Head, Face, and Neck Injuries During Operation Iraqi Freedom II: Results From the US Navy and Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry

Author(s):  
Amber L. Wade ◽  
Judy L. Dye ◽  
Charlene R. Mohrle ◽  
Michael R. Galarneau
Author(s):  
Michael R. Galameau ◽  
◽  
William C. Hancock ◽  
Paula Konoske ◽  
Ted Melcer ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Galarneau ◽  
Susan I. Woodruff ◽  
Judy L. Dye ◽  
Charlene R. Mohrle ◽  
Amber L. Wade

Object The purpose of this study was to characterize traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) among military personnel (primarily Marines) during the second phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom from early in the medical care chain of evacuation through Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, a Level 4 American hospital in Germany. Methods Data were obtained from the Navy–Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry (CTR) and included both battle and nonbattle injuries. Follow-up of patients with TBI was conducted to examine the short-term medical and personnel-related effects of TBI among those surviving. Results Those injured in battle were more likely than those not injured in battle to have multiple TBI diagnoses, a greater number of all diagnoses, more severe TBIs, and to be medically evacuated. Intracranial injuries (for example, concussions) were the predominant type of TBI, although skull fractures and open head wounds were also seen. Improvised explosive devices were the most common cause of TBIs among battle injuries; blunt trauma and motor vehicle crashes were the most common causes among nonbattle injuries. Short-term follow-up of surviving patients with TBI indicated higher morbidity and medical utilization among the patients with more severe TBI, although mental conditions were higher among patients with milder TBI. Conclusions Data from the Navy–Marine Corps CTR provide useful information about combatants' TBIs identified early in the combat casualty process. Results may improve clinical care for those affected and suggest strategies for primary prevention. The CTR staff plans to conduct additional follow-up studies of this group of patients with TBI.


2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell W. Chambers ◽  
D J. Green ◽  
Bruce L. Gillingham ◽  
Kenneth Sample ◽  
Peter Rhee ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
John W. Young ◽  
John Kent

This chapter focuses on the Iraq war of 2003–11 and the troubles in the Middle East. George W. Bush’s advisers, led by Dick Cheney and Don Rumsfeld, had been considering an attack on Iraq well before 9/11. At the same time, many experts within the government pointed to the lack of any evidence for Iraqi-sponsored terrorism directed against the United States. The threats to US national security were outlined to Bush in a briefing just prior to his inauguration; these threats came primarily from al-Qaeda’s terrorism and the proliferation of nuclear arms and other weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). The chapter first considers the US decision to invade Iraq, before discussing the war, taking into account the US’s Operation Iraqi Freedom and the war’s costs to the US and to Iraq. It also examines the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and concludes with an assessment of the ‘Arab Spring’.


2008 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Zouris ◽  
Amber L. Wade ◽  
Cheryl P. Magno

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