POLICYMAKING AND THE POWER STRUGGLE IN COMMUNIST CHINA DURING THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION

The current cultural rectification campaign in Communist China, which is to “sweep away all monsters” and “touch people to their very souls,” surpasses all previous campaigns in intensity, but more importantly it has revealed a serious political breach within the Chinese Communist Party itself.

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“Collective Monitoring, Collective Defense”: Science, Earthquakes, and Politics in Communist China

Science in Context ◽

10.1017/s0269889711000329 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 127-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Fa-ti Fan

Keyword(s):

Natural Disasters ◽

Cultural Revolution ◽

Prediction Program ◽

Political Ideas ◽

State And Society ◽

Collective Defense ◽

Earthquake Monitoring ◽

Communist China ◽

Mass Participation ◽

The Cultural Revolution

ArgumentThis paper examines the earthquake monitoring and prediction program, called “collective monitoring, collective defense,” in communist China during the Cultural Revolution, a period of political upheavals and natural disasters. Guided by their scientific and political ideas, the Chinese developed approaches to earthquake monitoring and prediction that emphasized mass participation, everyday knowledge, and observations of macro-seismic phenomena. The paper explains the ideas, practices, and epistemology of the program within the political context of the Cultural Revolution. It also suggests possibilities for comparative analysis of science, state, and natural disasters. The paper redefines the concept of “citizen science” and argues that the concept provides a useful comparative perspective on the intimate relationship between science and the macropolitics of modern state and society.

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The Cultural Revolution in Inner Mongolia

The China Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0305741000005634 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 114-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paul Hyer ◽

William Heaton

Keyword(s):

Cultural Revolution ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

National Minority ◽

The Political ◽

Power Struggle ◽

Political Upheaval ◽

Military Control ◽

Local Levels ◽

Government Authority ◽

The Cultural Revolution

A significant aspect of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution has been to reveal the least stable areas of China geographically and politically. One of these is Inner Mongolia. Also, the events of the upheaval— in direct contradiction to the Maoist dictum that “the Party must always control the gun, the gun must never be allowed to control the Party”— have caused a breakdown in Party and Government authority and a shift to military control in many parts of China: administrative organs at provincial, municipal and local levels have been replaced by People's Liberation Army (PLA) directed “Revolutionary Committees.” In most areas of China, the political upheaval can be ascribed to a power struggle between the Party, Red Guards and other semi-organised groups. However, the Cultural Revolution in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region takes on added significance in that “local nationalism” among the Mongol national minority played an important role in the conflict between the established political structure and the efforts of the Maoists to “seize power.”

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After Comradeship: Personal Relations in China Since the Cultural Revolution

The China Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s030574100003335x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 104 ◽

pp. 657-675 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

Thomas B. Gold

Keyword(s):

Present Article ◽

Cultural Revolution ◽

Classic Article ◽

Personal Relations ◽

Communist China ◽

20Th Anniversary ◽

Traditional Patterns ◽

Sociological Explanation ◽

The Cultural Revolution

The year 1985 marks the 20th anniversary of the publication in The China Quarterly of Ezra F. Vogel's classic article, “From friendship to comradeship: the change in personal relations in communist China.” The present article examines personal relations in China in the wake of the intervening two decades of Cultural Revolution (CR) and modernizing reforms. I will describe the major dimensions of personal relations in 1985 and offer a sociological explanation for them. My argument is that these relationships represent a re-emergence of certain traditional patterns as reshaped by both the CR and the current restructuring of state-society relations.

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Mao versus Liu? Policy Towards Industry and Commerce, 1946–49

The China Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0305741000006202 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 494-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kenneth Lieberthal

Keyword(s):

Cultural Revolution ◽

Internal Politics ◽

Communist China ◽

Industry And Commerce ◽

The Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution in China yielded a variety of “charges” and “disclosures” about internal politics that will form the basis of a considerable amount of discussion among China scholars during the coming years. The task of determining which of these revelations can contribute to our knowledge about past events in Communist China and whicl ones may be misleading has already begun. In an attempt to further this work, this article evaluates one group of these charges – that concerning differences between Mao Tse-tung's and Liu Shao-ch'i's conceptions of the urban revolution in China after Liberation, especially as these differences were emphasized during Liu's visit to Tientsin in April–May 1949.

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The Management and Power Structure of Chinese Enterprises during and after the Cultural Revolution; with Empirical Data Comparing Chinese and European Enterprises

Organization Studies ◽

10.1177/017084068400500101 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Oiva Laaksonen

Keyword(s):

Cultural Revolution ◽

Free Market ◽

Power Structure ◽

Mao Zedong ◽

Enterprise Management ◽

Questionnaire Data ◽

Chinese Enterprises ◽

Communist China ◽

History Of ◽

The Cultural Revolution

During the history of Communist China, the management and structure of enterprises have undergone great changes, reaching their culmination during the Cultural Revolution and afterwards under the new administration which followed the late Chairman Mao-Zedong. The main shifts in recent years have been: from the use of ideology in guiding organizations towards the use of economic rewards; a move towards decentralization of enterprise management; and one towards a limited free market system in the economy. The paper is divided into two main parts. First we analyse the development of the power structure in Chinese enterprises since the Cultural Revolution, and in the second part we study how the changes in the power structure appear in the influence of different interest groups in decision making at the end of 1980, comparing the results of the IDE study of European enterprises with interview and personally administered questionnaire data collected in China. On the whole, European personnel appear to exercise more influence than do their Chinese counterparts.

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