Cotton Gin Trash, Rice Hulls, and Poultry Litter as Soil Amendments in Mid-south Vegetables

Soil fertility studies conducted in commercial vegetable fields to examine alternative uses of mid-south agricultural wastes as soil amendments included work with poultry litter, cotton gin trash, and rice hulls. Poultry litter applications ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 Mg·ha–1 resulted in significant increases in spinach, cabbage, turnip greens, and collard yields grown in soils damaged by precision leveling or in sandy soils with low organic matter; however, positive yield response to litter applied to undamaged soils was variable. Raw rice hulls applied at rates ranging from 2 to 44 Mg·ha–1 resulted in reduced cabbage yield. Trials with cotton gin trash and cover crops on yield of cabbage, broccoli, southern pea, snap bean, and cucumber indicate significant problems with weeds following use of raw gin trash. Composting alleviated most weed problems, but no yield response was apparent at composted gin trash rates ≤9.6 Mg·ha–1. High rates (60 Mg·ha–1) of composted gin trash on damaged soil significantly improved cabbage yield. There were increases in soil pH and Ca levels. Research was supported by a SAREIACE grant.

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Use of Cowpea to Manage Soil Phosphorus Accumulation from Poultry Litter Applications in a Cool-season Vegetable Rotation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.4.591a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 591a-591

Author(s):

Clydette Alsup ◽

Brian A. Kahn

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Spinacia Oleracea ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Cool Season ◽

Soil P ◽

Phosphorus Accumulation ◽

Turnip Greens ◽

Vegetable Rotation

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)] cover crops were grown in a rotation with broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and turnip greens [Brassica rape L. var. (DC.) Metzg. utilis] to evaluate the legume's ability to remove excess P from soils when poultry litter was used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer treatments were litter to meet each crop's recommended preplant N requirements (1X), litter at twice the recommended rate, and urea at the IX rate as the control. Following the vegetable crops, cowpeas were planted on half of each replication, while the other half was fallowed. The cowpeas were harvested for green-shell seeds and then underwent a simulated haying operation. Soil samples were taken at 0-to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm depths at the onset of the study and after each crop to monitor plant nutrient levels. The cowpeas effectively lowered soil N levels but not soil P levels. However, there was no consistent evidence of an increase in soil P or K levels with litter applications. All three vegetable crops were successfully grown using poultry litter, although the 1X rate appeared inadequate for maximum production of broccoli and turnip greens.

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Using Cowpea to Manage Soil Phosphorus Accumulation from Poultry Litter Applications in a Cool-season Vegetable Rotation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.37.3.496 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 496-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Clydette M. Alsup ◽

Brian A. Kahn ◽

Mark E. Payton

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Spinacia Oleracea ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Cropping System ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Soil Test ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Soil Test P ◽

Turnip Greens ◽

Vegetable Rotation

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cover crops were grown in a rotation with broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and turnip greens [Brassica rapa L. var. (DC.) Metzg. utilis] to evaluate the legume's ability to remove excess P from soils when poultry litter was used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer treatments were: 1) litter to meet each crop's recommended preplant N requirements (1×); 2) litter at twice the recommended rate (2×); and 3) urea at the 1× rate as the control. Following the vegetable crops, cowpeas were planted on half of each replication, while the other half was fallowed. The cowpeas were harvested at the green-shell seed stage and then underwent a simulated haying operation to remove remaining shoot material from the field. Soil samples were taken at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths at the onset of the study and after each crop to monitor plant nutrient concentrations. The cowpeas lowered soil test N concentrations at both soil sampling depths, but had no consistent effect on soil test P concentrations. Soil test P at the 0-15 cm depth was not increased by litter at the 1× rate but was increased by litter at the 2× rate relative to the urea control, regardless of cropping system. Poultry litter was effective as a fertilizer for all three vegetable crops, but the 1× rate appeared inadequate for maximum production of broccoli and turnip greens.

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Sorption-desorption equilibrium and diffusion of tetracycline in poultry litter and municipal biosolids soil amendments

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 188 ◽

pp. 494-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

E. D'Angelo

Keyword(s):

Soil Amendments ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Municipal Biosolids ◽

Desorption Equilibrium ◽

And Diffusion

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Nitrous oxide emissions increase exponentially with organic N rate from cover crops and applied poultry litter

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2018.10.023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 272 ◽

pp. 165-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Brian W. Davis ◽

Steven B. Mirsky ◽

Brian A. Needelman ◽

Michel A. Cavigelli ◽

Stephanie A. Yarwood

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Organic N

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Response of Sensitive and Resistant Snap Bean Genotypes to Nighttime Ozone Concentration

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs04808-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 (6) ◽

pp. 331-339

Author(s):

Kirsten L. Lloyd ◽

Donald D. Davis ◽

Richard P. Marini ◽

Dennis R. Decoteau

Keyword(s):

Leaf Age ◽

Acute Injury ◽

Yield Response ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Foliar Injury ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Stirred Tank Reactors ◽

First Results ◽

Significant Yield ◽

The Impact

Effects of nighttime (2000 to 0700 hr) O3 on the pod mass of sensitive (S156) and resistant (R123) snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were assessed using continuous stirred tank reactors located within a greenhouse. Two concentration-response relationship trials were designed to evaluate yield response to nighttime O3 exposure (10 to 265 ppb) in combination with daytime exposure at background levels (44 and 62 ppb). Three replicated trials tested the impact of nighttime O3 treatment at means of 145, 144, and 145 ppb on yields. In addition, stomatal conductance (gS) measurements documented diurnal variations and assessed the effects of genotype and leaf age. During the concentration-response experiments, pod mass had a significant linear relationship with the nighttime O3 concentration across genotypes. Yield losses of 15% and 50% occurred at nighttime exposure levels of ≈45 and 145 ppb, respectively, for S156, whereas R123 yields decreased by 15% at ≈150 ppb. At low nighttime O3 levels of ≈100 ppb, R123 yields initially increased up to 116% of the treatment that received no added nighttime O3, suggesting a potential hormesis effect for R123, but not for S156. Results from replicated trials revealed significant yield losses in both genotypes following combined day and night exposure, whereas night-only exposure caused significant decreases only for S156. The gS rates ranged from less than 100 mmol·m−2·s−1 in the evening to midday levels more than 1000 mmol·m−2·s−1. At sunrise and sunset, S156 had significantly higher gS rates than R123, suggesting a greater potential O3 flux into leaves. Across genotypes, younger rapidly growing leaves had higher gS rates than mature fully expanded leaves when evaluated at four different times during the day. Although these were long-term trials, gS measurements and observations of foliar injury development suggest that acute injury, occurring at approximately the time of sunrise, also may have contributed to yield losses. To our knowledge, these are the first results to confirm that the relative O3 sensitivity of the S156/R123 genotypes is valid for nighttime exposure.

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Growth and yield response of okra (Ablemochus esculentus) to varying rates of different sources of organic soil amendments at Njala, Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone

African Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5897/ajar2021.15656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 1144-1154

Author(s):

Nyande Ashadu ◽

S. George Melvin ◽

A. Kassoh Fayia ◽

M. Bah Alieu

Keyword(s):

Sierra Leone ◽

Soil Amendments ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Organic Soil Amendments ◽

Different Sources

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Rye (Secale cereale L.) and Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Intercrop Management in Fresh-market Vegetables

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.121.3.586 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 121 (3) ◽

pp. 586-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vasey N. Mwaja ◽

John B. Masiunas ◽

Catherine E. Eastman

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Cabbage Looper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Vicia Villosa ◽

Snap Bean

The effect of cover-crop management on growth and yield of `Bravo' cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.), `Market Pride' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), and `Mustang' snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was determined. Each fall, `Wheeler' winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and `Oregon Crown' hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) were interseeded. The following spring, the cover crops were killed by either applying glyphosate and mowing (CC-G) or mowing and disking (CC-D). Trifluralin was preplant incorporated into bare ground as a conventional tillage (CT) treatment. In 1992 and 1993, a chicken (Gallus gallus L.) based fertilizer was applied to half the subplots. The greatest snap bean and cabbage yields were in CT. The system with the greatest tomato yields varied. In 1991, the greatest tomato yields were in the CT treatment, while in 1992 yields were greatest in the CT and CC-D treatments, and in 1993 the greatest yields were in CT and CC-G. Cabbage yields were greater in the fertilized than the unfertilized treatments. In 1992, infestations of diamondback moth, imported cabbageworm, and cabbage looper were greater in CT than in the CC-G treatment. Three years of the CC-G treatment increased soil organic matter from 3.07% to 3.48% and increased soil pH from 6.30 to 6.51, while neither changed in the CT. Chemical names used: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate); 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipro`pyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine (trifluralin).

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