Cognitive functions in first degree normative relative of patients with schozophrenia

Background: Schizophrenia is severe disorders and imposes a considerable burden on patients, their families and society. Schizophrenia tends to run in family, like most mental disorder shows complex inheritance. Therefore, it is important to increase our knowledge about the disorder. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the core features of Schizophrenia. This study aims to compare the cognitive function of first degree unaffected relative of patient of schizophrenia and a group of healthy control.Methods: The study include 48 first degree normative relative of patient with Schizophrenia and 48 controls. Compared for age, sex, education level. Cognitive functions of each case and control were assessed using TMT (Trail making Test), Paced auditory serial addition Test (PASAT) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST-64).Results: First degree relative performed significantly poorly as compared to controls on Wisconsin card sorting Test-64 (WCST-64). No significant difference was observed in tests performances between first degree relative of Schizophrenia and control group for TMT (trail making test) and Paced auditory serial addition Test (PASAT).Conclusions: The study shows possibility of cognitive impairment in first degree normative relative of Schizophrenia with regards to parameters like poor performance in shifting cognitive sets and poor understanding of test. Nevertheless, it is not clear weather this finding is an enduring trait mark or finding that fluctuates with sample size, nature of case and control.

Download Full-text

Detecção de simulação com o uso do wisconsin card sorting test e do trail making test

Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa ◽

10.1590/s0102-37722013000100003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Hugo Sousa ◽

Manuel Machado ◽

Jorge Quintas

Keyword(s):

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Trail Making ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Sorting Test

Neste trabalho, tentamos identificar índices de simulação na avaliação neuropsicológica forense, através da avaliação dos padrões de resposta em provas neuropsicológicas. A amostra foi constituída por 56 sujeitos com traumatismo crânioencefálico. Todos se encontravam numa situação de possível recompensa monetária por incapacidade. Utilizamos os instrumentos Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos (BSI), e a grelha de análise dos autos do processo. Cerca de 30% da amostra enquadrou-se no grupo de prováveis simuladores. Essa porcentagem é congruente com a literatura. Verificou-se uma grande homogeneidade entre os indivíduos com e sem indicadores de simulação, a nível sintomatológico e características sócio-demográficas, o que reforça a necessidade de desenvolvimento de métodos eficazes na detecção da simulação.

Download Full-text

Differential executive functioning in the topology of Spirit possession or dissociative disorders: an explorative cultural study

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-019-2358-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samir Al-Adawi ◽

Yahya Al-Kalbani ◽

Sathiya Murthi Panchatcharam ◽

Matlooba Ayoub Al-Zadjali ◽

Sara S. Al-Adawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Functioning ◽

Spirit Possession ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Perseverative Error ◽

History Of ◽

Trail Making ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Sorting Test

Abstract Background In Oman, anecdotal and impressionistic observation have helped parse and categorize various manifestations of spirit possession into two broad and distinct categories: intermittent dissociative phenomenon and transitory dissociative phenomenon. The primary aim of the present study was to compare the performance of participants on neuropsychological tests among different grades of possession. Other correlates were also sought. Methods Assessment criteria for the two groups included measures examining executive functioning: controlled oral word association test Verbal Fluency, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Perseverative error and the number of categories achieved), Trail Making Test and the Tower of London Test (number of correctly solved problems). Sociodemographic variables and the history of trauma were also sought. Result Among 84 participants, one third of them presented the intermittent possession type and two thirds, the transitory possession type. Their mean age was 34.17 ± 11.82 and 56% of them were female. Nearly 35% of them endorsed a history of a traumatic experience. Both the multivariate models showed statistical significance (F (5, 78) = 5.57, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.22), F (5, 78) = 11.38, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.39) with an independent predictor of intermittent dissociative phenomenon (β = − 3.408, p < 0.001), (β = 63.88, p < 0.001) for Verbal Fluency and Trail Making Test, respectively. The history of the traumatic event was also statistically significant with the results of the Trail Making Test (β = − 26.01, p < 0.041. Furthermore, the subtype of Pathogenic Possession turned out to be an independent predictor across all models: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test perseverative error, Wisconsin card sorting test categories achieved and the number of problems solved in the Tower of London Test (OR = 3.70, 95% C.I. 2.97–4.61; p < 0.001), (OR = 0.57, 95% C.I.0.39–0.84; p = 0.004) and (OR = 0.80, 95% C.I. 0.65–0.99; p < 0.037) respectively. Conclusions This study suggests that typology of spirit possession found in Oman tends to differ on indices of executive function. Those with ‘diagnosis’ of intermittent possession showed impairment in many indices of executive functioning. Despite its wide prevalence, spirit possession has not been examined in terms of its neuropsychological functioning. We believe that this study will be instrumental in laying the groundwork for a more robust methodology.

Download Full-text

Análisis comparativo de las características neuropsicológicas de pacientes con demencia fronto-temporal, variante conductual y enfermedad de Alzheimer.

Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.20453/rnp.v75i4.1216 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 120-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. Custodio ◽

P. Cortijo ◽

S. Castro ◽

E. Herrera-Pérez ◽

J. Linares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Trail Making ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Sorting Test ◽

Los Grupos

Objetivo: Describir las características neuropsicológicas de pacientes con demencia frontotemporal varianteconductual (DFTvc) y compararlas con las de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Pacientes y métodos:Se evaluó una muestra de 60 controles sanos, 60 pacientes con EA y 32 pacientes con DFTvc, empleando una bateríaneuropsicológica clásica. Resultados: Los pacientes con DFTvc tienen peor rendimiento que pacientes con EA enalgunos parámetros de atención y funciones ejecutivas (FE) y menor compromiso de la memoria. La evaluaciónde atención muestra diferencia altamente significativa en el rendimiento del Trail Making Test (TMT)-A entre EAy DFTvc (t28=-2,18, p<0,001). De la misma manera, en la evaluación de FE, sólo el TMT-B (t31= -6,8, p<0,001) ylas respuestas perseverativas en el Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) (U = 30,5, p<0,001) alcanzaron diferenciaestadísticamente significativa entre los grupos EA y DFTvc. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con DFTvc en estadiosleve a moderado presentan una relativa menor afectación de memoria, lenguaje y habilidades viso-constructivas/viso-espaciales, pero con un marcado deterioro de atención y FE.

Download Full-text

Relações entre controle executivo e memória episódica verbal no comprometimento cognitivo leve e na demência tipo Alzheimer

Estudos de Psicologia (Natal) ◽

10.1590/s1413-294x2005000100008 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 63-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Amer Cavalheiro Hamdan ◽

Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno

Keyword(s):

Random Number ◽

Random Number Generation ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Reading Span ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Span Test ◽

Trail Making ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Sorting Test

Este estudo comparou e relacionou o desempenho de idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve e Demência Tipo Alzheimer em testes de controle executivo e de memória episódica verbal. Para a avaliação da memória episódica verbal utilizamos a Tarefa de Recordação de Palavras Imediata e a Tarefa de Recordação de Palavras com Intervalo. Na avaliação do controle executivo foram utilizados, os seguintes testes: Random Number Generation, Trail Making Test, Fluência Verbal semântica e fonológica, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Reading Span Test e Brow-Peterson Test. Treze idosos do grupo controle foram equiparados quanto à idade e escolaridade com nove idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve e oito idosos com Demência Tipo Alzheimer. Foram encontradas diferenças e associações estatisticamente significantes em relação aos testes de controle executivo entre os grupos investigados. Apesar da presença de associações significativas entre a memória episódica verbal e o controle executivo, não foram evidenciados déficits do controle executivo nos idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve.

Download Full-text

Cognitive Inflexibility and Pre-frontal Dysfunction in Schizophrenia and Mania

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.157.1.50 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 157 (1) ◽

pp. 50-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 178

Author(s):

Rodney Morice

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Frontal Dysfunction ◽

Cognitive Inflexibility ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Sorting Test ◽

And Control

The ability to shift cognitive set, which is probably subserved, at least in part, by the pre-frontal cortex, was determined for schizophrenic, bipolar (manic) and control subjects, using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The schizophrenic and manic subjects both demonstrated poor performance on the WCST, suggesting that cognitive inflexibility and/or pre-frontal dysfunction, is not specific to schizophrenia (although laterality differences could exist). Moderate levels of poor performance in the non-psychiatric control group suggest the need for a review of the cut-off figures in the WCST currently used for predicting ‘brain damage’ and ‘focal frontal involvement‘, especially given the trend for the increasing use of cognitive assessment and rehabilitation in the major psychoses.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder in remission

Middle East Current Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s43045-021-00149-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Ali ◽

Magda Fahmy ◽

Wafaa Haggag ◽

Ashraf El-Tantawy ◽

Haydy Hassan

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Control Groups ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Sorting Test ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Cognitive symptoms are one of the core symptoms of depressive disorders with a bearing effect on functional outcomes. Cognitive symptoms, including poor concentration and difficulty making decisions, are one of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. This study was designed to evaluate cognitive deficits in a sample of adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in remission. A cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of MDD in remission state. In addition, 60 normal subjects with matched age, sex, and educational level were compared with the patients group. Participants in both patients and control groups were subjected to clinical assessment using Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview plus (MINI-plus), assessment of cognitive functions using Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) short form, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results There were statistically significant differences between patients and control groups regarding cognitive function. The patients group scored less in visual memory, verbal memory, attention/concentration, and psychomotor speed. They also performed poorly regarding executive functions. But there was no statistically significant difference between the patients and control groups regarding sustained attention and visuospatial function. No significant correlations did exist between age at onset of MDD and the duration of illness with different domains of cognitive function except for figural memory of WMS-R and categories completed of Wisconsin card sorting test. Conclusion Patients with MDD in remission experienced deficits in several cognitive functions when compared to matched control subjects. The cognitive functions do not reach normal levels of performance, particularly in visual memory and executive functioning with remission of depressive symptoms.

Download Full-text

A comparison of clustering solutions for cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617798003531 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 353-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

GERALD GOLDSTEIN ◽

DANIEL N. ALLEN ◽

BRENT E. SEATON

Keyword(s):

Significant Degree ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Trail Making ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Cognitive Heterogeneity ◽

Cluster Analytic ◽

Degree Of Association ◽

Sorting Test

A cluster analytic solution based upon a battery of tests consisting of the Halstead Category and Tactual Performance Tests, the Trail Making Test, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was compared with a solution based on the subtests of the Wechsler intelligence scales, utilizing a sample of 221 schizophrenic patients. Both analyses permitted four-cluster solutions, and we found a weak but significant degree of association between solutions. Examination of external validity of the two solutions revealed stronger associations with clinical variables for the Wechsler-scale-based solution. The major conclusions were that the existence of cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia exists across a broad range of abilities, and appears to reflect a combination of continuity of ability level and existence of possible subtypes requiring further neuropsychological and neurobiological verification. (JINS, 1998, 4, 353–362.)

Download Full-text

Verbal fluency, Trail Making, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance following right frontal lobe tumor resection

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology ◽

10.1080/13803390601161166 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 18-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Patrick S. R. Davidson ◽

Fu Qiang Gao ◽

Warren P. Mason ◽

Gordon Winocur ◽

Nicole D. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Frontal Lobe ◽

Test Performance ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Trail Making ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Sorting Test

Download Full-text

Avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas de mulheres em estado de dependência química

ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION ◽

10.21270/archi.v5i1.1296 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edilson Ramiro Freitas ◽

Rui Mateus Joaquim ◽

Maria de Lourdes Merighi Tabaquim ◽

Ana Paula Camargo

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Trail Making ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽

Sorting Test

Introdução: O funcionamento executivo preservado para a manutenção de comportamentos adaptativos é condição necessária para obtenção de desfechos clínicos favoráveis no tratamento de sujeitos em dependência química. A confirmação da hipótese de disfunção executiva pode fornecer subsídios ao tratamento comportamental, do sujeito com dependência química. Objetivo: O estudo consistiu na realização de uma avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas de mulheres dependentes químicas de cocaína ou crack. Método: A avaliação se deu através de anamnese/exame clínico, entrevistas e testes neuropsicológicos. Para a caracterização da amostra foi utilizado o Protocolo de Anamnese Neuropsicológica. A avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas consistiu da aplicação do Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Subteste Dígitos - Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), Blocos de Corsi, Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Test e o Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a fim de investigar oito componentes executivos, a saber: memória operacional, flexibilidade cognitiva, categorização, fluência verbal, atenção seletiva e alternada, rastreamento visuomotor e controle inibitório. Resultados: Os resultados permitiram concluir que mulheres com dependência química, pelo uso de cocaína e crack,apresentam disfunção executiva. Foram encontradas relações clinicamente significativas entre tempo de uso e déficits do funcionamento executivo, indicando que quanto maior o tempo de dependência, mais expressiva a disfunção executiva.Descritores: Função Executiva; Neuropsicologia; Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias.

Download Full-text