Structural Determination of A Transcribing RNA Polymerase II Complex

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Averall Gnatt
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Structural Determination

Structural Biology of RNA Polymerase II Transcription: 20 Years On

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Osman ◽  
Patrick Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Cellular Regulation ◽  
Pol Ii ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii Transcription

Gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the first step in the expression of the eukaryotic genome and a focal point for cellular regulation during development, differentiation, and responses to the environment. Two decades after the determination of the structure of Pol II, the mechanisms of transcription have been elucidated with studies of Pol II complexes with nucleic acids and associated proteins. Here we provide an overview of the nearly 200 available Pol II complex structures and summarize how these structures have elucidated promoter-dependent transcription initiation, promoter-proximal pausing and release of Pol II into active elongation, and the mechanisms that Pol II uses to navigate obstacles such as nucleosomes and DNA lesions. We predict that future studies will focus on how Pol II transcription is interconnected with chromatin transitions, RNA processing, and DNA repair.

Out or decay: fate determination of nuclear RNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianshu Wang ◽  
Hong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Fate Determination ◽  
Biological Relevance ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Nuclear Degradation ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Mammalian System

Abstract In eukaryotes, RNAs newly synthesized by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) undergo several processing steps prior to transport to the cytoplasm. It has long been known that RNAs with defects in processing or export are removed in the nucleus. Recent studies revealed that RNAs without apparent defects are also subjected to nuclear degradation, indicating that nuclear RNA fate is determined in a more complex and dynamic way than previously thought. Nuclear RNA sorting directly determines the quality and quantity of RNA pools for future translation and thus is of significant importance. In this essay, we will summarize recent studies on this topic, mainly focusing on findings in mammalian system, and discuss about important remaining questions and possible biological relevance for nuclear RNA fate determination.

scholarly journals Bayesian weighing of electron cryo-microscopy data for integrative structural modeling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Bonomi ◽  
Samuel Hanot ◽  
Charles H. Greenberg ◽  
Andrej Sali ◽  
Michael Nilges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Scoring Function ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Macromolecular System ◽  
Microscopy Data

SummaryCryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a mainstream technique for determining the structures of complex biological systems. However, accurate integrative structural modeling has been hampered by the challenges in objectively weighing cryo-EM data against other sources of information due to the presence of random and systematic errors, as well as correlations, in the data. To address these challenges, we introduce a Bayesian scoring function that efficiently and accurately ranks alternative structural models of a macromolecular system based on their consistency with a cryo-EM density map and other experimental and prior information. The accuracy of this approach is benchmarked using complexes of known structure and illustrated in three applications: the structural determination of the GroEL/GroES, RNA polymerase II, and exosome complexes. The approach is implemented in the open-source Integrative Modeling Platform (http://integrativemodeling.org), thus enabling integrative structure determination by combining cryo-EM data with other sources of information.HighlightsWe present a modeling approach to integrate cryo-EM data with other sources of informationWe benchmark our approach using synthetic data on 21 complexes of known structureWe apply our approach to the GroEL/GroES, RNA polymerase II, and exosome complexes

scholarly journals Determination of mRNA fate by different RNA polymerase II promoters.

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (21) ◽  
pp. 10091-10095 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Enssle ◽  
W. Kugler ◽  
M. W. Hentze ◽  
A. E. Kulozik
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Mrna Fate

scholarly journals Dual requirement for the yeast MMS19 gene in DNA repair and RNA polymerase II transcription.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 6783-6793 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lauder ◽  
M Bankmann ◽  
S N Guzder ◽  
P Sung ◽  
L Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Pol Ii ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Nucleotide Excision ◽  
Damaged Dna

Genetic and biochemical studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have indicated the involvement of a large number of protein factors in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of UV-damaged DNA. However, how MMS19 affects this process has remained unclear. Here, we report on the isolation of the MMS19 gene and the determination of its role in NER and other cellular processes. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that besides its function in NER, MMS19 also affects RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. mms19delta cells do not grow at 37 degrees C, and mutant extract exhibits a thermolabile defect in Pol II transcription. Thus, Mms19 protein resembles TFIIH in that it is required for both transcription and DNA repair. However, addition of purified Mms19 protein does not alleviate the transcriptional defect of the mms19delta extract, nor does it stimulate the incision of UV-damaged DNA reconstituted from purified proteins. Interestingly, addition of purified TFIIH corrects the transcriptional defect of the mms19delta extract. Mms19 is, however, not a component of TFIIH or of Pol II holoenzyme. These and other results suggest that Mms19 affects NER and transcription by influencing the activity of TFIIH as an upstream regulatory element. It is proposed that mutations in the human MMS19 counterpart could result in syndromes in which both NER and transcription are affected.

scholarly journals Determination of lysine residues affinity labeled in the active site of yeast RNA polymerase II(B) by mutagenesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4721-4725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Treich ◽  
Christophe Carles ◽  
André Sentenac ◽  
Michel Riva
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Lysine Residues

scholarly journals Cloning and sequence determination of theSchizosaccharomyces pombe rpb1gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinao Azuma ◽  
Masahiro Yamagishi ◽  
Rei Ueshima ◽  
Akira Ishihama
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Sequence Determination

Nutrient-regulated gene expression in eukaryotes

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Reece ◽  
Laila Beynon ◽  
Stacey Holden ◽  
Amanda D. Hughes ◽  
Karine Rébora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
A Cell ◽  
One Step ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

The recognition of changes in environmental conditions, and the ability to adapt to these changes, is essential for the viability of cells. There are numerous well characterized systems by which the presence or absence of an individual metabolite may be recognized by a cell. However, the recognition of a metabolite is just one step in a process that often results in changes in the expression of whole sets of genes required to respond to that metabolite. In higher eukaryotes, the signalling pathway between metabolite recognition and transcriptional control can be complex. Recent evidence from the relatively simple eukaryote yeast suggests that complex signalling pathways may be circumvented through the direct interaction between individual metabolites and regulators of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Biochemical and structural analyses are beginning to unravel these elegant genetic control elements.

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