Instructional System Development (ISD) in the Armed Services: Methodology and Application

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Vineberg ◽  
John N. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Instructional System ◽  
Instructional System Development ◽  
Armed Services

SAT Revisited — A Critical Post-Examination of the Systems Approach to Training

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-273
Author(s):  
Robert C. Sugarman ◽  
Steven L. Johnson ◽  
William M. Hinton ◽  
Chester C. Buckenmaier
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
System Development ◽  
Instructional System ◽  
Society Meeting ◽  
System A ◽  
Instructional System Development ◽  
The Media ◽  
Training Community

A unique application of the Systems Approach to Training (SAT) was carried out for the design of the B-1 aircrew instructional system. A preliminary report was presented at the 1975 Human Factors Society Meeting by Johnson, et aI, (1974) and Sugarman, et aI, (1974). Based on the additional experience, this presentation will share with the training community a look at some of the strengths and weaknesses of the SAT process. The particular application provided a harsh test of the process since the B-1 air vehicle is still in the developmental stages. This resulted in many opportunities to be faced with missing or incomplete data whose criticality to the analysis became more than apparent. The genral state-of-knowledge within Instructional System Development (ISD) itself is incomplete, which also became apparent when applying a highly structured (i.e., internally consistent and documented) SAT process. The major strength of the SAT process is the capability it provides for the justification of many decisions that were hitherto prone to hand-waving. This particular strength comes from the internal documentation for each decision process which is an important feature of SAT. The adequacy of the assumptions underlying the decision processes then becomes subject to scrutiny. The power of the documentation is enhanced by the use of computer aids in data management and economic analysis which facilitate the documentation. Within the present paper, problem areas which weaken the SAT process are also discussed. These include the data bases for the task analysis and economic/policy data, the media selection process, and the development of instructional strategies.

From Task Analysis to Lesson Plans: An Application of Computer Macros

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Squy G. Wallace ◽  
Paul Sheffield
Keyword(s):  
Task Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Development Process ◽  
System Development ◽  
Instructional System ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Training Development ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Instructional System Development

Application of the Instructional System Development (ISD) model to large scale training development projects has frequently been criticized for failing to develop and deliver training materials in a timely manner. This article discusses the advantage of using a computer-generated graphic portrayal of task analysis data and the use of computer macros to streamline the training development process.

Instructional System Design for Aircrew Training

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Johnson ◽  
Chester C. Buckenmaier ◽  
Robert C. Sugarman
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
System Development ◽  
Instructional System ◽  
Instructional System Design ◽  
Electronic Warfare ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Instructional System Development ◽  
Air Vehicle

The use of a systems approach in the development of training programs is a relatively new innovation. This paper describes the methodology and output of the Instructional System Development (ISD) for the four crewmembers of the B-1 air vehicle. One of the most important attributes of the ISD approach is that only performance requirements necessary for completion of the mission are of importance. From the ensemble of these performance requirements and the entering skills and knowledges, the training objectives are identified. Subsequent to the determining of the skills and knowledges for which training is necessary, the objectives (criteria) that the student must meet and the conditions under which they will be accomplished, are specified. Tests are developed to measure the trainee's accomplishment of these criterion objectives. The methods and media considered for the instructional system are quite diverse. The simulation technology of importance to the B-1 training program includes not only complex flight and procedural trainers, but also electronic warfare simulators. The end product of the ISD effort is an efficient training program that is mission oriented rather than training for training's sake.

A Systems Approach to Curriculum Definition for Craft/Clerical and Management Training

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Richard A. Kulp ◽  
Carl E. Childs ◽  
Sanford P. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
System Development ◽  
Instructional System ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Traditional Curriculum ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Instructional System Development ◽  
Development Approach

A need was identified to define a curriculum for Bell System management, technical, craft, and clerical personnel in the Network Operations Division. Traditional curriculum development efforts are geared to educational needs and philosophies rather than to providing a framework for training personnel to perform defined jobs. Instructional System Development (ISD) approaches are directed to developing training which satisfies job performance requirements. However, since they focus on producing courses, they usually provide less information about functional requirements and more information about detailed job requirements than is needed to build a curriculum. A modified systems/task analysis curriculum development approach which is more efficient than the ISD process is presented. The curriculum requirements, developmental methodology, and preliminary outcomes of the effort are discussed.

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