scholarly journals Using Cowpea to Manage Soil Phosphorus Accumulation from Poultry Litter Applications in a Cool-season Vegetable Rotation

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clydette M. Alsup ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Mark E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Turnip Greens ◽  
Vegetable Rotation

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cover crops were grown in a rotation with broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and turnip greens [Brassica rapa L. var. (DC.) Metzg. utilis] to evaluate the legume's ability to remove excess P from soils when poultry litter was used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer treatments were: 1) litter to meet each crop's recommended preplant N requirements (1×); 2) litter at twice the recommended rate (2×); and 3) urea at the 1× rate as the control. Following the vegetable crops, cowpeas were planted on half of each replication, while the other half was fallowed. The cowpeas were harvested at the green-shell seed stage and then underwent a simulated haying operation to remove remaining shoot material from the field. Soil samples were taken at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths at the onset of the study and after each crop to monitor plant nutrient concentrations. The cowpeas lowered soil test N concentrations at both soil sampling depths, but had no consistent effect on soil test P concentrations. Soil test P at the 0-15 cm depth was not increased by litter at the 1× rate but was increased by litter at the 2× rate relative to the urea control, regardless of cropping system. Poultry litter was effective as a fertilizer for all three vegetable crops, but the 1× rate appeared inadequate for maximum production of broccoli and turnip greens.

scholarly journals Using Hairy Vetch to Manage Soil Phosphorus Accumulation from Poultry Litter Applications in a Warm-season Vegetable Rotation

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-495
Author(s):  
Clydette M. Alsup ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Mark E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Vegetable Rotation

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crops were grown in a rotation with sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. Reticulatus group) to evaluate the legume's ability to remove excess P from soils when poultry litter was used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer treatments were: 1) litter to meet each crop's recommended preplant N requirements (1×); 2) litter at twice the recommended rate (2×); and 3) urea at the 1× rate as the control. Following the vegetable crops, hairy vetch was planted on half of each replication, while the other half was fallowed. The vetch was removed from the field in a simulated haying operation in the spring. Soil samples were taken at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths at the onset of the study and after each crop to monitor plant nutrient concentrations. The vetch sometimes raised soil test N concentrations at the 0-15 cm depth. Soil test P concentrations at the 0-15 cm sampling depth in the vetch system were consistently lower numerically, but not statistically, relative to comparable plots in the fallow system. Soil test P at the 0-15 cm depth was usually increased by litter at the 2× rate relative to the urea control, regardless of cropping system. Yields of both vegetable crops were similar among all cover crop and fertilizer treatments.

scholarly journals Use of Cowpea to Manage Soil Phosphorus Accumulation from Poultry Litter Applications in a Cool-season Vegetable Rotation

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 591a-591
Author(s):  
Clydette Alsup ◽  
Brian A. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Turnip Greens ◽  
Vegetable Rotation

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)] cover crops were grown in a rotation with broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and turnip greens [Brassica rape L. var. (DC.) Metzg. utilis] to evaluate the legume's ability to remove excess P from soils when poultry litter was used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer treatments were litter to meet each crop's recommended preplant N requirements (1X), litter at twice the recommended rate, and urea at the IX rate as the control. Following the vegetable crops, cowpeas were planted on half of each replication, while the other half was fallowed. The cowpeas were harvested for green-shell seeds and then underwent a simulated haying operation. Soil samples were taken at 0-to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm depths at the onset of the study and after each crop to monitor plant nutrient levels. The cowpeas effectively lowered soil N levels but not soil P levels. However, there was no consistent evidence of an increase in soil P or K levels with litter applications. All three vegetable crops were successfully grown using poultry litter, although the 1X rate appeared inadequate for maximum production of broccoli and turnip greens.

scholarly journals Soil Phosphorus Removal as a Function of Cropping System

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 595b-595
Author(s):  
D.R. Earhart ◽  
M.L. Baker ◽  
V.A. Haby
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
P Accumulation

A factored experiment was established at the Texas A&M Univ. Research and Extension Center at Overton in Spring 1995. The objective was to investigate the use of warm- and cool-season legume cover crops in vegetable cropping systems for reducing phosphorus (P) accumulation from poultry litter (PL) and commercial blend (CB) fertilizer. PL rates were based on soil test nitrogen (N) requirement of the vegetable crop and percent N content of the litter. This was considered the 1X rate. Fertility treatments were applied to the vegetable crop only. PL was applied at O, 1X, 2X and 4X rates. CB was applied at recommended rates for N, P, and K. The vegetable crops were: Spring 1995—watermelon; Fall 1995—turnip; Spring 1996—tomato; Fall 1996—collard; Spring 1997—squash. The legumes were: spring—Iron and Clay cowpea; fall—crimson clover. Dry-matter yield of cowpeas and clover was not affected by fertility treatment in any of the years studied to date (Spring 1995, 1996, 1997). Plant concentration of P for both cover crops was increased all 3 years as rate increased. PL applied at the 1X rate maintained P levels in the surface 0—15 cm of soil at 60 mg·kg-1 over the five-season study period. CB maintained levels of P equal to the control. A cropping system of spring vegetable—fall legume greatly reduced P accumulation. A reduction in P was also noted from a system of fall vegetable—spring legume, but not as pronounced. The greatest accumulation was with a system of spring vegetable—fall vegetable.

scholarly journals Cotton Gin Trash, Rice Hulls, and Poultry Litter as Soil Amendments in Mid-south Vegetables

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 894D-894
Author(s):  
Tina Gray Teague ◽  
Gail S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Turnip Greens ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Cotton Gin

Soil fertility studies conducted in commercial vegetable fields to examine alternative uses of mid-south agricultural wastes as soil amendments included work with poultry litter, cotton gin trash, and rice hulls. Poultry litter applications ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 Mg·ha–1 resulted in significant increases in spinach, cabbage, turnip greens, and collard yields grown in soils damaged by precision leveling or in sandy soils with low organic matter; however, positive yield response to litter applied to undamaged soils was variable. Raw rice hulls applied at rates ranging from 2 to 44 Mg·ha–1 resulted in reduced cabbage yield. Trials with cotton gin trash and cover crops on yield of cabbage, broccoli, southern pea, snap bean, and cucumber indicate significant problems with weeds following use of raw gin trash. Composting alleviated most weed problems, but no yield response was apparent at composted gin trash rates ≤9.6 Mg·ha–1. High rates (60 Mg·ha–1) of composted gin trash on damaged soil significantly improved cabbage yield. There were increases in soil pH and Ca levels. Research was supported by a SAREIACE grant.

NLEAP Computer Model and Multiple Linear Regression Prediction of Nitrate Leaching in Vegetable Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Minshew ◽  
John Selker ◽  
Delbert Hemphill ◽  
Richard P. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop N Uptake ◽  
Mlr Model

Predicting leaching of residual soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in wet climates is important for reducing risks of groundwater contamination and conserving soil N. The goal of this research was to determine the potential to use easily measurable or readily available soilclimatic-plant data that could be put into simple computer models and used to predict NO3 leaching under various management systems. Two computer programs were compared for their potential to predict monthly NO3-N leaching losses in western Oregon vegetable systems with or without cover crops. The models were a statistical multiple linear regression (MLR) model and the commercially available Nitrate Leaching and Economical Analysis Package model (NLEAP 1.13). The best MLR model found using stepwise regression to predict annual leachate NO3-N had four independent variables (log transformed fall soil NO3-N, leachate volume, summer crop N uptake, and N fertilizer rate) (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.57). Comparisons were made between NLEAP and field data for mass of NO3-N leached between the months of September and May from 1992 to 1997. Predictions with NLEAP showed greater correlation to observed data during high-rainfall years compared to dry or averagerainfall years. The model was found to be sensitive to yield estimates, but vegetation management choices were limiting for vegetable crops and for systems that included a cover crop.

scholarly journals Corn Stover Removal Responses on Soil Test P and K Levels in Coastal Plain Ultisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4401
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Novak ◽  
James R. Frederick ◽  
Don W. Watts ◽  
Thomas F. Ducey ◽  
Douglas L. Karlen
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
K Concentration

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is used as a biofuel feedstock in the U.S. Selection of stover harvest rates for soils is problematic, however, because excessive stover removal may have consequences on plant available P and K concentrations. Our objective was to quantify stover harvest impacts on topsoil P and K contents in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain Ultisols. Five stover harvest rates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% by wt) were removed for five years from replicated plots. Grain and stover mass with P and K concentration data were used to calculate nutrient removal. Mehlich 1 (M1)-extractable P and K concentrations were used to monitor changes within the soils. Grain alone removed 13–15 kg ha−1 P and 15–18 kg ha−1 K each year, resulting in a cumulative removal of 70 and 85 kg ha−1 or 77 and 37% of the P and K fertilizer application, respectively. Harvesting stover increased nutrient removal such that when combined with grain removed, a cumulative total of 95% of the applied P and 126% of fertilizer K were taken away. This caused M1 P and K levels to decline significantly in the first year and even with annual fertilization to remain relatively static thereafter. For these Ultisols, we conclude that P and K fertilizer recommendations should be fine-tuned for P and K removed with grain and stover harvesting and that stover harvest of >50% by weight will significantly decrease soil test M1 P and K contents.

Nitrous oxide emissions increase exponentially with organic N rate from cover crops and applied poultry litter

2019 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Davis ◽  
Steven B. Mirsky ◽  
Brian A. Needelman ◽  
Michel A. Cavigelli ◽  
Stephanie A. Yarwood
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Organic N

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, AND MANURE FACTORIALLY APPLIED TO POTATOES IN A LONG-TERM STUDY

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. BLACK ◽  
R. P. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The effects of N, P, K, and manure factorially applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields, starch content, and soil and tissue nutrient levels were evaluated on continuous plots over 12 yr in a 4-yr potato, grain, hay, hay rotation. Although yield responses were observed with N, P, and K applications, manure application substantially increased yields above yield levels due to applied N, P, and K. Increasing rates of KCl strongly depressed tuber starch contents. Soil test P and K levels increased with repeated fertility applications, and leaf tissue levels were increased with N, P, and K treatments.

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