scholarly journals Genetics of Semideterminate Growth Habit in Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1074-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Elkind ◽  
Arie Gurnick ◽  
Nachum Kedar
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Gene Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tomato Line

The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic control of the semideterminate growth habit in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). A semideterminate tomato line was crossed with determinate and indeterminate lines; their F1, F2, and backcrosses were grown; and the growth habit recorded and analyzed. Plants with six or more inflorescences on the main stem were defined as semideterminate, while those with fewer were defined as determinate. The F2 and backcross to determinate were bimodal, indicating a single recessive gene for semideterminate, which was denoted as sdt. The goodness-of-fit chi square for a single recessive gene model was 88% and 69% for F2 and backcross generations, respectively. In the cross between semideterminate and indeterminate types, the results indicated control by two genes, sp and sdt, with the sp+ indeterminate type epistatic over semideterminate. The goodness-of-fit to this model was 70% and 82% for F2 and backcross generations, respectively.

The ffs Allele Conditions Flower Stem Fasciation in Red Beet

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 527f-528
Author(s):  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Recessive Character ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Flower Stem

A fasciated flower stem character arose spontaneously during development of the red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) inbred line W411. The fasciated character is manifest by a flattened flower stem with petioles coalesced into a twisted, ribbonlike appearance. No fasciation is present in the vegetative stem or petioles. An inheritance study was conducted to determine the genetic control of flower stem fasciation. The inbred line W411 was used both as a male and female parent in crosses with four red beet inbred lines. Segregating progenies in both the BC1 and F2 generations were developed and scored for the fasciated flower stem character. Variable expression of the fasciated flower stem phenotype was observed in these progenies; however, the presence of flattened flower stems at the stem/hypocotyl junction was unequivocal. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests in both the BC1 and F2 generations did not deviate significantly from expected ratios for a monogenic recessive character for each genetic background. No reciprocal differences were detected for any cross in this group of four inbred lines, which suggests the lack of maternal effect for the fasciated character. The symbol ffs is proposed to describe the genetic control of the fasciated flower stem phenotype.

scholarly journals 519 PB 477 INHERITANCE OF CONTORTED GROWTH HABIT IN HAZELNUT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 505g-505
Author(s):  
Shawn A. Mehlenbacher ◽  
David C Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Ornamental Tree

The contorted hazel, Corylus avellana `Contorta', is an ornamental tree prized for its grotesquely twisted trunk and branches. `Contorta' was discovered in a hedgerow in England about 1863 and has been commercially propagated by layerage or graftage because it was thought to not breed true from seed. We investigated the inheritance of contorted growth habit in the course of our work breeding hazelnuts. Crosses between normal growth habit cultivars and `Contorta' produce all normal seedlings. Sib matings of compatible normal seedlings of `Contorta' produce offspring in the proportion of 3 normal: 1 contorted. The backcross of a normal `Contorta' seedling to `Contorta' gives progeny in the ratio of 1 normal: 1 contorted, indicating control of the trait by a single recessive gene.

Genetic control of a slow-ripening fruit trait in nectarine

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Ramming
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Peach Breeding

Inheritance of a slow-ripening trait was investigated in segregating progenies of nectarine (Prunus Persica (L.), Batsch var. nucipersica Schneid). Segregation ratios suggest that the trait is controlled by a single recessive gene, for which the symbol sr is proposed. Fantasia, Flamekist, and Fairlane nectarines are heterozygous at the sr locus. Key words: Peach, breeding, postharvest, genetics, stone fruit

scholarly journals Inheritance and Characteristics of a New Dwarf and Seedless Mutant in Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 774A-774
Author(s):  
Yun-Chan Huh ◽  
Seung-Ryong Cheong ◽  
Jung-Myung Lee*
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Backcross Generation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fertile Pollen ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit

Common watermelons have an indeterminate growth habit with normal internode length, thus allowing the vine to grow indefinitely under the normal conditions. Watermelon breeders have identified four dwarf genes (dw-1, dw-1s, dw-2, dw-3) and used these for developing dwarf watermelon cultivars. We discovered a naturally occurring new dwarf and seedless mutant (NDSM) from a landrace cv. Mudungsan that had been cultivated in the Mountain Mudung area nearby Gwangju City in Korea. The progenies of this mutant segregated in a ratio of 3 vine to 1 dwarf indicating a single recessive gene nature. Morphological characteristics of the NDSM were markedly different from those of the four known dwarf genotypes. NDSM plants grow shorter than 1 m in length with fan-shaped leaves and have fewer leaf lobes than normal plants, which could be clearly distinguished at 2 or 3 true leaf stage. Male and female flowers have just one petal and failed to open completely even at the anthesis. Even though there were some fertile pollen grains, the fruits of NDSM had no seed after fertilization. The F2 progenies, obtained from crossing `920533' (normal vine type) and NDSM, segregated in a ratio of 3 vine to 1 dwarf. All F1 plants from crosses between 2 dwarf types, `Sugar Bush' (dw-1dw-1) and `NH 9' (dw-2dw-2), and NDSM were normal, while F2 showed 9 vines, 3 dw-1 or dw-2 types, 3 NDSM types, and 1 double dwarf. The backcross generation segregated in a ratio of 1 vine to 1 dwarf. These results indicate that the genes for the NDSM and 2 dwarf types are non-allelic. We named this new dwarf genotype (NDSM) as dw-4 in addition to four dwarf genes previously identified.

scholarly journals Pewarisan Karakter Kualitatif Cabai Hias Hasil Persilangan Cabai Besar dan Cabai Rawit

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Siti Hapshoh ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Yudiwanti Wahyu ◽  
Dan Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Qualitative Characters

ABSTRACT<br /><br />The fruit of ornamental chili functioned as ornamental as well as for consumption, and therefore it requires diversity of traits for selection process. Information on inheritance pattern of the traits are needed for effective selection. The ideotype of ornamental chili are shortened internode that form a bouquet of flowers, erect fruit orientation and contain anthocyanins for attractive appearance. The research was aimed to study qualitative characters inheritance associated with shortened internode, fruit orientation and anthocyanins content. This study used 6 population including female parent (P1) which has anthocyanin in flower parts, the male parent (P2) bird pepper which has the character of a shortened internode, F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, and F2. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test to determine the Mendelian ratio in the F2 population. The results showed that there were characters that was controlled by one gene or two genes. Shortened internode and erect fruit orientation were controlled by a single recessive gene with a ratio of 1:3. On the other hand the color of anthocyanin in the anther stem was controlled by one dominant gene with a ratio of 3:1. The characters controlled by two genes that were dominant and recessive epistasis was the color of anthocyanins in the anther with the ratio 13:3.<br /><br />Keywords: Mendelian ratio, antosianin, shortened internode <br /><br />

scholarly journals Cross-sensitivity in Sweet Corn to Nicosulfuron and Mesotrione Applied Postemergence

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1801-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Williams ◽  
Jerald K. Pataky ◽  
Jonathan N. Nordby ◽  
Dean E. Riechers ◽  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sensitivity ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Gene Segregation

Nicosulfuron and mesotrione are herbicides from different chemical families with different modes of action. An association between the sensitivity of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) to nicosulfuron and mesotrione was observed when hybrids, inbreds, and S1 families (S2 plants) were evaluated for herbicide sensitivity in field trials. In 2003 and 2004, 50% and 53% of mesotrione-sensitive hybrids were sensitive to nicosulfuron compared with only 6% and 1% of mesotrione-tolerant hybrids that were sensitive to nicosulfuron. In trials with inbreds in 2003 and 2004, 88% and 78% of nicosulfuron-sensitive inbreds had some injury from mesotrione but 0% and 5% of nicosulfuron-tolerant inbreds were injured by mesotrione. Among S1 families, 77% of the mesotrione-sensitive families were nicosulfuron-sensitive but only 5% of the mesotrione-tolerant families were sensitive to nicosulfuron. Segregation of S1 families for response to mesotrione was not significantly different from a 1:2:1 pattern of sensitive: segregating: tolerant families (chi square value = 2.25, P = 0.324) which would be expected if sensitivity was conditioned by a single recessive gene. Segregation of S1 families for response to nicosulfuron was 15:23:26 (sensitive: segregating: tolerant) which was slightly different from an expected 1:2:1 ratio (chi square value = 8.84, P = 0.012). Segregation of S1 families probably was affected by the relatively small number of S2 plants sampled from each family. Similar responses of the S1 families to nicosulfuron and mesotrione lead us to hypothesize that the same recessive gene is conditioning sensitivity to both herbicides. Possibly, this gene is common in the inbreds and hybrids that were sensitive in these trials. These hypotheses will be tested by examining segregation in S2 families and other segregating generations and by conducting tests of allelism among sensitive inbreds and inbred parents of sensitive hybrids. Chemical names: 2-(4-mesyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-enone, (mesotrione); 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide, (nicosulfuron).

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of the Fused Vein Trait in Cucurbita pepo L.

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Carle ◽  
J. Brent Loy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Gene Model ◽  
Leaf Type ◽  
Leaf Stage

The expression and inheritance of the fused vein trait in Cucurbita pepo were investigated. The fused vein inbred, NH2405, was crossed to normal lines, NH614, and NHBP10. Reciprocal F1, F2, F3 and BC populations were generated and examined for leaf type segregation in field and greenhouse environments. Although the fused vein phenotype is stable in NH2405, it exhibited a continuum of expression in segregating populations. The onset of vein fusion ranged from the fourth to the tenth leaf stage and degree of fusion varied from slight (1-5 cm) to extreme (10-20 cm). Inheritance ratios varied with population, conditions of production, and direction of cross. Most segregating populations fit either a single or double recessive gene model, however, a quarter of the populations showed no or low fused vein recovery. A feasible explanation for the distorted inheritance is that the fused vein trait is a gametophytic subvital, governed by a single recessive gene, fv. Although less likely, a double recessive, subvital model cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals Genetics of Orange, Red and Yellow Root Colours in Tropical Carrots (Dacus Carota L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raman Selvakumar ◽  
Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda ◽  
Pritam Kalia
Keyword(s):  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Colour Inheritance ◽  
Root Epidermis ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dominant Genes

Abstract The research was carried out to study the colour inheritance genetics of the root epidermis, core (phloem) and cortex (xylem), from the parental crosses of the varieties Pusa Meghali (Orange), Pusa Rudhira (Red) and Pusa Kulfi (Yellow). Resultant in crosses yielded uniform mixed colours in F1 (first filial generation), thus could enhance the security of human nutrition through the mixture of carotenoids and anthocyanins in the F1. The F1s were advance to produce F2 and backcross (BCP1 and BCP2) generations, and the Chi-square test ratio (χ2) showed that the root colour of the orange epidermis and cortex (xylem) was dominant over the red and yellow colours, and regulated by dominant genes Oe and Ocx from the parent Pusa Meghali. While, the root colour of the orange core (phloem) was found to be recessive to the red (Rc) from Pusa Rudhira and yellow (Yc) colour from Pusa Kulfi, and to be regulated by a single recessive gene (oc) from the parent Pusa Meghali. These finding of genetic inheritance of colours would be useful in the development of bio-fortified F1 hybrids and varieties which are rich in flavonoids.

Prediction of Haemoglobin Level by Some Probability Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Dhungana ◽  
Laxmi Prasad Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Best Fit

 Hemoglobin level is a continuous variable. So, it follows some theoretical probability distribution Normal, Log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distribution having two parameters. There is low variation in observed and expected frequency of Normal distribution in bar diagram. Similarly, calculated value of chi-square test (goodness of fit) is observed which is lower in Normal distribution. Furthermore, plot of PDFof Normal distribution covers larger area of histogram than all of other distribution. Hence Normal distribution is the best fit to predict the hemoglobin level in future.

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