scholarly journals PLANT SPACING, COLD TREATMENT, AND FLOWER VIBRATION INFLUENCE ON GREENHOUSE TOMATO PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 732c-732
Author(s):  
Benjamin G. Mullinix ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak ◽  
Janet Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Six tomato cultivars [Hotset, Petra, Stella, Big-O, Tropic, & Monte Carlo (fresh market)] were grown in a greenhouse in 1979 from July through November in 3 experiments. Exp. 1: The first two cultivars were used in a 15 cm, 30 cm, or 45 cm in-row spacing with rows spaced 60 cm apart. Cumulative fruit number and weight per unit area declined with increasing in-row spacing. Exp. 2: The first four cultivars were subjected to either cold or no cold treatment during germination before transplanting. No differences were found between the two treatments for mean fruit weight or total fruit number. Exp. 3: The last two cultivars were subjected to both the cold treatment and flower vibration. Cumulative fruit weight was greater for vibrated flowers. Greater mean fruit weight occurred earlier with cold treatment and declined significantly later in season, and was more pronounced in Tropic than Monte Carlo.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SPACING ON FRUIT LOAD DISTRIBUTION ON GREENHOUSE TOMATOES

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 269B-269
Author(s):  
Benjamin G. Mullinix ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak ◽  
Janet Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Cluster Distribution ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Fruit Load

Ten tomato cultivars (fresh market) were grown in a greenhouse using 30 cm or 45 cm in-row spacing with rows spaced 60 cm apart in 1979 from January through June. The cultivars were Big-O, Bigset, Hotset, Monte Carlo, Petra, Stella, Supal, Tropic, Wilters Villmarie, and WW200. Cultivars producing high number of fruit had lower fruit weight. Seven cultivars produced more fruit under the 30 cm spacing. Six cultivars produced slightly heavier fruit at 45 cm spacing and five cultivars produced larger class sized fruit at 45 cm spacing. Five cultivars had fruit by cluster distribution significantly higher up the plant at 45 cm spacing, while two were significantly lower. Three cultivars had greater production later in the growing period at 45 cm spacing, while two were greater at the beginning.

scholarly journals Effects of In-row Spacing on Eggplant Yield

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Marginal Return ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Net Profit

Research was conducted to determine appropriate in-row spacing for eggplant (Solanum melongena) and to determine the best economic returns of this practice. ‘Classic’ eggplant seedlings were transplanted at in-row distances of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 ft. Eggplant height decreased linearly as in-row spacing increased. In-row spacing affected total eggplant fruit number, with no fruit number differences among 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ft, averaging ≈46,800 fruit/acre. Total fruit weight followed a trend similar to that for total fruit number and there were no differences among 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ft (ranging between 18.2 and 19.9 tons/acre). From an economical standpoint, the comparison between 2.0 and 2.5 ft resulted in the former spacing having a marginal return rate of 8.03% in relation to an in-row spacing of 2.5 ft, which indicated that growers would earn $0.08 extra for each $1.00 of net profit by switching from 2.5 to 2.0 ft in-row plant spacing.

scholarly journals PLANT SPACING OF `CALYPSO' AND LITTLE LEAF GENOTYPES OF CUCUMBERS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1120d-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean E. Knavel
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Short Internode

Plant spacing or population studies with normal internode-length `Calypso' and short-internode Ky Littleleaf (Ky-LL), both gynoecious-flowering, in 6-row beds for once-over harvest in 1987, 1988, and 1989 showed that increasing spacing increased leaf area per plant, but had no effect on leaf area, fruit number, and total fruit weight in Grades 1, 2, and 3 per growing area. `Calypso' plants had more leaf area than Ky-LL, but both had similar number and weight of fruit. The best spacing for `Calypso' and Ky-LL was 15 × 21.5 cm for an average of 28.5 plants/m2 (283,570/ha). Ark Littleleaf (ARK-LL), a monoecious-flowering normal-internode length genotype, had more leaves and greater leaf area than `Calypso' and KY-LL plants. Increasing bed spacing of Ark-LL plants from 30 × 30 to 30 × 45 cm increased leaf area, fruit number and fruit weight per plant, but not per growing area. For fruit number and weight in Grades 1, 2, and 3, the best row spacing of Ark-LL plants was a single row of 15 cm or a 30 × 30 cm double row with fruit weight of 25,500 and 27,000 kg/ha, respectively. Data for the three plant types in various row spacings to be conducted in 1990 will be presented.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Shewarobit, Central Ethiopia

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Amare ◽  
Hailay Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Inappropriate spacing is one of the major problems in tomato production at the study area. A field experiment was conducted to determine inter- and intrarow plant spacing for yield and yield components of tomato at Shewarobit, central rift valley of Ethiopia, under irrigation condition. The treatment comprises of three intrarow spacing (20, 30, and 40 cm) and four interrow spacing (60, 80, 100, and 120 cm) replicated three times and arranged in randomized complete block design using tomato variety Weyno. Data collected on fruit yield and yield components were analysed using SAS. The main effect of interrow spacing significantly affected marketable fruit, unmarketable fruit, marketable fruit number, unmarketable fruit number, and fruit diameter. The 20 cm interrow spacing showed a marked increase in marketable fruit yield by 35.96% as compared to 30 cm spacing used by farmers. Planting tomato in closer interrow spacing (60 cm) resulted in 50% yield increment than the widest (120 cm) space between rows. Interaction effects of both inter- and intrarow spacing significantly (p < 0.05) affected plant height and fruit length. An intrarow and interrow spacing of 20 ∗ 100 cm and 20 ∗ 120 cm resulted in tallest plants and widest fruits, respectively. Therefore, farmers can use 20 cm intrarow spacing and 60 cm interrow spacing for planting of tomato seedling of Weyno variety.

scholarly journals Plant Spacing and Variety Affect Pumpkin Yield and Fruit Size, but Supplemental Nitrogen Does Not

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Reiners ◽  
Dale I.M. Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Field studies were conducted at two locations in 1995 to determine the effect of spacing, nitrogen application, and variety on pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) marketable yield. Pumpkin yield was unaffected by three rates of applied N (67, 112, or 157 kg N·ha-1). Marketable fruit number per hectare increased with both 'Howden' and 'Wizard' pumpkins as in-row plant spacing decreased from 1.2 to 0.3 m. Average fruit size significantly decreased at the closer spacing, but the decline in mass was much greater in nonirrigated as compared to irrigated plots. This resulted in a significantly greater yield in the irrigated plots at the closer spacing, while there was no significant increase in yield without irrigation. The results demonstrate that growers may increase the number of fruit per unit area with closer spacing but optimal soil moisture may be a prerequisite for the increase.

scholarly journals Correlations between yield and fruit quality characteristics of fresh market tomatoes

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia M de Souza ◽  
Paulo César T Melo ◽  
Reginaldo R Luders ◽  
Arlete MT Melo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Primary Yield ◽  
Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations

Genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlations were estimated for all possible pairs among eleven characters of tomatoes. Fifteen treatments including five parents and ten hybrids of Instituto Agronômico (IAC) tomato breeding program were evaluated using a randomized complete block experimental design, with tree replications in Itatiba, São Paulo state, Brazil, during 2005/2006. The following traits were evaluated: fruit yield per plant (FP), fruit number per plant (FN), average fruit weight (FW), cluster number per plant (CN), fruit number per cluster (FC), number of locules per fruit (NL), fruit length (FL), fruit width (WI), fruit wall thickness (FT), total soluble solids (SS), and total titratable acidity (TA). The genotypic (rG), phenotypic (rF) and environmental correlations (rA) for two pairs of plant traits were estimated using the Genes© program. High similarity was found among the estimates of genotypic and phenotypic correlations. Positive and high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed between FP and the traits FN, FW and FT, and these associations contributed for yield increasing. FW and FT contributed to yield increase and should be considered together as primary yield components in tomato. Positive values of the genotypic and phenotypic correlations revealed that FP influenced FN with high direct effect and significant positive correlation. These traits may be included as the main selection criteria for tomato yield improvement.

scholarly journals (370) In-row Plant Spacing Affects Early Season Fruit Yield of Strawberry Grown in a Winter, Annual Hill Production System

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1058C-1058
Author(s):  
Craig K. Chandler ◽  
Daniel E. Legard ◽  
Chang-Lin Xiao ◽  
James C. Mertely
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Winter Annual

On standard two-row black polyethylene covered beds, `Camarosa', `Rosa Linda', and `Sweet Charlie' strawberry plants were grown at 23, 31, 38, or 46 cm within-row spacing during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons at Dover, Fla. Ripe fruit were harvested twice weekly from December through March. The first 8 weeks of harvest was considered the early period; the late period consisted of all harvests after the first 8 weeks. The effect of spacing on early marketable yield was consistent across seasons and cultivars. The 23-cm spacing resulted in the highest marketable yield per unit area, followed by the 31-, 38-, and 46-cm spacing. The percentage of fruit that were small (unmarketable) was higher at the 23-cm spacing than at the wider spacings (40% vs. 35% or 36%), but spacing did not affect the percentage of fruit that were misshapen. For the late harvest period, a spacing effect on marketable yield occurred in 1998–99, but not in 1997–98. The 23-, 31-, and 38-cm spacings in 1998–99 resulted in similar late period yields, which were 15% to 21% higher than the yield resulting from the 46-cm spacing. These results indicate that marketable yields per plant during the late period were higher at the wider spacings.

scholarly journals Late summer organic tomato production with heat tolerant tomato cultivars

2021 ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
Samantha Hilborn ◽  
Michael Petersen ◽  
Richard C. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Desert Southwest ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Summer Fruit

Field production of organic fresh-market tomatoes in the U.S. Desert Southwest is desired by local producers and consumers. Tomato yield and fruit quality can be seriously impacted by heat stress (HS) and beet curly top virus (BCTV) infection of the main-season crop. We examined delayed planting of HS tolerant cultivars as a strategy for avoiding and mitigating these abiotic and biotic stressors. In 2016, seven putative HS tolerant cultivars, and one considered to be heat susceptible, were transplanted to the field in mid-summer to avoid peak populations of beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus), the vector of BCTV. In 2017, seven HS tolerant cultivars, one heat-susceptible, and two hot-set hybrid cultivars were transplanted in mid-summer. Fruit set was above 75% for most entries, including the heat-susceptible checks. Open-pollinated (OP) and hybrid cultivars exhibited a range of yields from 21.3 to 148.6 Mg/ha and fruit quality ratings from poor to excellent. The OP check ‘Super Sioux’ displayed consistently good yield and quality across years. The correlation between fruit set and yield was low (R2 = 0.29) and significant only at the 0.10 level (P<0.09). The incidence of curly top (incited by BCTV infection) was less than 10% in both years, indicating mid-summer planting aided disease avoidance. ‘Flamenco’, the earliest variety, and two later maturing varieties ‘Florida 91’ and ‘Skyway 687’, are recommended for further evaluation. Mid-summer planting of small and medium-fruited tomato cultivars appears to be a viable option for organic fresh-market tomato production for the fall market in the Southwest USA

scholarly journals Evaluation of Horticultural Practices for Sustainable Tomato Production in Eastern Uganda

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934-1940
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Tusiime ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke ◽  
Dorothy M. Masinde ◽  
Helen H. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Tomato cultivars (Heinz 1370, MT 56, and Nuru F1), fungicide application (±), staking (±), and mulching (±) were tested for their effect on yield, disease severity, and gross margin in tomato production in the Kamuli District of Uganda. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with a factorial and split-plot arrangement in field plots in two growing seasons during 2013. Total and marketable fruit number, marketable fruit weight, gross margin, and disease severity, assessed using the area under disease progress curve, were measured. Disease-resistant and open-pollinated ‘MT 56’ in combination with fungicide application and soil mulch provided the highest marketable fruit number and marketable fruit weight and had a positive gross margin in the first growing season. A combination of ‘MT 56’ and treatments without applying fungicide and soil mulch resulted in the only positive gross margin in season two. Application of fungicides reduced disease severity (early blight, Alternaria solani Sorauer) for all cultivars in season one and for ‘Heinz 1370’ and ‘Nuru F1’ in season two, but did not affect disease severity for ‘MT 56’ in the second season. Using soil mulch reduced the severity of early blight disease, but decreased the gross margin when purchased. Staking did not affect yield, disease severity of plants, and decreased the gross margin. Cultivar MT 56 had the highest gross margin and marketable fruit and least disease severity, and seeds should be made available to small-landholder tomato farmers in Uganda to enhance their sustainable livelihoods.

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