Anomalies in X-Ray Residual Stress Measurements in Cold-Rolled Steels

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiner Doelle ◽  
Jerome B. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Cold Rolled

Service Loading Analysis of Wind Turbine Gearbox Rolling Bearings Based on X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 768-769 ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Gegner ◽  
Wolfgang Nierlich
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rolling Bearings ◽  
Wind Turbine Gearbox ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements

Rolling bearings in wind turbine gearboxes occasionally fail prematurely by so-called white etching cracks. The appearance of the damage indicates brittle spontaneous tensile stress induced surface cracking followed by corrosion fatigue driven crack growth. An X-ray diffraction based residual stress analysis reveals vibrations in service as the root cause. The occurrence of high local friction coefficients in the rolling contact is described by a tribological model. Depth profiles of the equivalent shear and normal stresses are compared with residual stress patterns and a relevant fracture strength, respectively. White etching crack failures are reproduced on a rolling contact fatigue test rig under increased mixed friction. Causative vibration loading is evident from residual stress measurements. Cold working compressive residual stresses are an effective countermeasure.

Polychromatic X-ray method for residual-stress measurements in a subsurface layer

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
J. Shibano ◽  
S. Tadano ◽  
T. Ukai
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements

The Effects of X-Ray Optics on Residual Stress Measurements in Steel

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 354-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester F. Jatczak ◽  
Harald H. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Broad Line ◽  
Beam Optics ◽  
General Electric ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Peak Location

AbstractThe effects of various combinations of divergence, receiving and Soller slits on x-ray measurements were investigated for Siemens-Halske and General Electric diffractometers. Influences of the following factors which also affect accuracy and precision of x-ray R.S. results were determined in addition: (a) parafocus versus stationary detector focusing geometry, (b) method of peak location, (c) LPA intensity correction, (d) diffractometer electronic stability and (e) elastic constants.The optimum choiees of beam optics and factors (a-e) were defined with regard to aecuraey, precision and minimurn time for stress deterniination, on sharp and broad line speeimens of soft (annealed) and hardened steel and of annealed Cr-powder.

X-ray Residual Stress Measurements Using Parallel Beam Optics

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Chrenko
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Beam Optics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Parallel Beam ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Special Modes

X-ray residual stress measurements have been made with a commercial portable X-ray diffraction apparatus that uses parallel beam optics and that was specifically designed for residual stress measurements. This machine differs from X-ray diffraction units using the usual parafocusing geometry in several respects, most notably reduced sample placement errors and larger sample sizes that can be accommodated. Two special modes of operation are available and will be discussed. These are the ability to use the side inclining method for stress analysis and the ability to use an oscillating ψ motion, the latter mode being useful for examining large grain size materials.

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