Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency have a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea
Abstract Objectives The aim of the study is evaluate the association of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in shift workers. Methods This cross-sectional study included rotating shift workers in an iron ore extraction company. Participants were classified as VDD when 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL for a healthy population and 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL for groups at risk for VDD. Risk of developing OSA classified by Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and NoSAS score. Data were compared using chi-square analysis with Cramer's V as effect size, and Bonferroni correction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether VDD was associated with OSA risk assessment. Results Among 1461 workers, mostly male (97.4%), younger, aged 30 to 39 years (53.9%), worked shifts for more than 5 years (75.8%). A prevalence of high risk of OSA by BQ was 15.9%, and 32.5% by NoSAS score. Besides, 28.9% had VDD. In multivariate analysis, controlled for confounding factors, workers with VDD had a 79% increased chance of OSA by BQ (OR: 1.79; CI95%: 1.27-2.51) and an 85% increased chance of OSA by NoSAS score (OR: 1.85; CI95% 1.35-2.53). After subgroup analyses, similar results were not observed in workers aged 20-29 years. Conclusion Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea, assesed by Berlin questionnaire and NoSAS score.