scholarly journals 817 PB 234 EFFECTS OF SOIL AMENDMENT AND MULCHING WITH FRESH AND AGED OAK SAWDUST ON FORSYTHIA GROWTH AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 550d-550
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Starbuck
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

A 7.5 cm layer (.1 m3) of fresh or 8-year-old oak sawdust was applied to 1.7 m2 plots as a mulch or tilled in to a depth of 10 cm. Saw dust-treated and control plots received 0.45 or 227 g of nitrogen applied as ammonium nitrate. Five one-year-old `Lynwood Gold' forsythia plants were planted in each of the 90 plots in the experiment in September 1992 and were pruned in March 1993 to 20 cm above the soil surface. Plant height, soil pH and levels of Na, organic matter, P, K Ca, Mg, NO3 and NH3 in the soil were determined following the 1993 growing season. Fresh and aged saw dust reduced plant growth by 40 and 31% respectively when incorporated without supplemental nitrogen. Adding the high rate of nitrogen overcame the inhibition caused by aged but not fresh sawdust. Both materials significantly reduced soil nitrate content even when used as a mulch and reduced phosphorus when incorporated. Organic matter content of sawdust-amended plots averaged over twice that of control plots. Neither material had a significant influence on pH as determined one year after incorporation.

scholarly journals Biofiltration of Methane Fugitive Emissions from Landfills Using Scum from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (Wwtp) as Alternative Substrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldir Nagel Schirmer ◽  
Erivelton César Stroparo ◽  
Marlon André Capanema ◽  
Douglas Luiz Mazur ◽  
José Fernando Thomé Jucá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
And Control

Abstract Biofilters have been recognized as key technology in the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted by landfills. This study aimed to evaluate the methane (an important GHG) oxidation efficiencies of two experimental biofilters at the municipal landfill of Guarapuava (Brazil) under normal conditions (control column), just using landfill cover soil with low organic matter content, and improved, exploiting dried scum from municipal wastewater treatment plant (SWWTP) mixed with the cover soil (enriched column, with a high organic matter content). The influence of parameters such as the methane inlet loading rates (22 and 44 gCH4.m− 2.d− 1), temperatures, methane concentration in the raw biogas, carbon/nitrogen ratio and moisture content of the packing materials on the oxidation of methane was also evaluated during 25 campaigns. The campaigns with the lowest methane loading rates applied to the biofilters showed the best methane oxidation efficiencies (98.4% and 89.5% in the enriched and control columns, respectively) as compared to campaigns with a higher load (92.6% and 82.6% in the enriched and control columns, respectively). In addition to the loading rates, the methane oxidation efficiencies were highly influenced by the organic matter content and C/N ratio of the packing materials evaluated.

Adsorption and Efficacy of Trifluralin and Butralin as Influenced by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. John Peter ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Adsorption ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies

Significantly higher rates of butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] were required to produce the same level of weed control as trifluralin [2,6-dinitro -N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] when applied to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] on seven different soils in the field. Higher rates of butralin were also required to control barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG] in growth chamber studies. No differences in the extent of soil adsorption of trifluralin and butralin were apparent; therefore, differences in efficacy could not be attributed to differences in soil adsorption. Herbicide rates required for 80% weed control and Freundlich K-values (adsorption capacity indices) were mostly highly correlated with soil organic-matter content and soil surface area as measured by benzyl ethyl ether (BEE) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) on nine soils. Analysis of the organic-matter content of the nine soils by 10 soil testing laboratories resulted in highly significant differences among laboratories.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITRATE AMOUNT IN GROUNDWATER AND NATURAL FACTORS

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Pociene ◽  
Skirmantas Pocius
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Surface Precipitation ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

In Lithuania almost the whole drinking water is derived from groundwater sources. The concept of ground@water vulnerability is based on an assumption that a physical environment may provide some degree of protection to groundwater against human impact.The earth materials may act as natural filters to screen out some contaminants. Groundwater vulnerability depends on the natural characteristics of a site and relates to the pathways and rate of downward movement of pollutants. Pollutant migration through the soil zone depends just on the depth of waterlogging, texture, organic matter content, quantity of precipitation.. Pollutants accumulating in shallow groundwater in the Lithuanian area are, first of all, nitrates and organic matter. Regularities of groundwater chemistry can be determined only after investigation into the processes of their formation. That is why we need to find out the main factors of nitrate concentrations in groundwater. Investigation took place in Karkiškes object of Educational Farm of Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 1997–2002. Also, the data from publications were used. The regime of groundwater level and the quantity of nitrates in it was an object of the investigation. The objective of the thesis is to estimate correlation between nitrate concentrations in groundwater and natural factors, such as textural composition of the soil, the quantity of clay and humus particles in the soil, the depth up to the groundwater level, the depth of a restrictive layer and annual precipitation amount. The correlation analysis was used to determine relationship among these factors. The investigation shows that the concentration of nitrogen in groundwater and nitrate leaching are under the influence of humus and clay particles in the soil. It also shows that, when the content of clay particles in the soil increases, nitrogen leaching decreases. Relationship between nitrate content in groundwater and its level from the soil surface, precipitation amount were identified by the investigation. The obtained relationship is close enough, and the correlation coefficients are high (0,86–0,98).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DITHIOPYR, SEED PLACEMENT. AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT ON GROWTH OF TOLERANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE WEEDS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 587f-587
Author(s):  
Nanik Setyowati ◽  
Leslie A. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Loam Soil

Dithiopyr (Dimension, Monsanto) is a turfgrass herbicide currently under evaluation for use in ornamentals. Granular herbicide depth and seed placement were evaluated in greenhouse studies with tolerant or susceptible weeds. Dithiopyr was applied preemergence to weeds at the rate of 2.24 kg/ha to Maury silt loam soil. Weed seeds were planted routinely at 0.64 cm depth. Dithiopyr placed at the soil surface or 0.64 cm in depth caused the greatest injury to seedlings, followed by dithiopyr at 1.28 cm depth. Dithiopyr at 2.54 and 3.81 cm below the surface had no effect upon seedling growth. When seeding depth was investigated, seed placed at 0.64, 1.28 or 1.91 cm below the surface showed greatest seedling injury when dithiopyr was routinely applied at 0.64 cm depth. Seed placement on the soil surface resulted in the least injury to weeds. Peat moss was added to Maury silt loam soil and to sand to investigate the influence of organic matter upon activity. Soil with 2% peat resulted in the least injury to selected weed seedlings while sand, and sand plus up to 3% peat showed greatest injury. Sand amended with 5 and 6% peat also resulted in less injury to weed seedlings. Ivy leaf morningglory and KY 31 fescue were most tolerant of dithiopyr while barnyardgrass and large crabgrass were most sensitive. Dithiopyr uptake, translocation and metabolism studies will be conducted with susceptible and tolerant weed and woody ornamental species.

scholarly journals Water repellency decreases with increasing carbonate content and pH for different biocrust types on sand dunes

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Sylvie Laureen Drahorad ◽  
Vincent J. M. N. L. Felde ◽  
Ruth H. Ellerbrock ◽  
Anja Henss
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract Biocrusts are biological communities that occupy the soil surface, accumulate organic matter and mineral particles and hence strongly affect the properties of the soils they cover. Moreover, by affecting water repellency, biocrusts may cause a preferential infiltration of rainwater, with a high impact on the formation of local water pathways, especially for sand dunes. The aim of this study is to shed light on the connections between water repellency and pH, carbonate and organic matter content in two dune ecosystems with different biocrust types. For this, we used contact angle measurements, gas volumetric carbonate determination and organic matter characterization via FT-IR and TOF-SIMS. In both ecosystems, moss-dominated biocrusts showed higher water repellency and higher amounts of organic matter compared to algal or cyanobacterial biocrusts. Surprisingly, the biocrusts of the two dune systems did not show differences in organic matter composition or organic coatings of the mineral grains. Biocrusts on the more acidic dunes showed a significantly higher level of water repellency as compared to higher carbonate containing dunes. We conclude that the driving factor for the increase in water repellency between cyanobacterial and moss-dominated biocrusts within one study site is the content of organic matter. However, when comparing the different study sites, we found that higher amounts of carbonate reduced biocrust water repellency.

Fertility changes in soils cultivated for wheat in southern New South Wales.

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Williams ◽  
J Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Cultivated Soils

A study has been made of red-brown earth�s cultivated for wheat on a narrow rotation of fallow-wheat-volunteer pasture in the Ariah Park district of Xew South Wales. Surface soil samples from 55 cropped paddocks currently under fallow and from matched adjoining areas with no history of cultivation were examined in laboratory, pot culture, and field studies. Many of the soils had carried at least 20 crops since being brought under cultivation and had lost an average of 30% of their organic matter during this period. However, only 17% of the organic phosphorus had been mineralized. The mean ratio of carbon : nitrogen : sulphur : organic phosphorus in the uncultivated soils was 178.3 : 10 : 1.37 : 0.63 while that for the cultivated soils was 170.9 : 10 : 1.41 : 0.74. As a result of the decrease in organic matter content the cation exchange capacity decreased under cultivation. Losses of the exchangeable cations also occurred, but the relative proportions of the metal ions in the cultivated soils were the same as those in the uncultivated. Removal of cations in crops could not account for all of the losses observed. There had been a net loss of sulphur from the surface soils over and above that likely by crop removal. The nitrate content of the surface samples was insufficient to provide the nitrogen uptake by the crop either in pots or in the field. Evidence is presented suggesting that other sources, including leached nitrate, were utilized in the field. Mineralization of organic phosphorus and fertilizer addition had increased the amounts of inorganic, plant-available forms, but the total phosphorus was unchanged in the cultivated soils. However, the phosphorus status of' the cultivated soils was still extremely low and responses to phosphorus were obtained at all sites. There seems little prospect of reducing current superphosphate rates on these soils.

scholarly journals Soil Fertility Status under Different Tree Cropping System in a Southwestern Zone of Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement O. OGUNKUNLE ◽  
Olusegun O. AWOTOYE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

Tree cropping has been known to bring about changes in edaphic component among other components of the ecosystem through their interactions with the soil and soil faunas. Premised on this, this study assessed the effects of sole cropping of teak and intercropping of cocoa and kola on the soil fertility status. The study was carried out using stratified-randomed sampling technique for the study plots in all the sampling sites. Three sampling sites consisting of four (4)-4oo m2 sampling plots each were established in which vegetation and some soil parameters were assessed. Results analysis showed that the synergistic interaction of leaves decomposition of cocoa and kola improved the organic matter content of the soil under the cocoa/kola site. Considerable improvement in soil fertility was enjoyed in the cocoa/kola site due to the large girth sizes and basal area of trees present in the cocoa/kola site while soil under the sole cropping of teak was impoverished. The degradation effects was due to the high rate of nutrient uptake of the teak, organic matter content was high in the forest site (9.12%) and cocoa/kola site (7.34) while the least was in the teak site (3.04%). A very strong correlation existed between organic matter content and some vegetation parameters.

scholarly journals Patterns of Denitrification and Methanogenesis Rates from Vernal Pools in a Temperate Forest Driven by Seasonal, Microbial Functional Gene Abundances, and Soil Chemistry

Wetlands ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Ayayee ◽  
Joseph Taura ◽  
Alescia A. Roberto ◽  
Christopher B. Blackwood ◽  
Laura G. Leff
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Vernal Pools ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Denitrification Gene ◽  
Biogeochemical Hotspots ◽  
Microbial Functional Gene

Abstract Due to their relatively small sizes, temperate forest vernal pools are less studied than other wetlands, despite being potential biogeochemical hotspots in landscapes. We investigated spatial and temporal factors driving N2O and CH4 emission rates from vernal pools in a temperate forest. We determined higher N2O (3.66 ± 0.53 × 10−6, μg N2O/m2/h) and CH4 (2.10 ± 0.7 × 10−3, μg N2O/m2/h) rates in spring relative to fall (~50% and 77% lower for N2O and CH4 rates, respectively) and winter (~70% and 94% lower for N2O and CH4 rates, respectively). Soil organic matter, nitrate content and bacterial 16S rDNA, nirS, and norB gene abundances emerged as significant drivers of N2O rates, whereas, soil pH, organic matter content and mcrA abundance were significant drivers of CH4 rates. Denitrification gene abundances were negatively correlated with N2O rates, whereas mcrA abundance correlated positively with CH4 rates. Results suggest that CH4 rates may be directly coupled to methanogen abundance, whereas N2O rates may be directly impacted by a variety of abiotic variables and indirectly coupled to the abundance of potential denitrifier assemblages. Overall, additional studies examining these dynamics over extended periods are needed to provide more insights into their control.

Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) Response to and Sorption Characteristics of Nicosulfuron and Primisulfuron

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Novosel ◽  
Karen A. Renner ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Andrew J. Chomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Nicosulfuron and primisulfuron are sulfonylurea herbicides that may persist in the soil and injure sensitive rotational crops such as sugarbeet. Studies were initiated to measure sugarbeet response one and two years after application of 70 and 140 g/ha of nicosulfuron and 40 and 80 g/ha of primisulfuron to corn. Nicosulfuron did not injure sugarbeet one or two years after application. In contrast, sugarbeet yield was reduced one year after application of 40 and 80 g/ha of primisulfuron. Injury was visible two years after application of 80 g/ha primisulfuron but this did not cause a yield reduction. In greenhouse studies, the concentration of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron that reduced sugarbeet growth by 50% were determined for six soils. Primisulfuron reduced sugarbeet growth more than nicosulfuron on four of six soils indicating greater potential for sugarbeet injury from primisulfuron. Sugarbeet response was highly correlated with soil organic matter content (R2= 0.88). The sorption coefficients, Kdvalues, for nicosulfuron were 0.30 to 2.58 and the Kdvalues for primisulfuron were 0.76 to 3.47. Primisulfuron Kdvalues were higher than those of nicosulfuron on four of five soils indicating stronger affinity of primisulfuron for soil sorptive sites. The Kdvalues for both herbicides indicate low overall sorption. The greater sugarbeet injury observed in the field from primisulfuron is not due to greater availability of primisulfuron compared to nicosulfuron.

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