vicia villosa
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Author(s):  
Behdad Shokrollahi Yancheshmeh ◽  
Leila Monjazeb Marvdashti ◽  
Alireza Emadi ◽  
Anna Abdolshahi ◽  
Arezoo Ebrahimi ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Александра Сергеевна Скамарохова ◽  
Наталья Александровна Бедило ◽  
Наталья Александровна Юрина ◽  
Роман Викторович Кравченко

В растениеводстве и кормопроизводстве вику используют обычно в травосмесях со злаковыми культурами. В условиях Центральной зоны Краснодарского края на чернозёме выщелоченном в 2019 г. проведены полевые опыты с применением различных дозировок минеральных удобрений под вико-пшеничные травосмеси. Отмечено, что повышенные дозы вносимых удобрений заметно угнетали прирост зелёной массы. В опытах изучали сорта вики Орлан и Чермонорская (Vicia pannonica Granz), Глинковская и Луговская-2 (Vicia villosa or Roth), а также сорт Таня пшеницы озимой твердой (Triticum aestivum L.). По полученным результатам, наиболее оптимальными по урожайности оказались смеси трав с сортами вик Орлан (110,2 ц/га) и Луговская 2 (85,6 ц/га). В 3-ю декаду мая вико-пшеничные смеси имеют наивысшую продуктивность по зеленой массе и оптимальную питательную ценность. Данный период соответствует массовому цветению вики и началу колошения пшеницы.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mardani-Korrani ◽  
Masaru Nakayasu ◽  
Shinichi Yamazaki ◽  
Yuichi Aoki ◽  
Rumi Kaida ◽  
...  

L-Canavanine, a conditionally essential non-proteinogenic amino acid analog to L-arginine, plays important roles in cell division, wound healing, immune function, the release of hormones, and a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). In this report, we found that the L-canavanine is released into the soil from the roots of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and declines several weeks after growth, while it was absent in bulk proxy. Hairy vetch root was able to exudate L-canavanine in both pots and in vitro conditions in an agar-based medium. The content of the L-canavanine in pots and agar conditions was higher than the field condition. It was also observed that the addition of L-canavanine significantly altered the microbial community composition and diversity in soil. Firmicutes and Actinobacteria became more abundant in the soil after the application of L-canavanine. In contrast, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria populations were decreased by higher L-canavanine concentration (500 nmol/g soil). Prediction of the soil metabolic pathways using PICRUSt2 estimated that the L-arginine degradation pathway was enriched 1.3-fold when L-canavanine was added to the soil. Results indicated that carbon metabolism-related pathways were altered and the degradation of nitrogen-rich compounds (i.e., amino acids) enriched. The findings of this research showed that secretion of the allelochemical L-canavanine from the root of hairy vetch may alter the soil microbial community and soil metabolite pathways to increase the survival chance of hairy vetch seedlings. This is the first report that L-canavanine acts as an allelochemical that affects the biodiversity of soil microbial community.


2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 103349
Author(s):  
Lele Jin ◽  
Xingjia Xiang ◽  
Jinyi Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Jupira Almeida ◽  
Antonio Thome ◽  
Fabiana Tonial ◽  
Roberto De Martini

O uso de microrganismos em meio líquido para o processo de biocimentação, favorece a continuidade do crescimento bacteriano. Entretanto se este demora para ser usado, para de crescer rapidamente, levando a morte celular. Este estudo comparou duas formas de produção de uma biomassa, capaz de armazenar os microrganismos em estado de latência mantendo a viabilidade para posterior utilização. Aqui foi descrito o preparo de biomassas, feitas com materiais orgânicos e bactéria Sporosarcina pasteurii (CCT 0538 ATCC 1185). Foram testadas biomassas de origem animal (esterco de aves) e vegetal (ervilhaca - Vicia villosa Roth). Ambas biomassas mantiveram a viabilidade dos microrganismos, sendo que a vegetal foi mais eficiente apresentando maior crescimento bacteriano após a revitalização. Para teste foram moldados corpos de prova referência (sem biomassa) e também com cada uma delas, e depois de 28 dias ensaiados a tração e compressão. A resistência a tração apresentou um aumento de 41,2 % (biomassa animal) e de 44,7 % (biomassa vegetal). Na resistência a compressão o aumento foi de 37,8 % (biomassa animal) e de 38,8 % (biomassa vegetal), comparados a argamassa de referencia (sem adição de microrganismo).


Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Daphne Topps ◽  
Md Imam ul Khabir ◽  
Hagir Abdelmagid ◽  
Todd Jackson ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
...  

Cover crops are considered an integral component of agroecosystems because of their positive impacts on biotic and abiotic indicators of soil health. At present, we know little about the impact of cover crop types and diversity on the organic carbon (OC) contents of different soil aggregate-size classes. In this study, we investigated the effect of cover plant diversity on OC contents of different soil aggregates, such as macro- (<2000–500 μm), meso- (<500–250 μm), and micro-aggregates (<250 μm). Our experiment included a total of 12 experimental treatments in triplicate; six different monoculture treatments such as chickling vetch (Vicia villosa), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), field peas (Pisum sativum), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus), and mighty mustard (Brassica juncea), and their three- and six-species mixture treatments, including one unplanted control treatment. We performed this experiment usingdeep pots that contained soil collected from a corn-soybean rotation field. At vegetative maturity of cover plants (about 70 days), we took soil samples, and the soil aggregate-size classes were separated by the dry sieving. We hypothesized that cover crop type and diversity will improve OC contents of different soil aggregate-size classes. We found that cover plant species richness weakly positively increased OC contents of soil macro-aggregates (p = 0.056), whereas other aggregate-size classes did not respond to cover crop diversity gradient. Similarly, the OC contents of macroaggregates varied significantly (p = 0.013) under cover crop treatments, though neither monoculture nor mixture treatments showed significantly higher OC contents than the control treatment in this short-term experiment. Interestingly, the inclusion of hairy vetch and oilseed radish increased and decreased the OC contents of macro- and micro-aggregates, respectively. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between shoot biomass and OC contents of macroaggregates. Overall, our results suggest that species-rich rather than -poor communities may improve OC contents of soil macroaggregates, which constitute a major portion of soil systems, and are also considered as important indicators of soil functions.


Toxicon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Aguirre ◽  
Germán Cantón ◽  
Eleonora Morrell ◽  
Gabriela V. Sandoval ◽  
Diego M. Medina ◽  
...  

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Shi ◽  
Yan Zhong Li

Hairy vetch Vicia villosa Roth is widely grown in southwestern China for green manure and forage. In December 2019, a leaf disease occurred on 80% plants of V. villosa var. glabrescens in an eight-hectare field in Qujing(N 25°28′12″, E 103°36′22″), Yunnan Province, China. The disease leaves had irregular, brown to dark brown leaf spots with white mold. Twenty diseased leaves from five plants were randomly collected from the field. The leaf samples were sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 1% NaClO for 75 s, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, surface water removed with sterile filter paper, and placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) for culture at 20oC. The obtained fungal isolates were purified by transferring 1 to 2 mm hyphal tips onto fresh PDA plates and cultured under the same temperature condition. The isolates grew slowly, at a rate of 0.7 mm/d at 20℃ for 4 weeks. A diseased plant specimen (accession MHLZU19326) and three isolates (accessions YN1931401, YN1931402, and YN1931403) were deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Lanzhou University (MHLZU). Conidia from the PDA cultures were hyaline, spherical, smooth, aseptate, and measured 2.13 to 3.67 × 4.56 to 5.77 μm (n = 50). Conidiophores were hyaline, smooth, and straight. DNA of purified isolates was extracted and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), tef1-α, his3 and gapdh genes were amplified and sequenced with primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1-728F/EF2 (Carbone and Kohn 1999;O’Donnell et al. 1998), CylH3F/CylH3R (Crous et al. 2004), and gpd1/gpd2 (Berbee et al. 1999), respectively. DNA sequences of isolates YN1931401, YN1931402, and YN1931403 were deposited in GenBank for the ITS (accessions MW092181, MW332205, and MW332206), tef1-α (MW448172 to MW448174), his3 (MW448175 to MW448177), and gapdh (MW448178 to MW448180). These sequences had the highest similarities with sequences of Ramularia sphaeroidea Sacc. in GenBank, 99%(514∕516, 515∕517, and 514∕517 bp) for ITS, 99% (402∕403, 403∕405, and 405∕405bp) for tef1-α, 99% (377∕378, 378∕378, and 376∕378bp) for his3, and 100% (558∕557, 557∕559 and 561∕565 bp) for gapdh . A phylogenetic tree generated with the sequences clustered the fungus closely with R. sphaeroidea. Infection experiments were carried out with 50 plants of V. villosa var. glabrescens in 10 pots. A conidial suspension of 1. 0 × 106 conidia/ml with 0.01% Tween 80 was prepared by adding sterile distilled water to the YN1931401 culture and scraping with a sterile scalpel. The leaves of 25 healthy plants were sprayed with the conidial suspension, and those of the 25 control plants were sprayed with sterile water. All plants were covered with clear polyethylene bags for 3 days to maintain high humidity and then grown in a greenhouse at diurnal cycles of 18℃ for 18h with light and 22℃ for 6 h in dark. Ten days post-inoculation, the inoculated plants exhibited brown lesions similar to the symptoms observed in the field (Fig. 1-F), whereas no symptoms appeared on the control plants. The same fungus was re-isolated and identified as described above. R. sphaeroidea has been reported on V. fabae and V. sativa in Ethiopia and Israel (Braun 1998), on various Vicia species including V. villosa in California, the United States (Koike et al. 2004) and on V. craccain China (Zhang et al. 2006), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of this fungus causing leaf spot on V. villosa in China.


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