal. Venous blood was sampled to obtain plasma and extract DNA in each subject. The concentrations of factors in plasma were measured. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the hypoxia-associated genes were genotyped.

Reduction of Postprandial Lipemia after Acute Exposure to High Altitude Hypoxia

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Férézou ◽  
J. Richalet ◽  
C. Sérougne ◽  
T. Coste ◽  
E. Wirquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
High Altitude Hypoxia

Exhaled nitric oxide decreases upon acute exposure to high-altitude hypoxia

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Brown ◽  
Cynthia M. Beall ◽  
Kingman P. Strohl ◽  
Phoebe S. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
High Altitude Hypoxia

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Acetaminophen and Metformin Hydrochloride in Rats After Exposure to Simulated High Altitude Hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-bo Zhu ◽  
Jian-xin Yang ◽  
Yong-qiong Nian ◽  
Gui-qin Liu ◽  
Ya-bin Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Organic Cation Transporter ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
High Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
Simulated High Altitude

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs were altered under high altitude hypoxia, thereby affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drug. However, there are few literatures on the pharmacokinetic changes of antipyretic and pain-relieving drugs and cardiovascular system drugs at high altitude. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and metformin hydrochloride in rats under simulated high altitude hypoxia condition. Mechanically, the protein and mRNA expression of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Compared with the normoxia group, the t1/2 and AUC of acetaminophen were significantly increased, and the CL/F was significantly decreased in rats after exposure to simulated high altitude hypoxia. The t1/2 of metformin hydrochloride was significantly increased by simulated high altitude hypoxia. No significant differences in AUC and CL/F of metformin hydrochloride were observed when comparing the hypoxia group with the normoxia group. The protein and mRNA expression of UGT1A1 and OCT2 were decreased significantly under hypoxia in rats. This study found obvious changes in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and metformin hydrochloride in rats after exposure to simulated high altitude hypoxia, and they might be due to significant decreases in the expressions of UGT1A1 and OCT2. To sum up, our data suggested that the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and metformin hydrochloride should be reexamined, and the optimal dose should be reassessed under hypoxia exposure.

Cardiac and vascular disease prior to hatching in chick embryos incubated at high altitude

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Salinas ◽  
C. E. Blanco ◽  
M. Villena ◽  
E. J. Camm ◽  
J. D. Tuckett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Oxygen Supplementation ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
High Altitude Hypoxia

The partial contributions of reductions in fetal nutrition and oxygenation to slow fetal growth and a developmental origin of cardiovascular disease remain unclear. By combining high altitude with the chick embryo model, we have previously isolated the direct effects of high-altitude hypoxia on growth. This study isolated the direct effects of high-altitude hypoxia on cardiovascular development. Fertilized eggs from sea-level or high-altitude hens were incubated at sea level or high altitude. Fertilized eggs from sea-level hens were also incubated at high altitude with oxygen supplementation. High altitude promoted embryonic growth restriction, cardiomegaly and aortic wall thickening, effects which could be prevented by incubating eggs from high-altitude hens at sea level or by incubating eggs from sea-level hens at high altitude with oxygen supplementation. Embryos from high-altitude hens showed reduced effects of altitude incubation on growth restriction but not on cardiovascular remodeling. The data show that: (1) high-altitude hypoxia promotes embryonic cardiac and vascular disease already evident prior to hatching and that this is associated with growth restriction; (2) the effects can be prevented by increased oxygenation; and (3) the effects are different in embryos from sea-level or high-altitude hens.

Effects of acute prolonged exposure to high-altitude hypoxia on exercise-induced breathlessness

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nausherwan K. BURKI ◽  
J. Wesley MCCONNELL ◽  
Mohammad AYUB ◽  
Richard M. LILES
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
High Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The direct effects of hypoxia on exercise-induced breathlessness are unclear. Increased breathlessness on exercise is known to occur at high altitude, but it is not known whether this is related to the hypoxia per se, or to other ventilatory parameters. To examine the role of high-altitude hypoxia in exercise-induced breathlessness, studies were performed in 10 healthy, normal subjects at sea level and after acute exposure to an altitude of 4450 ;m. Although the perception of hand weights did not alter between sea level and high altitude, the intensity of exercise-induced breathlessness increased significantly at high altitude. This was associated with a higher minute ventilation and respiratory frequency for any given exercise level, whereas tidal volume was not significantly altered from sea level values. The increased intensity of breathlessness with exercise did not change significantly over the 5 days at high altitude. These results suggest that the increased intensity of exercise-induced breathlessness at high altitude is not related to peripheral mechanisms or the pattern of ventilation, or to the level of hypoxia per se, but to the level of reflexly increased ventilation.

scholarly journals Integrative plasma proteomic and microRNA analysis of Jersey cattle in response to high-altitude hypoxia

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 4606-4618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Kong ◽  
Chuanshe Zhou ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Jinzhen Jiao ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
High Altitude Hypoxia

A STUDY OF VARIOUS INDICES OF ADRENOCORTICAL ACTIVITY DURING 23 DAYS AT HIGH ALTITUDE

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. B. MACKINNON ◽  
M. E. MONK-JONES ◽  
K. FOTHERBY
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity

SUMMARY 1. Four men and three women ascended by télépherique and helicopter from 1000 to 4333 m. where they remained for 23 days. 2. Measurements of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, 17-oxosteroids, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol and circulating eosinophils were made at sea level and at high altitude. 3. An attempt was also made to measure changes in emotional activity by means of the palmar sweat index (PSI). This index was assessed at intervals throughout the day at sea level and at high altitude, and in response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and a self-imposed stress. 4. Within 24 hr. of acute exposure to high altitude urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids increased whilst circulating eosinophils decreased; by the 5th day both were returning to sea-level values. The output of 17-oxosteroids was lower by the 5th day at high altitude and subsequently increased; pregnanediol and pregnanetriol levels remained unchanged. 5. PSIs throughout the day become progressively lower as the length of stay at altitude increased. The response to ACTH at sea level and high altitude appeared to be similar but the response to a self-imposed stress was longer in duration at high altitude than at sea level.

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